178 lines
15 KiB
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178 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-80-541" ID-Pensoft-UUID="92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60" ID-ZooBank="09338026092F42FB8E2F00DD6B868D49" ModsDocID="1864-8312-80-541" checkinTime="1664443249919" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Perez-Gonzalez, Abel, Labarque, Facundo M., Carboni, Martin, Hammel, Joerg U., Kunz, Robin, Ramirez, Martin J. & Solorzano-Kraemer, Monica M." docDate="2022" docId="CC7A06B829475251BF5C0C434C337C5D" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 80: 541-559" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80" docPubDate="2022-09-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008" docTitle="Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60" lastPageNumber="541" masterDocId="92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60" masterDocTitle="Revision of recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae: Loxosceles) preserved in Dominican amber and a total-evidence phylogeny of Scytodoidea reveal the first fossil Drymusidae" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="541" updateTime="1664443249919" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae: Loxosceles) preserved in Dominican amber and a total-evidence phylogeny of Scytodoidea reveal the first fossil Drymusidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ivanlfmagalhaes@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perez-Gonzalez, Abel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-6811</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Labarque, Facundo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-1949</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), campus Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, CEP 13565 - 905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carboni, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hammel, Joerg U.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-6811</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Outstation at DESY, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D- 21502 Geesthacht, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kunz, Robin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, D- 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ramirez, Martin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-0130</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Solorzano-Kraemer, Monica M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-119X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, D- 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>80</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>541</mods:start>
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<mods:end>559</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-80-541</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">09338026092F42FB8E2F00DD6B868D49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC7A06B829475251BF5C0C434C337C5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC7A06B829475251BF5C0C434C337C5D" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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5.1.2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="CC7A06B8-2947-5251-BF5C-0C434C337C5D" authority="Wunderlich, 1988" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles deformis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="deformis">Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 968 a), photographs under light microscopy. A, B habitus, dorsal view. C left tibia I, prolateral. D palps, subventral view. E right palp, retrolateral view. F right bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C), 0.5 mm (D, E), 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749996" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles deformis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="deformis">Loxosceles deformis</taxonomicName>
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Wunderlich, 1988: 68, fig. 90.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Holotype adult male in Dominican amber, SMF Be 968a, deposited in SMF, examined. No other specimens are known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="preservation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Preservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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The spider is incompletely preserved in a reddish yellow piece of amber. The abdomen is severely shriveled. The anterior portion of the prosoma is covered by emulsion. Only left legs I and III and right femur II are preserved. The left palp, as well as the right palpal tibia, are strongly deformed. Syninclusions: two small
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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, a nematoceran
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, an
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="subClass" subClass="Acari">Acari</taxonomicName>
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, a
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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, another unidentified spider with fungi, and a
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="phylum">Bryophyta</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles deformis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="deformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Loxosceles deformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be diagnosed from the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Loxosceles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Dominican amber (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. defecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" rank="species" species="defecta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">L. defecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by the unmodified first tibia (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 968 a), photographs under light microscopy. A, B habitus, dorsal view. C left tibia I, prolateral. D palps, subventral view. E right palp, retrolateral view. F right bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C), 0.5 mm (D, E), 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749996" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">2C</figureCitation>
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); the palp has a gently curved, flattened embolus that is twice as long as the globose base of the bulb. Among extant Antillean species, it is most similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. caribbaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" rank="species" species="caribbaea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">L. caribbaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="www.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.2" author="Sanchez-Ruiz, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" pagination="212 - 222" refId="B46" refString="Sanchez-Ruiz, A, Brescovit, AD, 2013. The genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae: Sicariidae) in Cuba and Hispaniola, West Indies. Zootaxa 3731: 212 - 222, www.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.2" title="The genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae: Sicariidae) in Cuba and Hispaniola, West Indies." url="www.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.2" volume="3731" year="2013">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Ruiz">Sanchez-Ruiz</normalizedToken>
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and Brescovit: 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 1, 2) but can be distinguished by the longer, more flattened embolus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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Male holotype (SMF-Be 968a).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Structure</emphasis>
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: Carapace almost as wide as long, narrowed anteriorly, particularly hirsute in the cephalic region. Six eyes in three dyads. Legs without strong macrosetae; tibia I unmodified; tarsus III with only two claws. Details of mouthpieces and spinnerets not visible. Palp (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 968 a), photographs under light microscopy. A, B habitus, dorsal view. C left tibia I, prolateral. D palps, subventral view. E right palp, retrolateral view. F right bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C), 0.5 mm (D, E), 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749996" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">2D-F</figureCitation>
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): palpal femur as long as patella + tibia; tibia slightly incrassate, bulging ventrally, distally deformed; cymbium small, blunt, bulging dorsally; bulb with small globose base and long, flattened, gently curved embolus.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Measurements</emphasis>
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[mm]: Total length (excluding chelicerae and spinnerets) 6.09. Carapace length 3.00, width 2.97. Abdomen length 3.43, width 1.80. Palpal femur length 1.59. Palpal tibia length 0.83, height 0.40. Leg I: femur 4.80, patella 1.07, tibia 5.60, metatarsus 4.22, tarsus 1.12. Leg II: femur 4.93, missing from patella. Leg III: femur 4.93, patella 1.12, tibia 4.85, metatarsus 4.81, tarsus 0.68. Leg IV missing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |