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<document id="5E7AAE4B14EDA0E8242733B6FE4E40E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="33658" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.257.3666" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94ee009b-28ba-4bf2-9983-39236d9f713d" ID-PMC="PMC3591736" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-257-1" ID-PubMed="23653491" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-257-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 257" ModsDocTitle="Two new genera of nematode (Oxyurida, Hystrignathidae) parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo" checkinTime="1451247789547" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Morffe, Jans &amp; Garcia, Nayla" docDate="2013" docId="CDD9837797276019A9D763F385FCF8B3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 257: 1-15" docOrigin="ZooKeys 257" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.257.3666" docTitle="Lubanema decraemerae Morffe &amp; Garcia, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF8B9B3DC45E03041231FFE0D3206C2D" masterDocTitle="Two new genera of nematode (Oxyurida, Hystrignathidae) parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1732805595913" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F8528DA56C8C77290E1A51588923690A">Two new genera of nematode (Oxyurida, Hystrignathidae) parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07C2E0B57F44377CD81FEE3E593CAE08">Morffe, Jans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9CE3BB22F8A36548DA4F62B04DBBC4D">Garcia, Nayla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="6C3D1209203941420BCE616BB5B6844C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.257.3666</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CDD9837797276019A9D763F385FCF8B3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039613" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D480D872-86F3-4920-B9A7-550925CCD97A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDD9837797276019A9D763F385FCF8B3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" scope_family="Hystrignathidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="CC703F58E2A25E80F1CBE9BE37B73ABA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4A8C5697F57A8EA31A364C2024DE90BF" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="2D696A329DB17B6CD5557BBDB7CF1FC7" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D480D872-86F3-4920-B9A7-550925CCD97A" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema decraemerae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="decraemerae">Lubanema decraemerae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D694D1A7C44A3FBDB9D2A4537F0306E3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 4
<normalizedToken id="3923F2F3A16781DFE5E5BEE45C20DEB4" originalValue="AG">A-G</normalizedToken>
, 5
<normalizedToken id="C175CDED72FB11BB2EC28437BB2267A0" originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ECE8153EF7C3F0861C35579F9F30C863" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type material">
<paragraph id="15728FB2C3B7DFDCE4B29E5E374BBAE7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="573A2AF0EDC68C88587B813DC2C1E4D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
♀ holotype, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kivu Region, Katale,
<geoCoordinate id="E2CD740AEA73A498C10E4895FC7E1149" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.3166666">1°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="02F67AB26E14B3D1C123A754B9D5D8A9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.366667">29°22'E</geoCoordinate>
; in
<taxonomicName id="7092A959D93E20E2FEB7FFA8FB2A00CF" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Didimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Didimus</taxonomicName>
sp.; 4.V.1939; Hautmann coll.; CZACC 11.4667. Paratypes: ♀, same data as holotype, CZACC 11.4668; ♀, same data as holotype, RMCA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3416D7FCD59A4B7758C1D3C2EBDC90FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="measurements">
<paragraph id="246AA3203342C0B2BCDA10F383EAF0BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C36814A39976F52F663434A5DB2EA54D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Holotype (female) a = 6.70, b = 5.97, c = 40.18, V% = 57.92, total length = 2.210, maximum body width = 0.330, first cephalic annule (
<normalizedToken id="AD450DAC74228B309056DD52767511E8" originalValue="length×width">lengthxwidth</normalizedToken>
) = 0.020
<normalizedToken id="703B91930C858CE86539CFCA01133C61" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.070, stoma length = 0.048, procorpus length = 0.268, diameter of basal bulb = 0.108, total length of oesophagus = 0.370, excretory pore to anterior end = 0.520, vulva to posterior end = 0.930, anus to posterior end = 0.055, eggs = 0.168-0.173
<normalizedToken id="1C32DAB3211E88A17B9EC0974AC8D144" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.075-0.080 (0.170
<normalizedToken id="DEDDFF4C25D3F837E53A6564CDA44B9C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.004
