230 lines
29 KiB
XML
230 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB9AF82A62C6D7E2290300D46EC87550">
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<mods:title id="50FB3C86A88CDEBEC809230EF5FD13E3">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B6A530448AE41622AE8F5FBDB854B18">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="620406D680EAAFB58BAFC9415836B4DF">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CAFDE8D3D1B02E0C533B3433FB1B39A6">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0A4F486980EF58AD80E5261F605F38D9">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="286D607DF782C760891A38C2F25F60E3" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C43255079A06EE5FDD19F73C66A8FE27">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="C6415AF9376B0BBD6524E94B11BD8567">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="13184620F4E127F744D9043ADCD49EB7">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF95FF90FFE66DB5F932F41D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF95FF90FFE66DB5F932F41D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF95FF90FFE66DB5F932F41D" lastPageNumber="712" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE66DB5FEB9F733" box="[191,270,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE66DB5FEB9F733" blockId="84.[185,957,2213,2333]" box="[191,270,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF95FF90FFE66DB5FEB9F733" box="[191,270,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF95FF90FFE66DB5FEB9F733" box="[191,270,2213,2255]" captionStart="Plate 46: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="77.[99,129,3331,3356]" captionTargetBox="[14,2746,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="87. Upper Guinea Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius), 88. Temminck’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus temmincki), 89. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae), 90. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirku), 91. Udzungwa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), 92. Pennant’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii), 93. Bouvier’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus bouvieri), 94. Niger Delta Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), 95. Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi), 96. Tana River Red Colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), 97. Semliki Red Colobus (Piliocolobus semlikiensis), 98. Foa’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus foai), 99. Lang’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus langi), 100. Oustalet’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus oustaleti), 101. Lomami Red Colobus (Piliocolobus parmentieri), 102. Ashy Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), 103. Tshuapa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tholloni), 104. Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus)" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">104.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FE796DB5FDF3F733" box="[288,580,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FE796DB5FDF3F733" blockId="84.[185,957,2213,2333]" box="[288,580,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF95FF90FE796DB5FDF3F733" box="[288,580,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF95FF90FE796DB5FDF3F733" box="[288,580,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Olive Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FDD06DB5FC1BF733" box="[649,940,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FDD06DB5FC1BF733" blockId="84.[185,957,2213,2333]" box="[649,940,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF95FF90FDD06DB5FC1BF733" box="[649,940,2213,2255]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FDD06DB5FC1BF733" ID-CoL="4MNYC" baseAuthorityName="van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[649,940,2213,2255]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verus">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FDD06DB5FC1BF733" box="[649,940,2213,2255]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Procolobus verus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE26DF0FCFCF6E1" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE26DF0FC0BF709" blockId="84.[185,957,2213,2333]" box="[187,956,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF95FF90FFE26DF0FC0BF709" box="[187,956,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE26DF0FEBFF709" bold="true" box="[187,264,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF95FF90FE486DF0FE33F709" box="[273,388,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Colobe vert</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FEC16DF0FE44F709" bold="true" box="[408,499,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF95FF90FEA46DF0FD7DF709" box="[509,714,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Griiner Stummelaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FD866DF0FC8DF709" bold="true" box="[735,826,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF95FF90FC1D6DF0FC0BF709" box="[836,956,2272,2293]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Colobo oliva</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE26C18FCFCF6E1" blockId="84.[185,957,2213,2333]" box="[187,843,2312,2333]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF95FF90FFE26C18FCFCF6E1" box="[187,843,2312,2333]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE26C18FE06F6E1" bold="true" box="[187,433,2312,2333]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF95FF90FEE26C18FDE7F6E1" box="[443,592,2312,2333]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Green Colobus</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF95FF90FD076C18FCFCF6E1" box="[606,843,2312,2333]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Van Beneden’s Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FC7A6C5EFCDAF66F" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FC7A6C5EFCDAF66F" blockId="84.[798,1391,2382,2804]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FC7A6C5EFC08F697" bold="true" box="[803,959,2382,2411]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FC8E6C5EFCDEF66F" authority="Van Beneden, 1838" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verus">Colobus verus Van Beneden, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FC2E6C66FC65F66F" box="[887,978,2422,2451]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FC2E6C66FC65F66F" blockId="84.[798,1391,2382,2804]" box="[887,978,2422,2451]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF95FF90FC2E6C66FC65F66F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421392" box="[887,978,2422,2451]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Africa.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FC7D6C89FB39F646" box="[804,1166,2457,2490]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FC7D6C89FB39F646" blockId="84.[798,1391,2382,2804]" box="[804,1166,2457,2490]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FC7D6CD8FD93F4B8" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF95FF90FC7D6CD8FD93F4B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867311/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" targetBox="[190,772,2391,2799]" targetPageId="84">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FC7D6CD8FD93F4B8" blockId="84.[798,1391,2382,2804]" lastBlockId="84.[187,1393,2816,3041]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FC7D6CD8FC63F61D" bold="true" box="[804,980,2504,2529]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Distribution.</emphasis>
