367 lines
54 KiB
XML
367 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="58242" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9ef7dab9-46e4-45cd-b783-c32bb3610750" ID-PMC="PMC10398564" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1172-155" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CD2EE59B9D1956F398FE2EAE4C095952" ID-PubMed="37547176" ID-ZooBank="11525B8DBA164EC2A53207DF8F1000EC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1172-155" checkinTime="1690511057590" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aalbu, Rolf L., Kanda, Kojun, Merkl, Otto, Ivie, Michael A. & Johnston, M. Andrew" docDate="2023" docId="CE0889A3AED056F8A637F7DC4102DCFC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1172: 155-202" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1172" docPubDate="2023-07-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149" docTitle="Plastica Aalbu, Kanda, Merkl, Ivie & Johnston, 2023, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="CD2EE59B9D1956F398FE2EAE4C095952" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="CD2EE59B9D1956F398FE2EAE4C095952" masterDocTitle="Reconstitution of some tribes and genera of Lagriinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1732606489500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6F40371C45EAE469C113C40DA957445F">
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<mods:title id="D398052198E3BC5FCC0DFCE97621BE70">Reconstitution of some tribes and genera of Lagriinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB8B0EA2B99C629C432D4660592C00AC">Aalbu, Rolf L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2717CECD01F094BACBAFD7F0A8197E5D">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0D6455BF42B66F9E799713183BB53E00">Kanda, Kojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2BABEA03B416026C9D3FCCCAE70197E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-8471</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD4022FF9337CD2321A090D2C3F85712">USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, c / o Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CBDF7C79C743B05CF59656D093B12C6" type="email">grabulax@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1AF354AC3CE4C7077EC2BED03F15C8CF">Merkl, Otto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B93A580B77DEF02B36707A124BF7410A">Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, Budapest, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C02CD5640BC09E402170196DEA5757A">Ivie, Michael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66F5E546BD74399F0B80B1F7E45A45B4">Montana Entomology Collection, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C3ADC6226E2C1CD98DDEA803DCEB36C">Johnston, M. Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7436F5F0AE9D7633E5A92E07ACA1B095">Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FD3FDF6DC6BC153FE055EAE561283FD4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="13059D68B071CB0526A73E86A992907C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B685A38235C42A145E423DC2B19B1577">2023-07-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="399BF064E814AA8E251A878489928AC5">1172</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="824F5693A998F3C61168835324223496">155</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="54928473B23BE224D67B003953DA3E33">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="19F0A15D37797CE10D9B1B564D78C12E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="73E4C19A9925C6C280E969B653CCBBF8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D96F81CD39B3AF01E65431CB21F7C623" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1172-155</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7E2C743E9D553501B8DF9EDC27798D18" type="ZooBank">11525B8DBA164EC2A53207DF8F1000EC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CE0889A3AED056F8A637F7DC4102DCFC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212421168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE0889A3AED056F8A637F7DC4102DCFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0889A3AED056F8A637F7DC4102DCFC" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" scope_family="Tenebrionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_tribe="Lupropini">
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<subSubSection id="CC5AD9910EF10B526B3C087531A22585" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F54F22E2DA3C68FBEA5E3D66CE2EFCDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
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Subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="7B56AF1129083D2D5EB0F2A715648E45" LSID="CE0889A3-AED0-56F8-A637-F7DC4102DCFC" authorityName="Aalbu & Kanda & Merkl & Ivie & Johnston" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" status="stat. rev." subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina Ardoin, 1961</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6B9AFAC96B4F7396DE676CCF5EB01805" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C071AB29E9DFF64F895CFEC28E2D1E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9E768A16024205002B4DB02E68511925" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
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<figureCitation id="4254FF41721CB0B485284C5E404643F9" captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Lagriini subtribes. 54 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriina 55 Statira pulchella Maeklin, 1864, Statirina 56 Phobelius lucifugus Fairmaire, 1889, Phobeliina 57 Rhosaces clavipes Champion, 1889, Phobeliina. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figs 56</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BB549A8DD1991C276DCEF2F35E487321" captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Lagriini subtribes. 54 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriina 55 Statira pulchella Maeklin, 1864, Statirina 56 Phobelius lucifugus Fairmaire, 1889, Phobeliina 57 Rhosaces clavipes Champion, 1889, Phobeliina. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 57</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CA72E9D6890837DBA775199CCF088C88" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Prosterna of Lagriini. 58 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) 59 Statira gagatina Melsheimer, 1845 60 Phobelius sp. 61 Rhosaces sp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884424" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 60</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="AEF11C0E2C5F08634E68BD2169D72153" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Prosterna of Lagriini. 58 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) 59 Statira gagatina Melsheimer, 1845 60 Phobelius sp. 61 Rhosaces sp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884424" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 61</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="724626525D0AD2D05F4C7C8188388D3E" captionStart="Figures 62–67" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 62 - 67. Defensive gland reservoirs of Lagriinae. 62 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriini: Lagriina 63 Statira sp., Lagriini: Statirina 64 Phobelius sp., Lagriini: Phobeliina 65 Luprops sp., Lupropini 66 Aediotorix sp., Pycnocerini 67 Cardiothorax sp., Adeliini. Abbreviation: dgr = defensive gland reservoir." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures62-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884425" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 64</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D9A1F53B3BCB8F4515203082A552502C" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="type genus">
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<paragraph id="E2D8AAFF1E299AB116983733DBFF59F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Type genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB3F83E8AEA911ADC782084B4DFE26E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="973746E6773DD82ACE160071F1BB7849" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AD2F0B917776D18D450C8CAA9AE012E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Blanchard, 1842.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7228E98A9288116471F560CB9A243AAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="2A84638878030D919993E05B724D1317" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F7A77E876E5181F720B6D8C73EB4D456" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="D927672126F72ACED7D1F8B946EAD1B1" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A220532C7C620375DB2A39919233450E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7704A3AA16016AE55852D5BA2579DA4E" captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Lagriini subtribes. 54 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriina 55 Statira pulchella Maeklin, 1864, Statirina 56 Phobelius lucifugus Fairmaire, 1889, Phobeliina 57 Rhosaces clavipes Champion, 1889, Phobeliina. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">56</figureCitation>
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) contains 13 Neotropical species. The genus was included in the group
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<normalizedToken id="5D6A1331A71EC83DED3B311D7316F971" originalValue="“Phobéliides”">"Phobeliides"</normalizedToken>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="5C6067E2BBA7ACB9C870134C2F9A2CE1" author="Lacordaire, T" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="B82" refString="Lacordaire, T, 1859. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome cinquieme premiere partie. Contenant les familles des Tenebrionides, Cistelides, Nilionides, Pythides, Melandryides, Lagriides, Pedilides, Anthicides, Pyrocroides, Mordellides, Rhipiphorides, Stylopides, Meloides et Oedemerides. Roret, Paris" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome cinquieme premiere partie. Contenant les familles des Tenebrionides, Cistelides, Nilionides, Pythides, Melandryides, Lagriides, Pedilides, Anthicides, Pyrocroides, Mordellides, Rhipiphorides, Stylopides, Meloides et Oedemerides." year="1859">Lacordaire (1859)</bibRefCitation>
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within the tribe
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<normalizedToken id="9D192278353C6DA4EDC1BEFFA5A64C50" originalValue="Hétérotarsides">Heterotarsides</normalizedToken>
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along with
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<taxonomicName id="ECC43A01EA7C3F820C0EE541E22B2F55" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E4B78A5D6A7461850402A5195574F97A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1C1D9A05098E2999A036A316E51F8107" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Anaedus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anaedus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="78EB9DCCDA54380DA9BE42AD63D777EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Anaedus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="C02942C5D6BF5A5CA0A5BA1B9BF6530B" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Luprops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luprops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="41EBA71CF5801992D58FA29A1BC0782A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Luprops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Subsequently,
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<bibRefCitation id="CBD9BBF733E2E0AF94B49A92965F17E4" author="Ardoin, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Academie Malgache" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="31 - 38" refId="B4" refString="Ardoin, P, 1961. Contribution a l'etude des tenebrionides malgaches. Deux nouveaux genres d' Adeliini malgaches. Bulletin de l'Academie Malgache 37: 31 - 38" title="Contribution a l'etude des tenebrionides malgaches. Deux nouveaux genres d' Adeliini malgaches." volume="37" year="1961">Ardoin (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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included
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<taxonomicName id="567C1C4A07DBAB48CBC89B6F07B6F321" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
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as a subtribe of
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<taxonomicName id="5EDE2BDCC19FDC804B6AB3B5E57E622E" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Adeliini">Adeliini</taxonomicName>
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and transferred all genera except
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<taxonomicName id="94EC1AD6B7E2EF3E05368A68C0685B9D" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="278A2BED610D4860C7EEC92495C783BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to other groups.
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<bibRefCitation id="D4990DCF9EB3788BFDA69328D14FD58C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97008" author="Matthews, EG" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="685 - 824" refId="B92" refString="Matthews, EG, 1998. Classification, phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of Adeliini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 12 (5): 685 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97008" title="Classification, phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of Adeliini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97008" volume="12" year="1998">Matthews (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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, in his comprehensive review of
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<taxonomicName id="2496E2F58A167B946E9473C7F75787D4" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Adeliini">Adeliini</taxonomicName>
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, noted that
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<taxonomicName id="8D2B45DA1886A4490F65E9E868C956E1" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D8C408CF25C076DC2462189ED699AA45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibits characters consistent with
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<taxonomicName id="B62F46FB4213B3158D2C8AAF0C0EFB5C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
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and that the only difference between
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<taxonomicName id="2D2FB2FB51C37F4BF2034885A2D2E73C" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E24D1546ABC1B36D16EC49EE7705537" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other members of the tribe was that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD2DA627670F5ADC5476E08D567DE326" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C607DD2ABA324627429CD8D13EEA5F82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not have the elongate terminal antennomere typically found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FEF9DF0F755DA33092CDD9794C73A1A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Matthews further concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E71266628F5A12F4427BC9201A2DF4F5" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A1DD0FD375A26BA6F40A6890D90B92D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be included in a third subtribe (separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10003897331DA73E76532B82031A6276" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70976479545EFDE5BC79D5D3EA9A1955" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="155ABEE3A524BDBB1EEA482053736CEB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, subsequent catalogus did not follow
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3152FA04A9CC2954DFD68FA21E2D74E2" originalValue="Matthews’">Matthews'</normalizedToken>
|
||
assessment, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B53817C8AAB0DEF0C1A87860A598AAA" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E5587024EEBDC695054F8B7824D57E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently included within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D46CAC34327B1278DE6EA9CB974E9565" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1859" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Goniaderini">Goniaderini</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70A98A03E39D1218195F2E562C4F1AA7" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
|
||
similarly synonymized under this tribe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="560B3D606B229194E6AA5F8954206979" author="Bouchard, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="499 - 530" publicationUrl="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/miiz/annales/2005/00000055/00000004/art00001" refId="B13" refString="Bouchard, P, Lawrence, JF, Davies, A, Newton, AF, 2005. Synoptic classification of the world Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with a review of family-group names. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 55: 499 - 530, https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/miiz/annales/2005/00000055/00000004/art00001" title="Synoptic classification of the world Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with a review of family-group names." url="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/miiz/annales/2005/00000055/00000004/art00001" volume="55" year="2005">Bouchard et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1C9FA1C26A607018EC1B754CEB303367" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" author="Bouchard, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 972" refId="B14" refString="Bouchard, P, Bousquet, Y, Davies, AE, Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Lawrence, JF, Lyal, CHC, Newton, AF, Reid, CAM, Schmitt, M, Ślipinski, SA, Smith, ABT, 2011. Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 88: 1 - 972, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" title="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" volume="88" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC489B1EECF84172D51F2D6C8B5A4238" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" author="Bouchard, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 633" refId="B15" refString="Bouchard, P, Bousquet, Y, Aalbu, RL, Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Merkl, O, Davies, AE, 2021. Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera). ZooKeys 1050: 1 - 633, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" title="Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" volume="1050" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7285C7C0600B5EB8447CA1B22E120EEC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 455" refId="B18" refString="Bousquet, Y, Thomas, DB, Bouchard, P, Smith, AD, Aalbu, RL, Johnston, MA, Steiner Jr, WE, 2018. Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America. ZooKeys 728: 1 - 455, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602" title="Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602" volume="728" year="2018">Bousquet et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE9BE7D4746BC61422F966D54E64C13B" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
In molecular phylogenetic studies that included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="242C0119E5ED01CA951DC7A0D8F476A7" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34A76F7BFBFFF2BEEDD4C3EAC75F95C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="90278F942B1845D7DC4048FD000D607A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143929" author="Kanda, K" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="B64" refString="Kanda, K, Pflug, JM, Sproul, JS, Dasenko, MA, Maddison, DR, 2015. Successful recovery of nuclear protein-coding genes from small insects in museums using illumina sequencing. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0143929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143929" title="Successful recovery of nuclear protein-coding genes from small insects in museums using illumina sequencing. PLoS ONE 10 (12): e 0143929." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143929" year="2015">Kanda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6164D9DCBBB93641E2CBFF07663320B9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.13575" author="Aalbu, RL" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="135 - 149" refId="B1" refString="Aalbu, RL, Kanda, K, Smith, AD, 2017. Reinstatement of Eschatoporini Blaisdell, 1906, a unique tribe of blind cavernicolous Tenebrionidae from California, with a new species from Napa County (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriinae). ZooKeys 688: 135 - 149, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.13575" title="Reinstatement of Eschatoporini Blaisdell, 1906, a unique tribe of blind cavernicolous Tenebrionidae from California, with a new species from Napa County (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.688.13575" volume="688" year="2017">Aalbu et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the genus was recovered in a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA6D1EE4B2010F6EC8E860D4CF86BBCA" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1F3385698C53598CF601D38D416E234" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogeny of Lagriinae from Aalbu et al. (2017) with revised generic names, tribal classification, and diagnostic morphological characters. Prev [ious]. Tribal Placement: COS = Cossyphini, BEL = Belopini, ADE = Adeliini, LAG = Lagriini, CHA = Chaerodini, LUP = Lupropini, GON = Goniaderini, PYC = Pycnocerini, LAE = Laenini. Defensive glands: location and number of abdominal defensive gland reservoirs: 8 / 9, paired = a pair of gland reservoirs with openings between abdominal sternites 8 and 9; 7 / 8, paired = a pair of gland reservoirs with openings between abdominal sternites 7 and 8; 7 / 8, single = single gland reservoir with opening between abdominal sternites VII and VIII. Mesocox [al]. Closure: Closed = lateral arms of meso- and metaventrites touching laterad of mesocoxa; Open = lateral arms not touching." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884412" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), supporting
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CFEFD12CEE6896155DA7A2F9E3386E6B" originalValue="Matthews’">Matthews'</normalizedToken>
|
||
conclusion.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA281F742990B4DE6F3560AEAC36DB28" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E7CDF0656E8C69B0ACEA62121D705B9" captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Lagriini subtribes. 54 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriina 55 Statira pulchella Maeklin, 1864, Statirina 56 Phobelius lucifugus Fairmaire, 1889, Phobeliina 57 Rhosaces clavipes Champion, 1889, Phobeliina. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">54-57</figureCitation>
|
||
) can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D181FF6131BD4751BC5906232F72F3A1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lagriinae">Lagriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: presence of abdominal defensive glands that open between abdominal sternites VII and VIII; pronotum with lateral margins absent or weakly impressed; antennae usually with terminal antennomeres elongate. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE9F2C22170DF7751722C76C5B7E26A" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AEDD015382410E893E78BEA218B786E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have elongate terminal antennomeres, they do have abdominal defensive glands and lack lateral pronotal margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68C19911D7A0500077A0E6360DEEC5AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
Before this study, two subtribes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="836A8DCE33B88E299FE5469D8F79AA2A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recognized,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C41DEB4AF6013C63FD3F2D444E81D2D0" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC5BFB1651DFC612B8900E88139AB22" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two subtribes can be distinguished based on differences in the prothorax. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F86DF926B9A30DBC06F718EF5C7C9F7F" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lobes of the hypomera meet behind the procoxae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C532643DC93FDB26A2D98C94708A0FF8" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Prosterna of Lagriini. 58 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) 59 Statira gagatina Melsheimer, 1845 60 Phobelius sp. 61 Rhosaces sp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884424" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">58</figureCitation>
|
||
) and, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAAFB8DBEA6633E7074106D112556D56" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lobes of the hypomera do not meet and are separated by the prosternum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1579758497D501BE0631851CD933A846" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Prosterna of Lagriini. 58 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) 59 Statira gagatina Melsheimer, 1845 60 Phobelius sp. 61 Rhosaces sp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884424" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">59</figureCitation>
|
||
). The prosternal process in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="590BC7B2A049B312F274E95501C4DA15" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thin and recessed between strongly projecting procoxae, sometimes resulting in the procoxal cavities appearing to be contiguous. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BB1999FA8B65548501DFD9D06CB99A8" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the prosternal process forms a complete strip of cuticle, approximately
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B636B72F40FE13795C120A975B7CD5D" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the procoxa, and clearly separates the coxae throughout their entire length. In addition to prothoracic characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1551B17098F833A58033ADBF524C4A31" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to be broader bodied while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E187398F4EB1F73915A5654A67C61678" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to be more slender. The elongation of the terminal antennomere tends to be much more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C32C464C0CE78E341CC975456804BFE2" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48E785CFB3D011162589D8DBEB6B6722" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
the terminal antennomere is nearly the same length as the penultimate antennomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C731FEECDE98DD16E6AD33041C12621" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3A4EB8D872F1E484090D4617AD44384" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97008" author="Matthews, EG" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="685 - 824" refId="B92" refString="Matthews, EG, 1998. Classification, phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of Adeliini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 12 (5): 685 - 824, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97008" title="Classification, phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of Adeliini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97008" volume="12" year="1998">Matthews (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD458F2E8B1E8C4B7D5722140F5721DD" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D7C62C34B4D1DDA3187D33380833016" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not neatly fit within either of the two subtribes. Its prothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7917949D45D64C84C6D54D73F9AEBCDA" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Prosterna of Lagriini. 58 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) 59 Statira gagatina Melsheimer, 1845 60 Phobelius sp. 61 Rhosaces sp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884424" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">60</figureCitation>
|
||
) resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF40A8045C711079FBAD64E06D4DC458" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the lobes of the hypomera do not meet posterior to the coxae and the prosternal process is wide and not recessed as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15FE4F579E5863B1C3CECB67E2F28F64" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The stout body (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD7F2C40EA66B4519F7DE39CA279E288" captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Lagriini subtribes. 54 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriina 55 Statira pulchella Maeklin, 1864, Statirina 56 Phobelius lucifugus Fairmaire, 1889, Phobeliina 57 Rhosaces clavipes Champion, 1889, Phobeliina. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">56</figureCitation>
|
||
) is more like body forms seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D217B65CC2B63A5286CBC7A3A3487C03" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The terminal antennomere is also not particularly elongate in either males or females, at most only 1.5 times longer than the preceding one. The shape of the abdominal defensive gland reservoirs differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1FF675BEC8F0278FBAD41AF527E5136" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB6E4A806C90918BAE271C3389D946C2" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A33C1D95ABCA49A6721D8C1157EDA8E" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C639E8B9757CD39B5F4037E06646646" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the gland reservoirs are large and conical, with wide openings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="972B5341A533D45078FF117911609151" captionStart="Figures 62–67" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 62 - 67. Defensive gland reservoirs of Lagriinae. 62 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriini: Lagriina 63 Statira sp., Lagriini: Statirina 64 Phobelius sp., Lagriini: Phobeliina 65 Luprops sp., Lupropini 66 Aediotorix sp., Pycnocerini 67 Cardiothorax sp., Adeliini. Abbreviation: dgr = defensive gland reservoir." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures62-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884425" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">64</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED8342C97B3BBC32E12206DED03E9498" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C7C7EE8171433F81B711151A5027B76" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the gland reservoirs are small, sometimes inconspicuous, and are widely separated (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="86B3527FEDF86BADE0ADA1FC68158659" captionStart="Figures 62–67" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 62 - 67. Defensive gland reservoirs of Lagriinae. 62 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriini: Lagriina 63 Statira sp., Lagriini: Statirina 64 Phobelius sp., Lagriini: Phobeliina 65 Luprops sp., Lupropini 66 Aediotorix sp., Pycnocerini 67 Cardiothorax sp., Adeliini. Abbreviation: dgr = defensive gland reservoir." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures62-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884425" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">62</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="398153CA3B61C45BC3794E995E7DF808" captionStart="Figures 62–67" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 62 - 67. Defensive gland reservoirs of Lagriinae. 62 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriini: Lagriina 63 Statira sp., Lagriini: Statirina 64 Phobelius sp., Lagriini: Phobeliina 65 Luprops sp., Lupropini 66 Aediotorix sp., Pycnocerini 67 Cardiothorax sp., Adeliini. Abbreviation: dgr = defensive gland reservoir." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures62-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884425" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">63</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="114A90E8A060AB454945AB098492CB78" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
We reinstate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2644872DC43ACB24C9705094284811C" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ardoin, 1961 as a valid subtribe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="340B5A405A1141C18C15DA31D0E940B0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
based upon the previous molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological discussion presented above. We propose the following diagnosis of this lineage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10F6B8212359FFF0853BA75A0DAAF017" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: body form stout; antennomeres stout, terminal antennomere not distinctly elongated in either sex; pronotum lacking lateral margin; procoxae separated by distinct prosternal process; hypomera extending mesally behind procoxae and both joined to prosternal process, not meeting each other; mesocoxae open; paired defensive glands present between abdominal sternites VII and VIII, glands large, conical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29875D5D225118FA901DB8E95601E2A2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" start="Figures 54–57" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="CED8C1F805F4922737355A1A0DB59F36" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B05F64556DDC7F0E0329E488BCF92B16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figures 54-57.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="650ECB7979DF4BE6ADFDEB3B17F884FA" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="tribe" tribe="Lagriini">Lagriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
subtribes.
|
||
<emphasis id="5E65FBCED4DA9C9D647D490B3E35F6D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">54</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D47EB3D66A2D5A3C5996B89FDD9D2BE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Lagria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lagria villosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3514873D784105CD2848FDF56D228CAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Lagria villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1781),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CD7AB5ABBCCABCF2F3E7996AB1FEB8" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="90C60343C6AE22FB9FE99098BDA1C21A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">55</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6034BA4B789531D149E76FDCE7802FF" authorityName="Mäklin" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Statira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Statira pulchella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3D6E36832132AA8EDB6A631BF3BEB3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Statira pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D0A0781AC0719BBF9C77792E32F5798C" originalValue="Mäklin">Maeklin</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1864,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FD441A2802DB05F6D450A12124367B1" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="23C299894F3F2CD24CB2DC774CE31C08" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">56</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A0172C69477E8EFA6B3CEAB5C2FCBD" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius lucifugus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucifugus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0DE3B5D8205ED962BA773A921A9AFB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius lucifugus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fairmaire, 1889,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="858E4C0B27406D8215D8773CB8562541" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3A75D0314FB300610790FCC7C0EA9401" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">57</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA30A961DA9E7424269C5336D387CDC" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Rhosaces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhosaces clavipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="328B8AFCC41D0167106E9B22FC687828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Rhosaces clavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1889,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A1C50D7C47E5F5E76F29CD34D97C9F5" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A64BB5A7CCB3DB52A88631236F3EF1DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
Based upon our updated recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="808012C2246945B4760311AC1145CB85" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we also tentatively include within it the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E9AF04803AC6C8E0BFBDE757E0B931" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Rhosaces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhosaces" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E777284819D50AB77F441570FE3D2F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Rhosaces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1889 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="A44C261ED844D449522DF49FC7D8534B" captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Lagriini subtribes. 54 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781), Lagriina 55 Statira pulchella Maeklin, 1864, Statirina 56 Phobelius lucifugus Fairmaire, 1889, Phobeliina 57 Rhosaces clavipes Champion, 1889, Phobeliina. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884423" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E883E83DFBCED7EC6D32CC74C4358CF" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Prosterna of Lagriini. 58 Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) 59 Statira gagatina Melsheimer, 1845 60 Phobelius sp. 61 Rhosaces sp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884424" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">61</figureCitation>
|
||
). This monotypic genus was erected for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96228D36B7251593396F6E37E1169AEC" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Rhosaces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhosaces clavipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="02B0C3ECDB04D3BF88DA5BE0DB5E900B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Rhosaces clavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1889 and placed within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="146F29BE8BB3EE889468E8DD02565D20" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Statirina">Statirina</taxonomicName>
|
||
where it has been treated ever since (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F63378F3992D578537B4D378BB5CE83C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="343 - 550" refId="B10" refString="Blackwelder, RE, 1945. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 3. Smithsonian Institution. Bulletin - United States National Museum 185: 343 - 550, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 3. Smithsonian Institution." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3" volume="185" year="1945">Blackwelder 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4517EA6C3B254A7524104B3F33E765B8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 455" refId="B18" refString="Bousquet, Y, Thomas, DB, Bouchard, P, Smith, AD, Aalbu, RL, Johnston, MA, Steiner Jr, WE, 2018. Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America. ZooKeys 728: 1 - 455, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602" title="Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602" volume="728" year="2018">Bousquet et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="201097FE6AA85774267F19921B3B813E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" author="Bouchard, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 633" refId="B15" refString="Bouchard, P, Bousquet, Y, Aalbu, RL, Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Merkl, O, Davies, AE, 2021. Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera). ZooKeys 1050: 1 - 633, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" title="Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" volume="1050" year="2021">Bouchard et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="90F912B6C2495B7EDEB7390FE3C69018" author="Champion, GC" editor="Godman, FD" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B28" refString="Champion, GC, 1889. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. IV. Part 2. Heteromera (part). In: Godman, FD, Salvin, O, Eds., Biologia Centrali-Americana. Taylor & Francis, London: 1 - 96" title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. IV. Part 2. Heteromera (part)." volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana." year="1889">Champion (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out the strong differences in antennae (lacking an elongate terminal antennomere), a short epistoma, and a broadly rounded intercoxal process of the abdomen. All of the characters mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0415FA2CCB6161F59831DD4FC485191" author="Champion, GC" editor="Godman, FD" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B28" refString="Champion, GC, 1889. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. IV. Part 2. Heteromera (part). In: Godman, FD, Salvin, O, Eds., Biologia Centrali-Americana. Taylor & Francis, London: 1 - 96" title="Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. IV. Part 2. Heteromera (part)." volumeTitle="Biologia Centrali-Americana." year="1889">Champion (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05DDC46DAD198D7B381F5D4ECC88829C" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phobelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phobelius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C9BE9CBD36CEBA46DF459833F9478F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phobelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the defensive glands, mesocoxal openings, and prothoracic characters similarly seem to unite these two genera. It is clear that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7969795818AADE2E271F8EC7DDB35D7A" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Rhosaces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhosaces" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BEF31C0BB8223934B67C222AA53891B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Rhosaces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not fit within our concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3FD41A4F71499F5F7365665695F7C5E" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Lagriina">Lagriina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it does adhere to our diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E3274FE80FBEC8392281B1E5D4568E6" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Phobeliina">Phobeliina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we look forward to future phylogenetic investigations that can more rigorously test the monophyly of this assemblage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |