327 lines
36 KiB
XML
327 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="22826" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9e0336c-85fe-4d7c-8998-fadb8b1e4a29" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889-4-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" ID-ZooBank="D9502F1AAEC04B0F845C87D86632AF17" ModsDocID="2535-0889-4-39" checkinTime="1587713590471" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter" docDate="2020" docId="CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 4: 39-63" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" docTitle="Caryocolum improvisella Huemer 2020, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1732751505677" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9E051D12438AA5563077D99B2BDECAD9">
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<mods:title id="8194062818278B29F2E058B6DE7E4AE7">Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0EDBA623FE0368AD0B5727E1FF73EA86" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="070C1EDD78BD873AC523E8D245D9766F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1E859D69DCDDE8C7B18E8B66B3B5CEE7">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E156D38DF8561779425FBD0165E4634">Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebgsges. m. b. H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A- 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EE397521CBBF804159D4695A2A343181" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-545X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="702D8132A8FE566812B87FF56E05CB59" type="email">p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseen.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1B651F04C632A39FA2E0187CD62C224A">
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<mods:title id="D42C04858627A844C73F74B33F644D13">Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6CC3255325CB6D0D146BE7E76933128A">
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<mods:date id="7EE24E14D4B057F280FCD3E44CEC7D94">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="519A05575510E5099A4A4A8870537A74" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EFBB16772B136AC41B6649DC440C52F2">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="01A840337DEDB72B6E7A89652E21C072">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7F58B5293351FC5D79FAE5CB3C11DFEF">63</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="68AE6E23231CE2D2FAD8064CB2C55221">
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<mods:url id="0E3833CD5F80DACE097316BA600826C8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6A2E854B32B5177974F59A7514666461">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F51A2C1C3F826F25534DED5E020F245" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" scope_family="Gelechiidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
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<subSubSection id="4092909458A637D9C0C149BC96304842" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="134BC25FC1305CFD3A9D645D5DFB770E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="8D8F19447340EAE71E6BD71606D45213" ID-CoL="98ZMK" LSID="CB46DEE5-8F92-53F6-9C2D-0D5BC763A531" authority="(Rebel, 1936)" authorityName="Huemer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rebel" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum improvisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improvisella" status="stat. rev.">Caryocolum improvisella (Rebel, 1936)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D739FDC89520E6F17A7ED6847977F650" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1FC13392E25EF8206901F2902879BDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9F69E5B00ED316ED2F5449F219935147" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="9EB8277A0CE2473880C5C762E79ED471" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita improvisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improvisella">Lita improvisella</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB18CC070972450BC6288415BB82874B" author="Rebel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="2 - 4" refId="B27" refString="Rebel, H, 1936. Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz. Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 21: 2 - 4" title="Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz." volume="21" year="1936">Rebel 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, pl. 1, fig. 7. Lectotype ♂, Switzerland:
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<normalizedToken id="DF101BB07D05F650D3FFE5EA250D648F" originalValue="Graubünden">Graubuenden</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="059564D02E38DCCC358B509BD11EBB2E" originalValue="Remüs">Remues</normalizedToken>
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(Unterengadin), 21.vii.1931, leg. Thomann (BNCH) [here designated, not traced].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1393D7A4FD0B7E9F7ED0950EAD3155D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C2B97144EA4D3EE8D01B56D3613F4A0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E4507653C7A0B40A39D61A4C355CE75" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Austria: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Tirol, Zams,
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<normalizedToken id="A3BFA3F2359E519C78CBA2D462DD37D6" originalValue="Steinseehüttenweg">Steinseehuettenweg</normalizedToken>
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, 1000 m, 17 Sep. 1987, leg. Huemer; 1 ♂, Tirol, Vennatal, 1500 m, e.l. 2.viii.l956 (
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<taxonomicName id="C11CC1B9B12AB863C62CF31B4A7F2AEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="5E9BE7DF786C868FB16A4836AF9DA5C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Burmann; 1 ♂, 4 ♀, same data, but 850 m, 13 Aug. 1988, leg. Burmann & Huemer; 1 ♂, same data, but
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<geoCoordinate id="870002E422E12D581B5746856083EC6E" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="47.17639">47°10'35"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="240E195F97C45C22E96C3D6B91F0BE38" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="10.603889">10°36'14"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 29 Jul. 1989, leg. Burmann; 1 ♂, Tirol,
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<normalizedToken id="C9461D720FC0A1CB2A4666AB1DE903CC" originalValue="Fließ">Fliess</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="BFC75FAC2FFC84D790C55B80EDA12515" originalValue="Vögele">Voegele</normalizedToken>
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Bichl,
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<geoCoordinate id="B889627B6368188D515D1E19D6ED8E99" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="47.115833">47°6'57"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EFE648888B91580552C216A81681D8A8" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="10.626389">10°37'35"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 23 Jul. 2014, DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 15322, gen. slide GEL 1256 ♂ P. Huemer; 2 ♂, Tirol, Umhausen, unterh. Farst, 1100 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="C595A312A17CB53E142ADBF5749ED1ED" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="47.156944">47°9'25"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F98603D7565B7A2CC5CEB19F99A92F7C" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="10.922778">10°55'22"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 5 Sep. 2013, DNA Barcode TLMF 13394, gen. slide in glycerin; 1 ♀, Tirol, Umhausen, 1500 m, 9 Jul. 1948 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName id="6A08F104488B2558BD70FC83F591D62B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="3FDB1FFC4E56E6999A77922B3E4D3892" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Burmann, gen. slide GU 86-109 ♀ P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, but 10 Jul. 1948 e.l., gen. slide GU 86-109 ♀ P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, but 15 Jul. 1948 e.l.; 1 ♀, same data, but 19 Jul. 1948 e.l. Italy: 3 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="6024EA4524443FF07EA24CDEBD53FFF5" originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Laas, 5 Jul. 1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName id="7F6AAD4C8037AC3E64059F40C1B9AB32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="84986260D796B38AE7E161B5E475B73B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) leg. Huemer, gen. slide GEL 1290 ♂ P. Huemer; 1 ♂, same data, but 2 Jul. 1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName id="6B6DD378BF89C25F8F550C89C2BBD74E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4748877282FE65B84C6196F4DD11E03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 1 ♀, same data, but 14 Jul. 1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName id="7DD2421E871E7ACEB5E3A6880B127FE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F984DB8494A7D3078DF81F43B13D701F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 1 ♀,
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<normalizedToken id="05D6233521F82D94C81F1903F32F52A0" originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Laatsch, 1000 m, 19 Aug. 1972, leg. Burmann; 1 ♀,
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<normalizedToken id="6AB6EB804BFCB9D696E4263A14A73D96" originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Matschertal, Waalweg, 1750 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="9384D408700DD3590A0A069BB6AFC3AB" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="46.712223">46°42'44"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BDA81E8501D1A59C35755C2B5CBCBB76" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="10.642222">10°38'32"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 24 Aug. 2017, leg. Huemer, DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 23714 (all TLMF).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E327118ACE4782715FDDFFCCF5143D3B" doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures21-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403192" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 21–24" startId="F7">
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<paragraph id="CB590880DF738F20BC598336FCB275A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="4BFBCEB9260F1900DC53FCF505D13507" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 21-24.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex).
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<emphasis id="0D9B881E3FF97D901BF8900F34844442" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">21</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5FAED24795442B7641ECB48FDC0BC3B5" baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum schleichi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis id="5A53D481CDD364151CD3150BF4DD30B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Syria, slide GU 86/273 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="906490F13E77BF96213D987C85B9BBC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">22</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="320E9342335206CC74ACA24BD7E2159C" lsidName="C. dianthella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dianthella">
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<emphasis id="C3787E991EDDFFE6B6AFFE35D970768C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. dianthella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="212483AF1E5462298386E586DFEA312A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">23</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="16EE6EF188DEAEA5E765D2F8BB2278D1" lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis id="1F8B6102F28DC814241AB74A6F59443C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="B300557DD570F22D07FED05019A462AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">24</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="527617693924E0B430554D2A72850556" lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis id="D0C9F3142C4442EE1799B7AA52F298C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Italy, slide GEL 120 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="85D36786C00A41F59663DAB7EE96BBF5" doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures25-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403193" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 25–28" startId="F8">
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<paragraph id="984387C8788C30A10ADE8A2313FCC76C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="427AAB5692D513D9C00AB7EAD8341FAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 25-28.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex).
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<emphasis id="58361AF4987173EE6586B1F2F17157E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">25</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E685CABFBB7AE02F72DA0AECBAC49778" baseAuthorityName="Benander" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum arenariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis id="C23F0CF220FD22D5E9513F5EF60A0773" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Russia, slide GEL 1260 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="6DD5D49F5E04D8A482C2AE0F5C9080F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">26</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="34CE6D42CBD6A3A26265E04AF6EFB44C" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis id="149F5D580759DC452BC7F95F22E54A2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, Italy, slide GEL 1255;
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<emphasis id="3ABCE30A0AB8060673C9568AF044FADF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">27</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3706629F49D1F799EB42A017CCD4873B" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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||
<emphasis id="F21C0C1044406322054CAA517EB84ED0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1258 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="4E8404238D0D07E396A12F59B5EA351A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">28</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CF03329659D3581C31D1D19E4B251647" lsidName="C. habeleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="habeleri">
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<emphasis id="D4C75100CE74CB136DD73D0D58448CD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. habeleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, France, slide GEL 1289 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="500ACCC575368AF4CC7D42EAABE2C871" doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures29-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403194" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 29, 30" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="46B696A88B72A2BD97E8521774C4BFF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="49081C7948ED50D71F0318DE22C1E1CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 29, 30.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="F8EAE41E4EDE2D3A7AD4747217E3884F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">29</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99302ABC73430E6F47C15E7243D9A145" baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum schleichi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schleichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C7172A25A7678235284446AEF6EEC28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum schleichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Syria, slide GU 86/277 P. Huemer;
|
||
<emphasis id="C32362919F633A48F19F564DD5ACD7B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">30</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F3C38AFF86EED1617A4C0B9AF7D4CCE" lsidName="C. dianthella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dianthella">
|
||
<emphasis id="D791FA315EE7BAECBC960360172FF30E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. dianthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CC11F3E452BDDBDBF8A47B51829BB76F" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D67F95AC7C69DAA113B90BC8D550A8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3FBCED59023D53FB37B43977EA966D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="579CAC5440D6BCC0541B642775CFAA7D" lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCA643640FDB27C4C634F7B2063CB2D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC5AA56D6785DF387C87EADB2AE09EEA" lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F84B7C710723454C67746F4DF186D799" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the brown rather than white head, thorax and tegulae. It is usually larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3F0213BF32859F6B4B4D74DDAB48B1F" lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
|
||
<emphasis id="538525AAB3E0BC7A7CF4FCCC1FA832EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAB435A04CF4E0C8097EE91AEE68CF65" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
|
||
<emphasis id="60D96D4576292A084722B86AE42B5A1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but otherwise cannot be reliably separated from the other species of the complex by external characters. The male genitalia are characterized in particular by the distally widened valva with a moderately long, pointed dorsal process, a character which is only shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FEBA0FF96BCF598FBB3056C2DBD3500" lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
|
||
<emphasis id="473523B53087B9B299ED09E492E60352" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAFFDFF5D3BDC2701EE6B5CC6A7F2658" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E6D522898509FC225DA709102B237E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BD04063E671C792D5177F228F3A016" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
|
||
<emphasis id="459683D8BA3618F0812E434EBDF1A52F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this process is distinctly shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B8DCB504B282FFE10A75E9DC53C5B48" lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA4283B769BDB9E4BA6C705B45FB3878" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DAD7940D835556F5FF2835E95CAB081" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A38F6AB15DF14387A092FA5C106BBD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C68F03F0A548F63D26FC96C8AC0B400" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C60B6A168884AB1BAD7AB4F9BAF1BE02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several characters such as the broader valva with a longer dorsal process and the distinctly shorter latero-medial processes of the vinculum. The female genitalia are hardly discernible from several other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5568C6A56A9319A2763717BCA620ACC" lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD94154BDA476E4CF250DA0F93E698F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group though the short crescent shaped base of the signum in combination with the moderately slender signum hook seem characteristic and differ from all other species except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="168F3F3F397A30FB02F9FE86CA79F8DA" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DE938F781FC53DB59D1C321BE87A597" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the individual variation of these characters is insufficiently documented due to lack of material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4561F99F13FFAEC019534775B1508DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6EA6C5019FF9C9C401AEBA866C5282C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F2B8D0BB1FAC32E1A617AF63255DFA43" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Adult (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="261A34690769ACBC0EF9FC46D0B1E2A5" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Adults. 3 Caryocolum schleichi, male, Syria; 4 C. dianthella, male, Spain; 5 C. improvisella, male, Austria; 6 C. improvisella, female, Austria; 7 C. arenariella, male, Sweden; 8 C. arenariella, female, Sweden." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403188" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="56563EF33DF8D779011C18FCAF9C9974" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Adults. 3 Caryocolum schleichi, male, Syria; 4 C. dianthella, male, Spain; 5 C. improvisella, male, Austria; 6 C. improvisella, female, Austria; 7 C. arenariella, male, Sweden; 8 C. arenariella, female, Sweden." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403188" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length ♂ 5.5-7.0 mm, ♀ 4.5-6.0 mm. Head with dark grey-brown vertex, mottled with white, frons cream-white; first segment of labial palpus dark brown, second segment cream-white on inner and upper surface, ventral and outer surface predominantly dark brown, dark brown mixed with few whitish scales on segment three; antenna black, weakly ringed paler. Thorax and tegula dark brown anteriorly, posterior half mixed cream with dark brown and some rusty brown mottling. Abdomen grey to whitish grey on ventral surface. Forewing dark brown, mottled with greyish white on dorsal margin; white transverse fascia from fold to costa at one-fifth; white medial spot occasionally extended towards costal and dorsal margin; white costal and tornal spots separate; fringes basally dark brown, distal part paler. Hindwing light grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="233506F8DB27BFC33747B2E97460A8F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="36A9D8427F9F22BCD5AEA267BB92237E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73E02808FE32CC70CBA72AB1A33CC11E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">The extension of white markings of the forewings varies considerably.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E91FA7A58EA67152C6DB9D1FD1B5EC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="male genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph id="406F710799686CE27A76A514522BAABF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D806F51EB356A47AFA4F9EE1C8E6A469" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="49787745EEFBCE30230EAB0A02E27809" captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Male genitalia. 13 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 14 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 15 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 16 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1290 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403190" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FED586CA5139EEAC2BAA26DC31B028D8" captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Male genitalia. 13 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 14 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 15 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 16 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1290 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403190" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3039A7D1582F1A185E61283F6386E82" captionStart="Figures 21–24" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 21 - 24. Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex). 21 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 22 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 23 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 24 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 120 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures21-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403192" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="477BBF19958C35ACD09829A118E52511" captionStart="Figures 21–24" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 21 - 24. Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex). 21 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 22 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 23 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 24 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 120 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures21-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403192" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus broadly sub-quadrangular, posterior corners rounded; lateral sclerites of gnathos distinct, medial part with large minutely spined culcitula; tegumen weakly widened anteriorly, with slightly emarginated anterior margin; transtilla sclerotized, longitudinally folded; pedunculus large, sub-oval, with sclerotized inner edge; valva nearly straight, long, distal part broadly dilated with weakly curved dorsal and straight ventral edges, apex with two processes, moderately long and pointed dorsal process extended to about middle of uncus, broadly digitate ventral process at about right-angles to and about length of dorsal process; sacculus moderately long, slender, with parallel margins, apically pointed; posterior margin of vinculum deeply incised medially, with pair of moderately long digitate processes, pair of latero-medial processes broadly hump-like; saccus slightly longer than valva, slender, gradually tapered to apex; phallus long, slender, nearly straight, apically with area of small cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="52470463E9C9F08D6C768116CC64B0B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="female genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph id="770B6E1724F8414667AF505BF7C1C113" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Female genitalia</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B00E2324C4E33DCE5FF44FBF833F1CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9308A2F150CF0C384093EFB65DAE0C6" captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Female genitalia. 31 Caryocolum improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 32 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403195" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0956613EFF7BD02D761B9D48AA347402" captionStart="Figures 36–39" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 36 - 39. Female genitalia (segment VIII). 36 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 277 P. Huemer; 37 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer; 38 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 39 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures36-39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403197" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">38</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="013835A09EAF0FC74BA85178A2273445" captionStart="Figures 43–46" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 43 - 46. Female genitalia (signum). 43 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 277 P. Huemer; 44 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer; 45 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 46 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures43-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403199" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apophysis posterior about four times length of apophysis anterior; segment VIII without processes, smooth; ostium bursae with short lateral folds; apophysis anterior about length of segment VIII; antrum short, about one-fifth length of apophysis anterior, funnel-shaped; posterior part of ductus bursae with pair of long lateral sclerites extending to about apex of apophysis anterior, membranous part of ductus bursae about length of segment VIII including apophysis anterior; signum on right side of entrance to sub-oval corpus bursae, with broad and shortly crescent-shaped base and moderately slender hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0557378FBB8777A25229CA7318D0D2F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph id="23434C7C88BF514A8B2365D3A3762C86" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD09C17A4D18B24D0A8880134A5E5AEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
BIN: BOLD:ACL3018. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.31%, the maximum distance 0.46% (p-dist) (n = 3). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F20FFD3FD3924E403CA790EDC62CEE10" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="0273A41FBFE941B75BB16BD97556B573" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is 3.05%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20DF293C38BAD6FCA0673432CD8999BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F842CDC164B2E38577053461D42334A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FCA6C493C426EF0920E941E06966DDAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E1AB7AEFFADFC067E7F362D0A6B3B51" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of successfully sequenced material of the C. schleichi species group. Map created with SimpleMappr (http: // www. simplemappr. net)." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403186" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is currently only known from a small section of the Central Alps of Switzerland, Italy and Austria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EA8E6026C4DD2A3E78B6FD9A1EBED47" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph id="3AA13BA862CB344C8E09D709E84D35DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A4AF4CD6C90ED48F67B93642E1B04CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The larva has been recorded feeding within shoots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59F7D64B826AAE9C59962354E4C1210B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="90986F95370C95A076CC8644D3A08B50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wulfen (Klimesch 1953;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E470DA1EDCB989C3A919D42848A55C46" author="Burmann, K" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 184" refId="B6" refString="Burmann, K, 1990. Beitraege zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. XIV. Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck 77: 171 - 184" title="Beitraege zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. XIV. Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)." volume="77" year="1990">Burmann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.) and moths emerged from early July to the beginning of August. The species has been recorded along steep rock-surface on siliceous soil in the montane zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C1F39B370603D881E45751F0409351CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A91D93669880A042AAA983D46F85985" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AC8D4F29FA89D2D6D99A98FE7E61E0C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90B8669C90BCB754FA89EE4EB25BA7F4" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita improvisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improvisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBB27BF5AD3A13FDCB9D51C293E7C84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Lita improvisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ collected at two different localities in Switzerland (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CAE9B1D63940E9D3FC03963E062A153E" originalValue="Graubünden">Graubuenden</normalizedToken>
|
||
) by Thomann, and a further incorrectly identified specimen probably of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A4F87790378BA4528717BFB80A75069" lsidName="C. leucomelanella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="leucomelanella">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B4A6CE3DC5829884E6A874BFD415B51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. leucomelanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Valais, with the genitalia figured in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A95F1B1ED3759E36A8ACCC217587888B" author="Rebel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="2 - 4" refId="B27" refString="Rebel, H, 1936. Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz. Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 21: 2 - 4" title="Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz." volume="21" year="1936">Rebel 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Klimesch (1953) figured the male genitalia of a syntype from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DF3B5872251130C33085F4CEB5CEBA9" originalValue="Remüs">Remues</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which is here designated as the lectotype in order to fix the identity. The second specimen from Landquart, 1.vii.1922, leg. Thomann, probably belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="640651F5AB72922823D38B7F73684C15" lsidName="C. habeleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="habeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="80AB1765CBDFF071FD73E1FB0FCA8E82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. habeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species which has been collected nearby in the Swiss Rhine valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |