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<document id="919528E23907348968BF733B06DD498A" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.184" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139149" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722384944738" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jung, Jae-Ho" docDate="2021" docId="CD258828FFA7FFB5FF25F8FAFEF0F899" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.10.2.184-190.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 10 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pleuronema setigerum Calkins 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="311CF050FFA4FFB1FF8BFFB9FFFFFFC1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of four scuticociliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from coastal waters of South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1722385400145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2B67D36B5499EB46ED4335471AD8FE78">Taxonomy of four scuticociliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from coastal waters of South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5F5E56F0F34A4F761666AC3E1B9AED8">Jung, Jae-Ho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="611E4694965202793715A89D1544C890">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="508BEAA9B7148E51B8ACA92E66DE3956">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="CDC744F3BDB8BAE6EF537715934BA49C" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2021.10.2.184</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8100B9D09678EEBE038E250EBDFE3C47" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CD258828FFA7FFB5FF25F8FAFEF0F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD258828FFA7FFB5FF25F8FAFEF0F899" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD258828FFA7FFB5FF25F8FAFEF0F899" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="0D966AB5FFA7FFB2FF25F8FAFD46F89A" box="[174,697,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA7FFB2FF25F8FAFD46F89A" blockId="3.[174,697,1859,1883]" box="[174,697,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="1E7B8E52FFA7FFB2FF25F8FAFD46F89A" bold="true" box="[174,697,1859,1883]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FF25F8FAFD46F89A" bold="true" box="[174,697,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
3.
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA7FFB2FF42F8FAFD9CF89A" ID-CoL="4KBZ9" authority="Calkins, 1902" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[201,611,1859,1883]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FF42F8FAFE3DF89A" bold="true" box="[201,450,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Pleuronema setigerum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA7FFB2FE42F8FAFD9CF89A" author="Calkins, G. N." box="[457,611,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="415 - 468" refId="ref3224" refString="Calkins, G. N. 1902. Marine protozoa from Woods Hole. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21 (year 1901): 415 - 468." type="journal article" year="1902">Calkins, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="DDB725BBFFA7FFB2FDE4F8FAFD4EF89A" box="[623,689,1859,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1106,1128]" captionTargetBox="[214,1411,257,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-381@3.[206,1411,257,1073]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Pleuronema setigerum after protargol impregnation. A, C, D. Ventral views showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus, arrows denote micronuclei. B. Dorsal view showing somatic kineties and nuclear apparatus, arrow denotes a micronucleus. CC, caudal cilia; Ma, macronucleus; M1, 3, membranelles 1, 3; M2a, anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b, posterior part of membranelle 2; PM, paroral membrane; PK; preoral kineties; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bar=30μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139159/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D966AB5FFA7FFB2FF25F83DFB31FAB6" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA7FFB2FF25F83DFB31FAB6" blockId="3.[174,778,1923,1980]" lastBlockId="3.[839,1444,1278,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FF25F83DFE60F85D" bold="true" box="[174,415,1924,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F5E43363FFA7FFB2FE21F83DFA92FAD7" collectingDate="2019-07-10" country="South Korea" latitude="34.047222" location="Coastal" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="127.292496" municipality="Yeosu-si" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeonnam">
<location id="40536FE5FFA7FFB2FE21F83DFDFFF85D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD258828FFA7FFB5FF25F8FAFEF0F899:40536FE5FFA7FFB2FE21F83DFDFFF85D" box="[426,512,1924,1948]" country="South Korea" latitude="34.047222" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="127.292496" municipality="Yeosu-si" name="Coastal" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Jeonnam">Coastal</location>
water sample (25.4‰, 21.0℃) collected from