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West Africa, from SE Sierra Leone and S Guinea to Ghana (extending just E of the Volta River), and in S Togo, S Benin, and S Nigeria (S bank of the River Benue just above its confluence with
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FA1B6F4EFCC3F55A" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">the Niger</taxonomicName>
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River in the Idah, Kogi State, and the lower
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FCE26FA1FBA7F532" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1822" box="[955,1040,2737,2766]" genus="The" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" rank="species" species="niger">Niger</taxonomicName>
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). There is a discontinuity in the distribution between the VoltaRiver in Ghana and the Nigerian population, and it is believed that its range was far greater in the recent past.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE26E5FF8EBFDA9" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE26E5FF8EBFDA9" blockId="84.[187,1393,2816,3041]" lastBlockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE26E5FFE0EF490" bold="true" box="[187,441,2895,2924]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 46-51 cm (males) and 38-55 cm (females), tail 50-61 cm (males) and 43-71 cm (females); weight 4.5-7 kg (males) and 3.4-2 kg (females). The Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FE906E89FD8CF446" box="[457,571,2969,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is the smallest of the colobine monkeys. On the basis of hunter-shot specimens and museum records, J. Oates and colleagues gave the following body weights: males 4-7 kg (4.5-7 kg; n = 20) and females 4-2 kg (2.8-5.4 kg; n = 14). The Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F9DC6457F940FE94" box="[1669,1783,327,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is generally a dull olive-brown dorsally, becoming grayish-white below and on limbs. Head is small and rounded, with a virtually hairless face and an off-white circumfacial ruff. There is a low longitudinal crest of upright hairs on the crown (more pronounced in the male), which is formed by a pair of lateral pale whorls. Tail is slender and untufted. Feet are enormous and can equal as much as onethird the length of the entire hindlimb. Thumbs are mere tubercles. Ischial callosities remain separate in both sexes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAEA6773F823FCE6" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAEA6773F823FCE6" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAEA6773F994FD80" bold="true" box="[1459,1571,611,636]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Swamp forest, moist forest, dry semi-deciduous forest, dense regenerating forest, and abandoned farmland. The Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F77E6792F72EFD5F" box="[2087,2201,642,675]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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prefers dense tangled growth in the lower levels of the forest canopy, and it is especially common in swampy riparian forest. It is rarely seen in undisturbed high forest and avoids feeding in the crowns of tall trees and going to the ground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAED6630F807FA6C" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAED6630F807FA6C" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAED6630F90EFCBD" bold="true" box="[1460,1721,800,833]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The diet of the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F8AF6630F7DFFCBD" box="[2038,2152,800,833]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is composed mainly of young leaves from trees and climbing plants. Liana leaves are a year-round staple. Seeds and flowers are also important. In a 1988 study by J. Oates in Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Sierra Leone, a group of Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F82C6686F85FFC4B" box="[1909,2024,918,951]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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were highly selective feeders. The group ate from a small number of uncommon middle canopy trees, from the understory, and from climbers. Their food trees tended to be deciduous or produce large crops of new leaves over a short period of time. Unlike other colobus monkeys, mature leaves were largely ignored. They were eaten in small quantities only toward the end of the dry season when preferred items (young leaves and seeds) were least available. They obtained their year-round staple from young leaves; seeds, flowers, and leaf petioles were important seasonally. In the dry season, availabilities of seeds are higher and young leaves lower. Young leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F89C61C5F7F9FB0E" box="[1989,2126,1237,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia</taxonomicName>
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iworensis (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F78661C5F605FB0E" box="[2271,2482,1237,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F68861C5F585FB0E" box="[2513,2610,1237,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Sapium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sapium</taxonomicName>
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aubreville: (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F97461E9F8B2FAE6" box="[1581,1797,1273,1306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; young leaves and mature leaf petioles), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F6C761E9F643FAE6" box="[2462,2548,1273,1306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
pennata (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FA986034F9F3FABD" box="[1473,1604,1316,1345]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were predominant in the diet. Their preferred leaves tended to have low fiber and tannin levels. Overall 50 plant species were included in the diet. They did not seem to look for or eat small insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAED6086F862F8BD" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAED6086F862F8BD" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAED6086F98CFA4B" bold="true" box="[1460,1595,1430,1463]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Even before the advent of puberty, the female Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F66F6086F61FFA4B" box="[2358,2472,1430,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
begins to exhibit a substantial pink perineal swelling during the periovulatory period; a similar swelling is described for newborns. Females carry conspicuous sexual swellings for c.50% of their menstrual cycle, and this makes them conspicuous to males. Females are strongly proceptive and mate overwhelmingly with the dominant male in a group. Subadult males have a perineal organ. The Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F738634BF763F980" box="[2145,2260,1627,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, to some extent, a seasonal breeder, with a mating season in April-August and births in November-February after a gestation of 150-180 days. A single young is born. Female Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F60B63BAF672F937" box="[2386,2501,1706,1739]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique among Old World monkey mothers in that they carry their newborns dangling from their mouth for the first few weeks. Neonatal pelage resembles that of the adult, but it is slightly lighter and a bit more yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAEA6257F6F7F84B" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAEA6257F6F7F84B" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAEA6257F916F894" bold="true" box="[1459,1697,1863,1896]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F8156257F809F894" box="[1868,1982,1863,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diurnal and almost exclusively arboreal. It is very shy. At Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary, it spent 40% of its day resting, 27% feeding, 25% moving, and 8% engaging in social and other activities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAEC62ADF65EF66C" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAEC62ADF65EF66C" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAEC62ADF7C1F822" bold="true" box="[1461,2166,1981,2014]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Average daily movement has been recorded at 1200 m, with home ranges of 28-58 ha. The Olive Colobuslives in small groups of 5-20 individuals (but usually under ten), with 1-2 adult males and the same number of adult females. Group membership is relatively fluid, with young individuals of both sexes dispersing from their natal groups, although adult females change groups more often than do adult males. The Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F7436D92F73CF75F" box="[2074,2187,2178,2211]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost always found in close association with guenons (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F85E6DA2F8EDF737" box="[1799,1882,2226,2251]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Mona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mona</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F8356DA2F7E9F737" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" box="[1900,2142,2226,2251]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mona">Cercopithecus mona</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Spot-nosed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F6406DA2F600F737" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" box="[2329,2487,2226,2251]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="690" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petaurista">C. petaurista</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Campbell's,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FAE06DCAF9E7F70F" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" box="[1465,1616,2266,2291]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="682" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campbelli">C. campbelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F9C76DCAF946F70F" box="[1694,1777,2266,2291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F8706DCAF8C4F70F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1833,1907,2266,2291]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">diana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, monkeys), and it responds to their alarm calls. These associations with other species are invariable, particularly with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F6576DE9FA6DF6BD" authority="Monkeys. Each Olive" authorityName="Monkeys. Each Olive" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkeys. Each Olive</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FABA6C34F9E3F6BD" box="[1507,1620,2340,2369]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group follows “its”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F8066C34F79EF6BD" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[1887,2089,2340,2369]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
group around, and territorial encounters between groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F9E66C57F823F694" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[1727,1940,2375,2408]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
bring their associated Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F67B6C57F624F694" box="[2338,2451,2375,2408]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
into proximity, resulting in territorial counter-calling by adult males and extragroup matings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAEF6C86F921F495" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAEF6C86F921F495" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAEF6C86F8AFF64B" bold="true" box="[1462,1816,2454,2487]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Olive Colobusis listed as Class A in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is probably declining in numbers because of widespread loss of habitat and hunting for food, especially in the far eastern part of its distribution toward Nigeria. Their cryptic nature and ability to survive in swamps and small forest fragments and to adapt to some anthropogenic disturbance have no doubt enabled them to persist and remain common in at least parts of their range. The Olive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F9F06FA2F8ACF537" box="[1705,1819,2738,2763]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90F8F36FA2F689F537" authority=", Kakum, and Nini-Suhien" authorityName="Kakum, and Nini-Suhien" box="[1962,2366,2738,2763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bia, Kakum, and Nini-Suhien</taxonomicName>
|
||
national parks, Bomfobiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Ankasa Game Reserve, and Sukusuku Reserve in Ghana; Tai Forest National Park in Ivory Coast; Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve and Sapo National Park in Liberia; and Gola Forest Reserves and Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sierra Leone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FAEE6E6CF932F41D" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FAEE6E6CF932F41D" blockId="84.[1458,2668,287,3042]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FAEE6E6CF9E7F46D" bold="true" box="[1463,1616,2940,2961]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Booth (1956b, 1957a), Groves (2001, 2007b), Grubb et al. (2003), Hill (1952), Korstjens & Noé (2004), Korstjens & Schippers (2003), Menzies (1970), Oates (1981, 1988a, 2011), Oates & Whitesides (1990), Oates et al. (1990).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |