treatments-xml/data/CE/07/06/CE070648FFD8E56ACFAEFD2E184FB01B.xml

<document id="920327ABE0D3C2EFA54F5A55F453210D" ID-CLB-Dataset="25580" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2019v741a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b6c18a6-d29a-444f-a849-7a6eea05c2d7" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3404226" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1568148190478" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chautems, Alain, Valquíria F. Dutra,, Fontana, André P., Peixoto, Mauro, Perret, Mathieu &amp; Rossini, Josiene" docDate="2019" docId="CE070648FFD8E56ACFAEFD2E184FB01B" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.74.1.33-42.pdf" docOrigin="Candollea 74 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B.3:Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B" docStyleName="Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Sinningia stapelioides Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto 2019, spec. nova" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="323E7E30FFDEE562CF26FFBE1C53B21B" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698754879933" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9EE913FCD1D5A511A8CFCB0D06E9CDF4">Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37AAF0B4F4420EAD00E6F2B110A8A87E">Chautems, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="566827BE9ABE48BDD3FB011B713889F1">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, C. P. 71, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AAC366C25012521E16C57DE539F5C008">Valquíria F. Dutra,</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FCCFC477BB299094DA5C5D62486176DF">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciencias Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 CCHN / Setor de Botânica, Goiabeiras, 29075910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C062BEF9599422E62917DE2B74A237C">Fontana, André P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BC396E603C2744AA5EEB73D803B02FE9">Núcleo de Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental / NEMA, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco / UNIVASF. Campus de Ciências Agrárias, BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543, Distrtito de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho, Zona Rural, 56300 - 990 Petrolina-PE, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4920A98358C4D687F8DABC3B5997E0DC">Peixoto, Mauro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="78A2607E582F2402B6C43DD81F1C2740">Jardim Botânico Plantarum, Av. Brasil 2000, 13460 - 000 Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="75435FB5D1EE83C23BEC4EBB93B5BACF">Perret, Mathieu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="63E7549EF2B3B39AA35436A04C080B9B">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, C. P. 71, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ED60BC52EF417DD12A4E96C3C2C0DE8C">Rossini, Josiene</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="672588C35DF7F7664560149DBE45E155">Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Av. José Ruschi 4, 29650 - 000 Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CFAEFD2E1EC3B0B3" ID-CoL="4XKJK" authority="statusLabel" authorityName="Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto" authorityYear="2019" box="[136,656,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stapelioides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFAEFD2E1D25B0BC" bold="true" box="[136,374,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Sinningia stapelioides</emphasis>
Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto
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, 
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(
<figureCitation id="DE95ABDBFFD8E564CFB6FD0E1CB6B0D3" box="[144,229,688,712]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,164,1475,1494]" captionTargetBox="[136,1474,276,1452]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. – Photographs of Sinningia Nees. A. Sinningia flammea Chautems &amp; Rossini; B–C. Sinningia hoehnei Chautems, A.P. Fontana &amp; Rossini; D. Sinningia stapelioides Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto. [Pictures: A–C: A. P. Fontana; D: M. Peixoto]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3404230/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DE95ABDBFFD8E564CFD6FD0E1CADB0D3" box="[240,254,688,712]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,141,1864,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1311,437,1608]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. – Sinningia stapelioides Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto. A. Habit, leaf stage; B. Habit, flowering stage; C. Frontal view of corolla; D. Longitudinal cut of corolla showing androecium and gynoecium; E. Lateral view of corolla; F. Dorsal surface of anthers; G. Ovary and nectary, corolla removed; H. Schematic arrangement of the nectary glands; I. Calyx, ovary and style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3404236/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation>
).
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<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD8E564CF88FD641CAFB149" blockId="6.[136,787,655,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation id="F6C6BD03FFD8E564CF88FD641EECB129" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3461733305" collectingDate="2012-01-17" collectionCode="VIES" collectorName="A. Chautems" country="Brazil" location="Pedra da Agulha" municipality="Pancas" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
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: [
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. 
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]:
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, 
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, 
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, fl., 
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<collectorName id="EB5BD288FFD8E564CE91FCA51E6BB129" box="[439,568,794,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">A. Chautems</collectorName>
555
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(
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!;
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<materialsCitation id="F6C6BD03FFD8E564CDE0FCA41CABB149" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3461733302" collectingDate="2012-01-17" collectionCode="G" collectorName="da Agulha &amp; A. Chautems" country="Brazil" location="Pedra da Agulha" municipality="Pancas" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="991509FCFFD8E564CDE0FCA41EA2B129" box="[710,753,794,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="isotype">iso-</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="20BF2F9BFFD8E564CDDAFCA41F41B129" box="[764,786,794,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">G</collectionCode>
spirit!)
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.
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<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CF88FCDB1DCEB6A6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CF88FCDB1E49B166" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[174,538,869,893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="stapelioides" subSpecies="resembles">Sinningia stapelioides resembles</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CD05FCDB1D45B186" authority="catalog+fontStyle" authorityName="Chautems" baseAuthorityName="Malme" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">S. defoliata (Malme) Chautems</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CE07FC3B1E3CB186" authority="catalog+fontStyle" authorityName="Chautems &amp; Rossini" box="[289,623,901,925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helioana">S. helioana Chautems &amp; Rossini</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CD85FC3B1DC3B1A6" authority="catalog+fontStyle" authorityName="H. E. Moore" baseAuthorityName="Mart." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosa">S. tuberosa (Mart.) H.E. Moore</taxonomicName>
in having inflorescences and leaves arising separately and successively from the tuber with rarely more than one leaf blade produced by a petiole-like stem. It differs however by a pauciflorous inflorescence with distinctive flowers having a large (
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) tubular-campanulate corolla, dull red orange outside with a peculiar throat that is greenishcream with a dense network of vinaceous streaks that extends on the inner face of the lobes (vs long, up to 
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, tubular and bright red corollas).
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<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFAEFB5B1CE9B6E6" box="[136,186,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Herb</emphasis>
, arising from perennial tuber, saxicolous; tuber spheroidal, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CFAEFABB1CB5B706" box="[136,230,1284,1309]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4–12 cm</quantity>
in diam., leaves and inflorescences produced separately and successively, 1- rarely 2-petiole-like stems, obliquely arising from the tuber upper surface, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CD3FFAFB1E26B746" box="[537,629,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4–12 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CD91FAFB1F41B746" box="[695,786,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
in diam., vinaceous, pubescent, blade attachment swollen abaxially, 1–2 pairs of linear-lanceolate bracts just below blade insertion. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CC84FEA51FB4B329" box="[930,999,283,306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Leaves</emphasis>
forming an angle of nearly 90° with the petiole-like stem, usually reduced to one large blade at maturity (during first growing cycle from seed seedlings produce 2–3 pairs of opposite leaves, followed on subsequent growing cycles from tuber by a phase with a second and small leaf blade, 
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long, produced in opposite position), ovate (3–)9–24 (– 36) × (1–)4–11(– 18) cm, apex acute-acuminate, base shortly attenuate to truncate, green above, green or reddish beneath, finely puberulous-velutinous, margin slightly crenate, 10–15 pairs of veins. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CCF6FD841800B049" box="[976,1107,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Inflorescences</emphasis>
organized in well-developed pairflowered cymes of 1–3 flowers borne on a peduncle, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CA54FDE41991B069" box="[1394,1474,601,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CC54FDC41F99B089" box="[882,970,633,658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
in diam., greenish to vinaceous, emerging from 1–2 points of the tuber upper surface, bracts linear, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CA4EFD241991B0A9" box="[1384,1474,665,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CC57FD041F92B0C9" box="[881,961,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Flowers</emphasis>
nodding, borne on pedicels, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CBC9FD04196EB0C9" box="[1263,1341,697,722]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
long, greenish to vinaceous, puberulous. 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CB49FD6418F8B0E9" authority="catalogs" box="[1135,1195,730,754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Calyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CB49FD6418F8B0E9" box="[1135,1195,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Calyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
campanulate, sepals fused at base for 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CC93FD441847B109" box="[949,1044,761,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2– 3 mm</quantity>
, narrowly triangular, 13–15 × 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CA79FD4419ECB109" box="[1375,1471,761,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6– 7 mm</quantity>
, wide at base, greenish to reddish, margin entire, puberulous. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CC1EFC841FD5B149" box="[824,902,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Corolla</emphasis>
slightly oblique in the 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CBA8FC841894B149" authority="document" box="[1166,1223,826,850]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Calyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">calyx</taxonomicName>
, tubular, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CA09FC8419D7B149" box="[1327,1412,825,850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5– 6 cm</quantity>
long, nectary chamber composed of 5 swellings, green, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CA7EFCE41991B169" box="[1368,1474,857,882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
wide at base, tube enlarged then towards the middle reaching 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CC42FC241F8EB1A9" box="[868,989,921,946]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16–20 mm</quantity>
in diam., vinaceous in bud, dull red orange outside (RHS color chart # 35 B-C) at maturity, puberulous with simple and glandular trichomes, lobes 9–10 × 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CA6AFC6419ECB1E9" box="[1356,1471,985,1010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 mm</quantity>
, throat cream to greenish towards bottom, lobes spreading with a network of vinaceous streaks and dots on inner face. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CA49FBA51991B629" box="[1391,1474,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Stamens</emphasis>
4, included, filaments ca. 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CB6CFB8418CBB649" box="[1098,1176,1082,1106]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
, greenish, glabrous, anthers coherent, star-shaped, pollen cream; nectary formed of five glands, equals in size, greenish; ovary vinaceous, style included, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CC1EFB241FE4B6A9" box="[824,951,1177,1202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40– 50 mm</quantity>
long, vinaceous, puberulent, stigma greenish. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CC1EFB051F3CB6C9" box="[824,879,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fruit</emphasis>
a capsule, subulate at the apex, dark brown at maturity, 14–18 × 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CCB6FB641FA6B6E9" box="[912,1013,1241,1266]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
, seeds ellipsoid, 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD8E564CB85FB6518AFB6E9" box="[1187,1276,1241,1266]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD8E564CC78FAA418D4B769" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD8E564CC78FAA418D4B769" blockId="6.[824,1474,1306,1395]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CC78FAA41F9AB729" box="[862,969,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Etymology</emphasis>
. – The specific epithet refers to the color pattern of the corolla that resembles flowers of some members of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CC5AFAE41F9EB769" authority="catalogs" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[892,973,1370,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stapelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CC5AFAE41F9EB769" box="[892,973,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Stapelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CCD4FAE518D4B769" box="[1010,1159,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
(
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CCDEFAE51828B769" authority="catalogs" box="[1016,1147,1371,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD8E564CFAEFA711D01B7E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="multiple">
<caption id="12D1E7D6FFD8E564CFAEFA711D01B7E0" ID-Table-UUID="12D1E7D6FFD8E564CFAEFA711D01B7E0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12D1E7D6FFD8E564CFAEFA711D01B7E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" startId="6.[136,183,1487,1506]" targetBox="[144,1403,1558,1942]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD8E564CFAEFA711D01B7E0" blockId="6.[136,1442,1487,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFAEFA711C8EB7F9" bold="true" box="[136,221,1487,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Table 1. –</emphasis>
Comparisons of morphological characters for 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CDA0FA711830B7F9" authority="statusLabelOccurrence" authorityName="Chautems, A. P. Fontana &amp; Rossini" box="[646,1123,1487,1506]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hoehnei">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CDA0FA711F7BB7F9" box="[646,808,1487,1506]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Sinningia hoehnei</emphasis>
Chautems, A.P. Fontana &amp; Rossini
</taxonomicName>
and the related species 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CA62FA711902B7F9" box="[1348,1361,1487,1506]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">S</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CA7DFA711D01B7E0" authority="document" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata (Mart.) Benth. &amp; Hook.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD8E564CFB6F9A818C1B58E" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<table id="34AE45FEFFD81A9DCFB6F9A81928B58D" box="[144,1403,1558,1942]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F9A81928B430" box="[144,1403,1558,1579]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F9A81D10B430" box="[144,323,1558,1579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F9A81CA6B431" bold="true" box="[144,245,1558,1578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F9A81FC8B430" box="[403,923,1558,1579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CEB5F9A81DA0B430" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[403,499,1558,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hoehnei">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CEB5F9A81DA0B430" bold="true" box="[403,499,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">S. hoehnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F9A81928B430" box="[960,1403,1558,1579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD8E564CCE6F9A8184DB430" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[960,1054,1558,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbata">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CCE6F9A8184DB430" bold="true" box="[960,1054,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">S. barbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F9FD1928B443" box="[144,1403,1603,1624]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F9FD1D10B443" box="[144,323,1603,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F9FA1D7FB443" bold="true" box="[144,300,1604,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Plant height [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F9FD1FC8B443" box="[403,923,1603,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">25–40</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F9FD1928B443" box="[960,1403,1603,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">40 –70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F9CF1928B49D" box="[144,1403,1649,1670]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F9CF1D10B49D" box="[144,323,1649,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F9CC1D7EB49D" bold="true" box="[144,301,1650,1670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Leaf blade shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F9CF1FC8B49D" box="[403,923,1649,1670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">ovate</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F9CF1928B49D" box="[960,1403,1649,1670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">elliptic to obovate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F9231928B4A8" box="[144,1403,1693,1715]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F9231D10B4A8" box="[144,323,1693,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F9211D44B4A8" bold="true" box="[144,279,1695,1715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Inflorescences</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F9231FC8B4A8" box="[403,923,1693,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">1 flower in the axils of the 2–3 large and upper leaf pairs</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F9231928B4A8" box="[960,1403,1693,1715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">1–3 flowers in the axils of leaf pairs near the apex</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F9751928B4FB" box="[144,1403,1739,1760]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F9751D10B4FB" box="[144,323,1739,1760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F9721D13B4FB" bold="true" box="[144,320,1740,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Pedicel length [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F9751FC8B4FB" box="[403,923,1739,1760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">1.5–3</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F9751928B4FB" box="[960,1403,1739,1760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">5–8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F9471928B515" box="[144,1403,1785,1806]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F9471D10B515" box="[144,323,1785,1806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F9441D7DB515" bold="true" box="[144,302,1786,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Pedicel indument</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F9471FC8B515" box="[403,923,1785,1806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">puberulous</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F9471928B515" box="[960,1403,1785,1806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F8981928B520" box="[144,1403,1830,1851]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F8981D10B520" box="[144,323,1830,1851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F8981D10B520" bold="true" box="[144,323,1830,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Corolla throat color</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F8981FC8B520" box="[403,923,1830,1851]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">yellow with fine vinaceous streaks in the ventral part</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F8981928B520" box="[960,1403,1830,1851]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">white, including the ventral part</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F8EA1928B573" box="[144,1403,1876,1896]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F8EA1D10B573" box="[144,323,1876,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F8EA1D6EB573" bold="true" box="[144,317,1876,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Corolla lobes color</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F8EA1FC8B573" box="[403,923,1876,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">ventral lobe pale purple, lateral lobes purplish around base</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F8EA1928B573" box="[960,1403,1876,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">white lobe or with vinaceous scoring</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F89EB51CFFD81A9DCFB6F83F1928B58D" box="[144,1403,1921,1942]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<th id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCFB6F83F1D10B58D" box="[144,323,1921,1942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD8E564CFB6F83C1C8BB58D" bold="true" box="[144,216,1922,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Anthers</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCEB5F83F1FC8B58D" box="[403,923,1921,1942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">coherent forming a rectangle</td>
<td id="BB4FDC60FFD81A9DCCE6F83F1928B58D" box="[960,1403,1921,1942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">coherent forming a disc</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="12D1E7D6FFD9E565CF57F8F61D97B5BC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3404236/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[259,1303,454,1598]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD9E565CF57F8F61D97B5BC" blockId="7.[113,1433,1864,1959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CF57F8F61CE6B540" bold="true" box="[113,181,1864,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5. –</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD9E565CF9CF8F61EE3B540" authority="statusLabelOccurrence" box="[186,688,1864,1883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stapelioides">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CF9CF8F61DD1B540" box="[186,386,1864,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Sinningia stapelioides</emphasis>
Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto. 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CD41F8F61E2AB540" bold="true" box="[615,633,1864,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A.</emphasis>
Habit
</taxonomicName>
, leaf stage; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CC3BF8F61F7DB540" bold="true" box="[797,814,1864,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">B.</emphasis>
Habit, flowering stage; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CB22F8F61845B540" bold="true" box="[1028,1046,1864,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">C.</emphasis>
Frontal view of corolla; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CBC9F8F61952B540" bold="true" box="[1263,1281,1864,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">D.</emphasis>
Longitudinal cut of corolla showing androecium and gynoecium; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CD03F8DF1E65B56F" bold="true" box="[549,566,1889,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E.</emphasis>
Lateral view of corolla; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CC28F8DF1F4DB56F" bold="true" box="[782,798,1889,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">F.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of anthers; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CB33F8DF1874B56F" bold="true" box="[1045,1063,1889,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">G.</emphasis>
Ovary and nectary, corolla removed; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CF57F8C41CD7B596" bold="true" box="[113,132,1914,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">H.</emphasis>
Schematic arrangement of the nectary glands; 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CD10F8C41E13B596" bold="true" box="[566,576,1914,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD9E565CD60F8C41E29B596" authority="document" box="[582,634,1914,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Calyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Calyx</taxonomicName>
, ovary and style. [
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD9E565CF51F82A1CAEB5BC" box="[119,253,1940,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Chautems 555</emphasis>
, G] [Drawing: G. Loza]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD6E56ACF88FEA41D33B049" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACF88FEA41D33B049" blockId="8.[136,787,282,594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACF88FEA41DE1B329" box="[174,434,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
. – Only known so far from the 
<typeStatus id="991509FCFFD6E56ACFAEFE851CE5B348" box="[136,182,315,339]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
locality in the region of the “Pontões Capixabas”, an area classified as National Monument around the small town of Pancas, in the northern part of the state of 
<collectingRegion id="846A79BCFFD6E56ACD4DFEC41F5DB389" box="[619,782,378,402]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="3EB9F7CEFFD6E56ACFAEFE241C99B3A9" box="[136,202,410,434]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="DE95ABDBFFD6E56ACFFCFE241D49B3A9" box="[218,282,410,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[801,829,1207,1226]" captionTargetBox="[801,1450,276,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[801,1451,276,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. – Distribution map of Sinningia flammea Chautems &amp; Rossini (triangles), S. hoehnei Chautems, A.P. Fontana &amp; Rossini (squares) and S. stapelioides Chautems &amp; M. Peixoto (star)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3404228/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The area is famous for large rock inselbergs, some reaching several hundred meters in height. A few tubers were observed growing on a vertical side of a granite block measuring ca. 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD6E56ACE06FE441D14B009" box="[288,327,506,530]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
in height in shady situation, not far from a forested fragment partially converted to cocoa trees cultivation, within a small farm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD6E56ACF88FDC41E18B0C9" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACF88FDC41E18B0C9" blockId="8.[136,787,634,722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACF88FDC41D47B089" box="[174,276,634,658]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Phenology</emphasis>
. – Flowers observed in August (in cultivation in 
<collectingCountry id="3EB9F7CEFFD6E56ACFAEFD241C98B0A9" box="[136,203,666,690]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) or December (in cultivation in Geneva) and mature fruits in October (in cultivation in 
<collectingCountry id="3EB9F7CEFFD6E56ACEDDFD041E13B0C9" box="[507,576,698,722]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD6E56ACF88FD451E12B669" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACF88FD451E12B669" blockId="8.[136,787,762,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACF88FD451DD4B109" box="[174,391,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Conservation status</emphasis>
. – Less than ten individuals were observed in a single population growing on a large granitic block within a fragment of humid forest, with the understory partly planted with cocoa trees. This single location lies within a farm at a few hundred meters from the farmer residence. Most of the land is already converted to tropical crops, like banana and coffee. This reduced plant population is then heavily threatened by any change in the surroundings, like tree felling or extension of any other tropical crop. With an EOO &lt;
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD6E56ACFBDFBA41CB8B629" box="[155,235,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
2 and AAO &lt;
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD6E56ACEA6FBA41D92B629" box="[384,449,1046,1074]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
², 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACEF2FBA51E09B629" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[468,602,1050,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stapelioides">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACEF2FBA51E09B629" box="[468,602,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. stapelioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary assessment as “Critically Endangered” [CR B2ab(iii)] using the IUCN Red List (
<bibRefCitation id="223FCAAFFFD6E56ACE8DFBE41E65B669" author="IUCN" box="[427,566,1114,1138]" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland &amp; Cambridge" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="ref5335" refString="IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1 ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland &amp; Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1 ed" type="book" year="2012">IUCN, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD6E56ACF88FB251F95B389" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACF88FB251D00B489" blockId="8.[136,787,1178,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACF88FB251CB4B6A9" box="[174,231,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Notes</emphasis>
. – This species generates leaves and inflorescences separately and successively on the tuber surface, following the tuber dormancy period during the dry season (May-September). This feature is also present in three other 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACD8AFB451F40B709" authority="catalogs" box="[684,787,1275,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACD8AFB451F40B709" box="[684,787,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Sinningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, i.e., 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACE29FAA51E36B729" authority="catalog+fontStyle" authorityName="Chautems" baseAuthorityName="Malme" box="[271,613,1306,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACE29FAA51DD0B729" box="[271,387,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. defoliata</emphasis>
(Malme) Chautems
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACD57FAA51EB1B729" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[625,738,1306,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helioana">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACD57FAA51EB1B729" box="[625,738,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. helioana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACFAEFA851E74B749" authority="catalog+fontStyle" authorityName="H. E. Moore. This" baseAuthorityName="Mart." box="[136,551,1338,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACFAEFA851CAAB749" box="[136,249,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. tuberosa</emphasis>
(Mart.) H.E. Moore. This
</taxonomicName>
separate and successive development of vegetative and fertile shoots could have evolved at least twice independently in the genus. Indeed, preliminary phylogenetic data place this new taxon in the clade 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACFAEFA041D5BB7C9" authority="catalogs" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[136,264,1466,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Corytholoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACFAEFA041D5BB7C9" box="[136,264,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Corytholoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, together with 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACE80FA051E46B7C9" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[422,533,1466,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACE80FA051E46B7C9" box="[422,533,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. defoliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACD6EFA051EE0B7C9" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[584,691,1466,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helioana">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACD6EFA051EE0B7C9" box="[584,691,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. helioana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACFAEFA651CAAB7E9" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[136,249,1498,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACFAEFA651CAAB7E9" box="[136,249,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. tuberosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to clade 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACE9BFA651E75B7E9" authority="catalogs" box="[445,550,1499,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACE9BFA651E75B7E9" box="[445,550,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Sinningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="223FCAAFFFD6E56ACD13FA641F5DB7E9" author="PERRET M. &amp; A. CHAUTEMS &amp; R. SPICHIGER &amp; G. KITE &amp; V. SAVOLAINEN" box="[565,782,1498,1522]" journalOrPublisher="Am. J. Bot." pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="445 - 460" part="90" refId="ref5398" refString="PERRET M., A. CHAUTEMS, R. SPICHIGER, G. KITE &amp; V. SAVOLAINEN (2003). Systematics and evolution of tribe Sinningieae (Gesneriaceae): Evidence from phylogenetic analyses of six plastid DNA regions and nuclear ncpGS. Am. J. Bot. 90: 445 - 460." title="Systematics and evolution of tribe Sinningieae (Gesneriaceae): Evidence from phylogenetic analyses of six plastid DNA regions and nuclear ncpGS" type="journal article" year="2003">PERRET et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
; M. Perret, unpubl. data). Nevertheless, 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACD02FA451EFFB409" authority="catalog+fontStyle" box="[548,684,1530,1554]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stapelioides">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACD02FA451EFFB409" box="[548,684,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. stapelioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produces large (
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD6E56ACFEAF9A41D4CB429" box="[204,287,1561,1586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 cm</quantity>
) tubular-campanulate corollas with a peculiar throat and lobes coloration pattern that differ from the long (up to 
<quantity id="81561ABBFFD6E56ACFF4F9E41D74B469" box="[210,295,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
) tubular and bright red corollas displayed by these three species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACF88F9241DEAB529" blockId="8.[136,787,1178,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
Live material of this species was first obtained from the late R.A. Kautsky (later established to have been originally collected in the 
<typeStatus id="991509FCFFD6E56ACE08F9651D08B4E8" box="[302,347,1755,1779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
locality within Sr. Adriano Romais’ property). It was introduced in cultivation under the provisional name 
<taxonomicName id="81AECCDDFFD6E56ACFEFF8A51D7CB529" authority="catalogs" box="[201,303,1819,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACFEFF8A51D7CB529" box="[201,303,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Sinningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. “Pancas”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACF88F8841F95B389" blockId="8.[136,787,1178,1939]" lastBlockId="8.[824,1474,282,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
The only available material collected in the wild is a sterile gathering, as all individuals at the time of the collection were in a vegetative phase. This sample is designated as a 
<typeStatus id="991509FCFFD6E56ACD94F8C51F5CB588" box="[690,783,1915,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Fertile material could only be observed at a different period on a plant cultivated in Geneva originating from the same locality. A flower was then collected and designated here as the 
<typeStatus id="991509FCFFD6E56ACC47FEC41F91B389" box="[865,962,378,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB4E4D5FFD6E56ACC78FE07184FB01B" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4611B75EFFD6E56ACC78FE07184FB01B" blockId="8.[824,1475,439,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<materialsCitation id="F6C6BD03FFD6E56ACC78FE07184BB01B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2397872605" collectingDate="2012-05-04" collectionCode="VIES" collectorName="Perret &amp; Chautems &amp; Peixoto &amp; Duarte" country="Brazil" location="base da Pedra da Agulha" municipality="Pancas" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" specimenCode="VIES-026563" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACC78FE071FFCB3D0" box="[862,943,441,459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="991509FCFFD6E56ACC78FE071FFCB3D0" box="[862,943,441,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. – 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACCECFE0618CEB3D0" bold="true" box="[970,1181,439,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<collectingCountry id="3EB9F7CEFFD6E56ACCECFE06185CB3D0" box="[970,1039,440,459]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="846A79BCFFD6E56ACB31FE0918C9B3D0" box="[1047,1178,439,459]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="A6752D24FFD6E56ACB85FE06188CB3D0" box="[1187,1247,440,459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Pancas</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4371E185FFD6E56ACBCEFE0619ECB3D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE070648FFD8E56ACFAEFD2E184FB01B:4371E185FFD6E56ACBCEFE0619ECB3D0" box="[1256,1471,440,459]" country="Brazil" municipality="Pancas" name="base da Pedra da Agulha" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">base da Pedra da Agulha</location>
, 
<location id="4371E185FFD6E56ACC1EFE6D1802B3FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE070648FFD8E56ACFAEFD2E184FB01B:4371E185FFD6E56ACC1EFE6D1802B3FD" box="[824,1105,467,486]" country="Brazil" municipality="Pancas" name="propriete do Sr. Adriano Romais" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">propriété do Sr. Adriano Romais</location>
, 
<date id="3210919EFFD6E56ACB7CFE6D18F6B3FD" box="[1114,1189,467,486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="2012-05-04">
<collectingDate id="22546876FFD6E56ACB7CFE6D18F6B3FD" box="[1114,1189,467,486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="2012-05-04">4.V.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, ster., 
<emphasis id="74DA6B4CFFD6E56ACBFCFE6D1FD9B01A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<collectorName id="EB5BD288FFD6E56ACBFCFE6D195EB3FE" box="[1242,1293,467,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Perret</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="EB5BD288FFD6E56ACA30FE6D1934B3FD" box="[1302,1383,467,486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Chautems</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="EB5BD288FFD6E56ACA49FE6D19F9B3FE" box="[1391,1450,467,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Peixoto</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="EB5BD288FFD6E56ACC1EFE501F20B01B" box="[824,883,494,512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Duarte</collectorName>
55
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="16081F25FFD6E56ACCB3FE531841B01B" box="[917,1042,493,512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">VIES-026563</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>