<normalizedToken id="7120C929080216B1BB50E7331EE12F45" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.078
<normalizedToken id="4D1B5BCA17044A704BF83350C83FC081" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.004 n = 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="793545BBE62F428952643C58BF8C7253" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Paratypes (females) (n = 2) a = 4.44-6.36 (5.40
<normalizedToken id="BFECFF674FA0AD6B659FB79E6ED4081C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.36 n = 2), b = 3.66-5.68 (4.67
<normalizedToken id="2C21EDC3AF786081B5AC07368C4E712D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.43 n = 2), c = 34.45-38.18 (36.31
<normalizedToken id="11E33DD6756296E06F6B245B3FAB8D63" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.64 n = 2), V% = 56.67 (n = 1), total length = 2.100-2.400 (2.250
<normalizedToken id="B1D24B4973BA867CB01F6CBEFA67CCE9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.212 n = 2), maximum body width = 0.330 (n = 2), first cephalic annule (
<normalizedToken id="5F9136C9D9ACAAA1554C651A0F1436DD" originalValue="length×width">lengthxwidth</normalizedToken>
) = 0.020
<normalizedToken id="D9115C28186605913A37E12566776F5F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.063-0.065 (0.020
<normalizedToken id="3784DB5AC94D4E3B119844CDE006982D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.064
<normalizedToken id="4F0C913DBA183705507EDBD622EBD8D9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.002 n = 2), stoma length = 0.043-0.045 (0.044
<normalizedToken id="921B1D3E83E93AAADF6E84C1E46E9B8F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.002 n = 2), procorpus length = 0.275-0.300 (0.288
<normalizedToken id="CD85D0CE52539C2D86AD2C0AE8DBCB75" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.018 n = 2), diameter of basal bulb = 0.108 (n = 2), total length of oesophagus = 0.370-0.400 (0.385
<normalizedToken id="524EA5A6BF5B86DC4AC3D4BD43D9A195" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.021 n = 2), nerve ring to anterior end = 0.223 (n = 1), excretory pore to anterior end = 0.410-0.600 (0.505
<normalizedToken id="621E97E9E96A7B6C2E352B5B9D33CD64" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.134 n = 2), vulva to posterior end = 1.040 (n = 1), anus to posterior end = 0.043-0.055 (0.049
<normalizedToken id="F3790113282B77260D69E0167F1B05DD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.009 n = 2), eggs = 0.183
<normalizedToken id="229FD0BC056E822889CB4562F2DA5024" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.078 (n = 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="838656BEA79CA0DC936B5FAEC2C77054" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="87A12AC32F930D6066ECB4D7ACCEDEB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC0A840CA5FB0B19C790FC49577DBE51" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Female body large, notably robust and fusiform, widening gradually from the base of the first cephalic annule, reaching maximum width near mid-body, then tapering softly towards the posterior end that rounds off abruptly. A comparatively very short, conical tail appendage with its tip rounded arises terminally from the posterior end. Cervical cuticle unarmed, with marked annule (ca. 13
<normalizedToken id="E425C0345EEE91BD391AEFD0F0FC88CF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide), extending to the rest of body, until level of the anus. Lateral alae thick, ca. 55
<normalizedToken id="CE43DDEDD615EBC58DF2544F69E5FCB5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, extending from the hind third of the procorpus to the level of the anus. Posterior ends of lateral alae almost forming a straight angle with the body axis, slightly convex, their external margins forming a very short lobe. Head bearing eight rounded, paired papil
<pageBreakToken id="DEE75E52BF1BEA966DAE10CF38CC81AC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">lae</pageBreakToken>
, set-off from body by a single, deep groove. Amphids pore-like, laterally situated. Mouth trirradiate. First cephalic annule cone-like, slightly inflated, its margins convex, about two head-lengths long. Stoma long, about 1.5 first cephalic annule lengths
<pageBreakToken id="EE1BA3D8FAF4C5C67414B8EC207C5FAC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, its diameter little increased at its base. Isthmus as a constriction between the procorpus and the large, rounded, basal bulb. Valve plate well developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, its fore region very inflated. Rectum short. Anus sub-terminal. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at its posterior half (ca. 60% of its length). Excretory pore located at about the half of a body width behind the basal bulb. Vulva a median trasverse slit, displaced to the posterior half of body, lips less prominent. Vagina muscular, forwardly directed. Genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic. Ovary stout, reflexed at about one third of the body width behind the basal bulb.
<normalizedToken id="0DD30DBDF2B378342E82A1B1EBE41E57" originalValue="Oöcytes">Ooecytes</normalizedToken>
in a single row, about four times wider than long (ca. 8
<normalizedToken id="DC045AF69DA5ADA2AE8152882BB6A4D9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken id="09C53946D87105F2E14A345EF47EA199" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). Eggs large, markedly ovoid, smooth-shelled. Male unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6119A5C92775CE81614D695EE2C15EF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="CC3AA4D577C2417F3BB9323444EC27B1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName id="4A4637080E46FC6DC93C5E108143E64C" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema decraemerae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="decraemerae">Lubanema decraemerae</taxonomicName>
gen. n. sp. n. Female. A Oesophageal region, ventrolateral view B Cephalic end, internal view C Cephalic end, external view D Tail, ventral view E Egg F Reproductive system, ventrolateral view G Entire nematode, ventrolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5F0717F47FE51C13E69E6EFA769ED046" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="4A13500BD403578FB4878756B94513F1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName id="770E60432D8C34042348717379B242A9" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema decraemerae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="decraemerae">Lubanema decraemerae</taxonomicName>
gen. n. sp. n. Female. SEM images. A Cephalic end B Cephalic end, en face view C Mouth D Lateral ala, detail. Scale lines: A,D 0.05 mm, B 0.02 mm, C 0.005 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DB59EFFD4ECD903E120C640366B819B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B91D7C3F2FF00FB94AB5D46C944C528" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C668AC421ED32C6D8880308951EE3D6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The Malagasian genus
<taxonomicName id="A65269463906B146AD36B2A6D9158DDB" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Passalidophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passalidophila" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Passalidophila</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="FEA1EBD2F887CE17561ECFE26E237635" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having both the body robust and fusiform, cervical cuticle unarmed and markedly annulated, a similar form of the cephalic end, the lateral alae extending from the level of the procorpus to the anus and the tail short (
<bibRefCitation id="FC5A1F427A598C53D6DB1E6E74363A5E" author="Van Waerebeke, D" journalOrPublisher="," pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 43" title=". Les oxyuroides associes aux Passalidae a Madagascar. Cahiers ORSTOM, Ser. Biol." volume="18" year="1973">Van Waerebeke 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Differs by having a procorpus which diameter increases towards its joint with the isthmus.
<taxonomicName id="DD7205988CC1C06E85AB7397B3C0D58C" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. have a more cylindrical procorpus and the isthmus is absent. The tail of
<taxonomicName id="B3C727B45C061A23681B5F3BB8B1AC8C" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Passalidophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passalidophila" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Passalidophila</taxonomicName>
is subulate, instead of the current new genus, which presents a very short tail appendage arising from the rounded posterior end. In addition, the ovary of
<taxonomicName id="AEBD34D6100BC5784EE9491DEBED7F2C" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Passalidophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passalidophila" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Passalidophila</taxonomicName>
is slender vs. the robust ovary of
<taxonomicName id="5697CCF542DA8FCEE60FBF843032CC39" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E86D2F1752ABE112E10F433C7777518" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Other monogonant hystrignathid genera with smooth cervical cuticle are
<taxonomicName id="726AE391E5CF00F41370A4B585B4ADEA" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Christiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Christiella" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Christiella</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1957;
<taxonomicName id="6542CE57712634401961EAF9962E8746" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Coronocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronocephalus" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Coronocephalus</taxonomicName>
Cordeira, 1981;
<taxonomicName id="E5562D2A5D72D63D4CA5B34958289E90" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Glaber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaber" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Glaber</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958;
<taxonomicName id="FB1777D1392D642BF3AAD48C1810C1D4" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Longior" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longior" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Longior</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958; and
<taxonomicName id="57AB3047304E08D0B0CB07E4AA209444" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Vulcanonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanonema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Vulcanonema</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958. All of these taxa can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="783104DE7D834A180BD73C9E2B6F8042" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having a well developed tail, from attenuate to subulate.
<taxonomicName id="62BE0538DC5AA2CD97BE056F6E7A83FE" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Christiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Christiella" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Christiella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D20347122169356129781C12D81EA5AE" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Longior" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longior" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Longior</taxonomicName>
females have a comparatively slender body vs. the notably more robust and fusiform body of
<taxonomicName id="E4B397E95D5D04CAD523382EB2091C52" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. Also, both genera present cylindrical procorpus more elongate than in
<taxonomicName id="A595186B30086074A64CB696379B7A0F" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="014ADEC0305B70494876CDDCE23F6525" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FECDFCAB8E5A0DC814CB4D39BA37AC6C" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Coronocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronocephalus" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Coronocephalus</taxonomicName>
bears prominent, digitiform oral papillae, instead of the shorter, less developed papillae of
<taxonomicName id="4FA3867553FF57353A0D22C6B0D8C46E" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. In the latter genus the procorpus meets directly the basal bulb, while
<taxonomicName id="8CBB77B6EA16A9D9F3AF260C4941FA16" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Coronocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronocephalus" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Coronocephalus</taxonomicName>
present an isthmus.
<taxonomicName id="B50E92EDC606F059052AE3E51481E7EA" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Glaber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaber" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Glaber</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="C2E198E965977221EE8168B5C632FAE5" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having the base of the procorpus clavate, instead of the sub-cylindrical procorpus present in the new genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CD17512FDA490DF8EFE45F4E68713DA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="677D3B7480C821152B1F500D66D39272" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Vulcanonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanonema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Vulcanonema</taxonomicName>
presents the cephalic end consisting of a narrow cephalic annule separated of the head by a conical region. In opposition,
<taxonomicName id="BCF415B0E2F74AC30AB7D1909D7D56BA" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. have the first cephalic annule just after the head. Also, the procorpus of
<taxonomicName id="0ED27BB4BF101F1B244930BA6E6B864A" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Vulcanonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanonema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Vulcanonema</taxonomicName>
is sub-cylindrical, with a basal dilation, absent in the present new genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D80C554EC36750548A8A444EA4E621FC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="0377E1908A38B8879129D4C6C3E7B934" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. shows morphological affinities with the Australian genera
<taxonomicName id="6C018107C3189CA9DDB906D6D1E2C7C4" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
Clark, 1978 and
<taxonomicName id="1B9ABFCDD255D892D9DFAC3EE5028B5F" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Sprentia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sprentia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Sprentia</taxonomicName>
Clark, 1978 by having the cuticle unarmed and strongly annulated, reduction of the isthmus and the tail. Moreover, the lateral alae of
<taxonomicName id="5DDA3C644B4D611D3BA4B7FD74D65D9F" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
extends from the oesophageal region to almost the level of the anus, similar to
<taxonomicName id="FB50486EEAB6C958990A52C7B675DFA3" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. The new genus differs from both by its genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic vs. didelphic-amphidelphic, procorpus sub-cylindrical vs. claviform and development of the lateral alae, which in
<taxonomicName id="328B6037F5DBB7CA3BCB4CDF8815843F" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. are very wide and with
<pageBreakToken id="43DAD60C23CC78CEAA51EA3AB11945BB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">lobes</pageBreakToken>
in the margins at their terminal ends.The procorpus is widely amalgamated with the basal bulb in
<taxonomicName id="A4B94E7475881B019ADE45FA7B8D9433" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2FF4EA2FA212C2C045EECA3FEC19C97C" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Sprentia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sprentia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Sprentia</taxonomicName>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="E7863B0EFB7F21C44CC679471D6CAFA5" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. presents a well defined constriction separating both structures.
<taxonomicName id="1D1B60A7F1FA3FC7A93A04E68415E70F" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
has a total reduction of the tail appendage (
<bibRefCitation id="165CE9CC99B401435BABF1521FD2390F" author="Clark, WC" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Parasitology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="603 - 615" title="Nematoda (Oxyuroidea: Thelastomatidae) from Australian passalid beetle (Coleoptera: Passalidae) with description of new species." volume="26" year="1978">Clark 1978</bibRefCitation>
) not observed in
<taxonomicName id="81D957E9D8D41945CC324040DF52242F" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
with a short, conical tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51B761262250535114036158BB712EF8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="D10D4E68E2BD625FA40664FC4EDFCE5E" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Carlosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carlosia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Carlosia</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1957 also presents a reduction of the isthmus, a large, slightly inflated first cephalic annule and marked annule in the cervical region (
<bibRefCitation id="08EF121F0419A1E4FD9BAE60EF41ECAE" author="Hunt, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="59 - 68" title="Hystrignathus ferox n. sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n. sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos and Kloss, 1957." url="10.1007/BF00012229" volume="4" year="1982">Hunt 1982</bibRefCitation>
). It can be easily segregated from
<taxonomicName id="CA38F4ED2D8275F7729FA1FD8CC35E22" genus="Lubanema" lsidName="Lubanema" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having a didelphic-amphidelphic genital tract and the annule of the cervical cuticle retrorse, with posterior prolongations forming a double row of spines laterally situated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0FFF51EA3E13789219D0D51DD21CFFD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type host">
<paragraph id="B6C535F5F08FD9A7A32F44F79723FF40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type host.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28541BCBB2E9B4E21D9E3612C38943EF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="1455F20641D925B8B3B1E8096871BDF2" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Didimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Didimus</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="079437E30253EB2083A92B9F142DB07F" genus="Coleoptera" lsidName="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="2C04F10E97C6721FAB7E74550C90D924" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Passalidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F67971853847B790745192727ACCF59" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="site">
<paragraph id="16B988B88817C8749ED0799A9305B9AF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Site.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E34413E7A592BBA8F781C4220E38E58F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hind gut, out of the caeca.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE6E77CB43D21AF0BF4D5AD25E190E8E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="81387B767FB15F6285FD136EFD406256" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC76767F503040647995CFC64F0B8E1F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Katale, Kivu region, Democratic Republic of Congo.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66B3E868B89666D25AF92B6ADA1962C0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="34CFFBDCFC8075341FC53BAE4F34DC56" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F25092BE3AE6D212F6559F0A61AC9A76" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specific epithet dedicated to Prof. Dr. Wilfrieda Decraemer, from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. In appreciation for her help and support during the current research.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>