<collectingMunicipality id="A557A344FFA7FFB2FE22F81DFDF9F87D" box="[425,518,1956,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Yeosu-si</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="8748F7DCFFA7FFB2FD9AF81DFD5FF87D" box="[529,672,1956,1980]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA7FFB2FD27F81DFC5CFAD7" box="[684,931,1278,1980]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="20B85FF9FFA7FFB2FC24FB47FBDEFAD7" box="[943,1057,1278,1302]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" seconds="50" value="34.047222">34°250″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20B85FF9FFA7FFB2FBA7FB47FB4CFAD7" box="[1068,1203,1278,1302]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" seconds="33" value="127.292496">127°1733″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="31321FFEFFA7FFB2FB69FB47FA92FAD7" box="[1250,1389,1278,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2019-07-10">
<collectingDate id="2176E616FFA7FFB2FB69FB47FA92FAD7" box="[1250,1389,1278,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2019-07-10">10 July 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="F5E43363FFA7FFB2FAFCFB46FB35FAB6" collectingDate="2020-11-16" country="South Korea" latitude="37.79861" location="Gangwon-do" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.91638" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1">
coastal water sample (34.4‰, 14.4℃) collected from Gang- neung-si,
<location id="40536FE5FFA7FFB2FC3AFA86FBC1FA96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD258828FFA7FFB5FF25F8FAFEF0F899:40536FE5FFA7FFB2FC3AFA86FBC1FA96" box="[945,1086,1343,1367]" country="South Korea" latitude="37.79861" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.91638" name="Gangwon-do" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Gangwon-do</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA7FFB2FBC1FA86FAEDFA97" box="[1098,1298,1343,1367]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="20B85FF9FFA7FFB2FA94FA86FA60FA97" box="[1311,1439,1343,1367]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" seconds="55" value="37.79861">37°4755″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20B85FF9FFA7FFB2FCCCFAE6FC31FAB6" box="[839,974,1375,1399]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" precision="15" seconds="59" value="128.91638">128°5459″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="31321FFEFFA7FFB2FC76FAE6FB35FAB6" box="[1021,1226,1375,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2020-11-16">
<collectingDate id="2176E616FFA7FFB2FC76FAE6FB35FAB6" box="[1021,1226,1375,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" value="2020-11-16">16 November 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D966AB5FFA7FFB2FCCCFAC6FB1FF8FA" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA7FFB2FCCCFAC6FB1FF8FA" blockId="3.[839,1444,1278,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FCCCFAC6FC29FA56" bold="true" box="[839,982,1407,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis (n</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FC7AFAC6FBF0FA56" bold="true" box="[1009,1039,1407,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">8).</emphasis>
Cell size 38.1-55.2 × 15.6-33.6 μm (45.5 × 21.0 μm on average) in protargol preparations, outline oval, dorsoventrally flattened; 1 globular macronucleus, 9.1-15.0 × 6.9-13.3 μm (10.7 × 8.7 μm on average) in size; 1-4 micronuclei attached to macronucleus, elliptical to circular; 5 or 6 preoral kineties (note that 1 out of
<specimenCount id="538AF2B7FFA7FFB2FC00F9F8FBF4F998" box="[907,1035,1601,1625]" count="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
showed 6 preoral kineties and 1 postoral kinety might have resulted from a fragmentation of somatic kinety 1), 20-23 somatic kineties, prolonged caudal cilia; buccal area occupying 58.3-83.8% (73.9% on average) of body length; paroral membrane conspicuous, hook or 6-shaped; M1 three-rowed, M1:M2a length ratio about 33%; posterior end of M2a ring-like arrangement; M2b V-shaped; M3 three-rowed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D966AB5FFA7FFB2FCCCF8FAFBCBF85D" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA7FFB2FCCCF8FAFBCBF85D" blockId="3.[839,1444,1278,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FCCCF8FAFC2AF89A" bold="true" box="[839,981,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA7FFB2FC57F8FAFBEEF89A" box="[988,1041,1859,1883]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA7FFB2FB90F8FAFB4DF89A" author="Calkins, G. N." box="[1051,1202,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="415 - 468" refId="ref3224" refString="Calkins, G. N. 1902. Marine protozoa from Woods Hole. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21 (year 1901): 415 - 468." type="journal article" year="1902">Calkins, 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA7FFB2FB37F8FDFABAF89A" author="Borror, A." box="[1212,1349,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="465 - 534" refId="ref3195" refString="Borror, A. 1963. Morphology and ecology of the benthic ciliated protozoa of Alligator Harbor, Florida. Archiv Fur Protistenkunde 106: 465 - 534." type="journal article" year="1963">Borror, 1963</bibRefCitation>
), Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA7FFB2FCC4F8DAFC37F8BD" author="Kahl, A." box="[847,968,1891,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="181 - 398" refId="ref3593" refString="Kahl, A. 1931. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha ausser den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata. Tierwelt Dtl. 21: 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA7FFB2FC57F8DAFBE4F8BA" box="[988,1051,1891,1915]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA7FFB2FBACF8DDFB2BF8BD" author="Pan, H. &amp; J. Huang &amp; X. Hu &amp; X. Fan &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" box="[1063,1236,1891,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="45 - 59" refId="ref4120" refString="Pan, H., J. Huang, X. Hu, X. Fan, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequences of three marine ciliates from Yellow Sea, China, including one new species, Uronema heteromarinum nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida). Acta Protozoologica 49: 45 - 59." type="journal article" year="2010">
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FBD3F8DDFB71F8BA" box="[1112,1166,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA7FFB2FB6BF8DDFA66F8BA" author="Pan, X. &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; X. Fan &amp; F. Gao &amp; J. Huang &amp; H. Ma &amp; M. Miao" box="[1248,1433,1891,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="31 - 43" refId="ref4192" refString="Pan, X., K. A. S. Al-Rasheid, X. Fan, F. Gao, J. Huang, H. Ma and M. Miao. 2015 b. Morphology and phylogeny of four marine scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with descriptions of two new species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov. Acta Protozoologica 54: 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="2015">
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FA84F8DDFABAF8BA" box="[1295,1349,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015b
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA7FFB2FCF8F83DFC4CF85A" box="[883,947,1924,1947]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Korea</collectingCountry>
(this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D966AB5FFA7FFB5FCCCF81DFEF0F899" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA7FFB5FCCCF81DFD9EF957" blockId="3.[839,1444,1278,1980]" lastBlockId="4.[144,749,1372,1880]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA7FFB2FCCCF81DFC4BF87D" bold="true" box="[839,948,1956,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Remarks.</emphasis>
More than 20 species have been reported in the genus
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FF5DFAE5FEA9FAB5" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1841" box="[214,342,1372,1396]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF5DFAE5FEA9FAB5" box="[214,342,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pleuronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA0FFB5FEE9FAE5FDD9FAB5" author="Wang, Y. &amp; Song, A. &amp; Warren, K. A. S. &amp; Al-Rasheid, S. A. &amp; Al- Quraishy &amp; S. A. Al-Farraj &amp; X. Hu &amp; H. Pan" box="[354,550,1372,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="29 - 37" refId="ref4581" refString="Wang, Y., W. Song, A. Warren, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid, S. A. Al- Quraishy, S. A. Al-Farraj, X. Hu and H. Pan. 2009. Descriptions of two new marine scuticociliates, Pleuronema sinica n. sp. and P. wilberti n. sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida), from the Yellow Sea, China. European Journal of Protistology 45: 29 - 37." type="journal article" year="2009">
Wang
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FE22FAE4FE1FFAB5" box="[425,480,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA0FFB5FDB8FAE4FD1EFAB5" author="Pan, H. &amp; J. Hu &amp; J. Jiang &amp; L. Wang &amp; X. Hu" box="[563,737,1372,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="287 - 298" refId="ref3977" refString="Pan, H., J. Hu, J. Jiang, L. Wang and X. Hu. 2016. Morphology and phylogeny of three Pleuronema species (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia) from Hangzhou Bay, China, with description of two new species, P. binucleatum n. sp. and P. parawiackowskii n. sp. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 63: 287 - 298." type="journal article" year="2016">
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FDE8FAE4FD65FAB5" box="[611,666,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Of the congeners,
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FEC6FAC4FE32FA55" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[333,461,1405,1428]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FEC6FAC4FE32FA55" box="[333,461,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. setigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be characterized by the ring-like bosal body arrangement at the posterior end of M2a (
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA0FFB5FF47FA04FE84FA14" author="Pan, H. &amp; J. Huang &amp; X. Hu &amp; X. Fan &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" box="[204,379,1469,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="45 - 59" refId="ref4120" refString="Pan, H., J. Huang, X. Hu, X. Fan, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequences of three marine ciliates from Yellow Sea, China, including one new species, Uronema heteromarinum nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida). Acta Protozoologica 49: 45 - 59." type="journal article" year="2010">
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF76FA04FECBFA14" box="[253,308,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FE05FA04FD83FA15" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[398,636,1469,1493]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FE05FA04FD83FA15" box="[398,636,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Pleuronema setigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
highly resembles
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FF60FA67FDB2FA34" authority="Pan et al., 2015" authorityName="Pan" authorityYear="2015" box="[235,589,1501,1525]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paucisaetosum">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF60FA67FE5FFA34" box="[235,416,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. paucisaetosum</emphasis>
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FE5DFA67FDF4FA34" box="[470,523,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</taxonomicName>
by the number of somatic kineties, oral apparatus, and macronucleus (
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA0FFB5FD4FFA47FEE0F9F4" author="Pan, H. &amp; J. Hu &amp; A. Warren &amp; L. Wang &amp; J. Jiang &amp; R. Hao" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="4800 - 4808" refId="ref4050" refString="Pan, H., J. Hu, A. Warren, L. Wang, J. Jiang and R. Hao. 2015 a. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pleuronema orientale spec. nov. and Pleuronema paucisaetosum spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliata) from Hangzhou Bay, China. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65: 4800 - 4808." type="journal article" year="2015">
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF1BF9A7FF36F9F4" box="[144,201,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="211D44CFFFA0FFB5FE47F9A7FD6CF9F4" author="Pan, H. &amp; J. Hu &amp; A. Warren &amp; L. Wang &amp; J. Jiang &amp; R. Hao" box="[460,659,1565,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" pagination="4800 - 4808" refId="ref4050" refString="Pan, H., J. Hu, A. Warren, L. Wang, J. Jiang and R. Hao. 2015 a. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pleuronema orientale spec. nov. and Pleuronema paucisaetosum spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliata) from Hangzhou Bay, China. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65: 4800 - 4808." type="journal article" year="2015">
Pan
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FE75F9A7FDC8F9F4" box="[510,567,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
(2015a)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FD2AF9A7FF2BF997" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FD2AF9A7FF2BF997" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. setigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FEEFF986FDE2F997" box="[356,541,1599,1622]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paucisaetosum">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FEEFF986FDE2F997" box="[356,541,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">P. paucisaetosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the structure of M2a (ring-like vs. hook-like posterior end; zigzag vs. onerowed basal body pattern in middle portion).
</paragraph>
<caption id="11F369B6FFA0FFB5FF1BFB09FBAAFAD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139163/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" startId="4.[144,177,1200,1222]" targetBox="[188,1372,260,1167]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA0FFB5FF1BFB09FBAAFAD4" blockId="4.[144,1414,1200,1302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF1BFB09FF32FB04" bold="true" box="[144,205,1200,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="828C42BDFFA0FFB5FF5FFB09FE4EFB04" box="[212,433,1200,1221]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Schizocalyptra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="aeschtae">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF5FFB09FE4EFB04" box="[212,433,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Schizocalyptra aeschtae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after protargol impregnation. A, B. Ventral and dorsal view showing a typical morphology arrows denote fragments of paroral membrane. Note the band-like structure of the macronuclear nodules. C. ventral view of the oral apparatus, showing membranelle 3 consisting of three ciliary rows. D, E. Macronuclear nodules. Ma, macronucleus; M1, 3, membranelles 1, 3; M2a, anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b, posterior part of membranelle 2; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4533393EFFA0FFB5FF1BF926FEF0F899" blockId="4.[144,749,1372,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="77F8E52CFFA0FFB5FF1BF926FEC2F976" bold="true" box="[144,317,1695,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Voucher slides.</emphasis>
Five slides with protargol-impregnated specimens were deposited at the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA0FFB5FEC7F959FE73F936" box="[332,396,1760,1783]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Korea</collectingCountry>
(GUC002230-2231, 2251-2252, Yeosu population) and the National Institute of Biological Resources,
<collectingCountry id="3D9B79AEFFA0FFB5FEB9F899FE8CF8F6" box="[306,371,1824,1847]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Korea</collectingCountry>
(NIBRPR0000110225, Gangneung population).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>