834 lines
166 KiB
XML
834 lines
166 KiB
XML
<document id="E783C4125EA4F09CCDBCAEED2B878B0C" ID-CLB-Dataset="55124" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9556c547-8d8c-436e-8bcd-ada9b0052eec" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624033" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1675932506880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haynes, Jody L. & Schutzman, Bart" docDate="2023" docId="CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.584.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 584 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Zamia sandovalii C. Nelson 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="3713FFDF5C3BFFC6C872946E6A7A1939" masterDocTitle="Emended description of Zamia sandovalii (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), the cliff-dwelling cycad from Atlántida, Honduras" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1738320286461" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="8F9A60C88649E95B365AB9C1B8213217" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="06F06198A821A08AA01CC199572E4FBB">
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<mods:title id="129B1EA2DD7A3935F75B5AC7B28B2D6B">Emended description of Zamia sandovalii (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), the cliff-dwelling cycad from Atlántida, Honduras</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="396EE767CCBD9E3F7DC537A13339AB60" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0037B0C23EBECE12C7F2659B9D1617EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DA102CF18AC109661AA96826CFEBB9D9">Haynes, Jody L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7DD74F34CA1A3AEE6706306AD0371C62" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3273-444X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5860728E6D1FCBE8038026FB3F0694A">Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd., Coral Gables, Florida, 33156, U. S. A. & jody @ cycadconservation. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3273 - 444 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E566DD8FA6C143CD25198B2C79D5041D" type="email">jody@cycadconservation.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D34EF87288951C15A8F9E2F0B8933F0F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C8AE089E6F9C767685A894995B84C31F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BF4CCEE95D0145C38AF2D778F495DD53">Schutzman, Bart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F9F8B58060B036B7058D3984772F313" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7341-4843</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C8447686A62848F7B1BB759CE2D81F8">Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, 1531 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, U. S. A. & bart @ ufl. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7341 - 4843</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D81BE71D96A6FC59DBF7089B89753DD5" type="email">bart@ufl.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B246E2003CEED8CC3454C79D7E3C16D6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="523D877768DE2AF0FBC783C2288FBA58">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1BD3AD73557A72CEE8383C7BF26B07F8">
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<mods:date id="CF41414EEDC89846E30BF7C760818A39">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1DFE705597C1ED42F90CE67C8F068ECF">2023-02-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7836C22C0E32E71A66E4B9CD2446CA4E">584</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E8B2D03EBF2726325D76BBF734B37A16">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="A6A84184E00474C079368B6FDD2AEE67" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C02471218B497A605B2E2331CF01F0EE" type="Zenodo-Dep">7624033</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7629898" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209286110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7629898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" scope_family="Zamiaceae" scope_order="Cycadales">
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<subSubSection id="0B99653A5C3AFFC7C8FA960669FA1BBB" box="[136,896,616,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="433C36B15C3AFFC7C8FA960669FA1BBB" blockId="1.[136,896,616,643]" box="[136,896,616,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="187481DD5C3AFFC7C8FA960669FA1BBB" box="[136,896,616,643]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3AFFC7C8FA96066BB81BBB" authority="C. Nelson" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[136,450,616,643]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
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||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C8FA96066B2A1BBA" bold="true" box="[136,336,616,643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
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||
C.Nelson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C9BC9606686B1BBB" box="[462,529,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Ceiba</emphasis>
|
||
46(1): 41–42, figs. 1–10. (2007)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0B99653A5C3AFFC7C8FA96FE6F231B9F" box="[136,1369,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="433C36B15C3AFFC7C8FA96FE6F231B9F" blockId="1.[136,1369,656,678]" box="[136,1369,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C8FA96FE6AB81B9C" bold="true" box="[136,194,656,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Type:</emphasis>
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—
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||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C3AFFC7C8A996FE6F2F1B9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565302" box="[219,1365,656,678]" collectingDate="2006-01-24" collectionCode="G, TEFH" country="Honduras" elevation="200" location="Tropical" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida">
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<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3AFFC7C8A996FE6B191B9C" box="[219,355,656,677]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">HONDURAS</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3AFFC7C91896FE6BBD1B9F" box="[362,455,656,678]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="465C606A5C3AFFC7C9A296FE685A1B9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C3AFFC7C9A296FE685A1B9F" box="[464,544,656,678]" country="Honduras" name="Tropical" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Atlantida">Tropical</location>
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humid forest,
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<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CADE96FE68911B9C" box="[684,747,656,677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="200.0">
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<elevation id="C8AED1825C3AFFC7CADE96FE68911B9C" box="[684,747,656,677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="373D10715C3AFFC7CA8796FE69EC1B9F" box="[757,918,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="2006-01-24">
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<collectingDate id="2779E9995C3AFFC7CA8796FE69EC1B9F" box="[757,918,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="2006-01-24">24 January 2006</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CBD296FE6EFC1B9C" box="[928,1158,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
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<collectionCode id="2592AE745C3AFFC7CBD296FE69CE1B9C" box="[928,948,656,677]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
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. Sandoval’ et al. 1154
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<collectionCode id="2592AE745C3AFFC7CCE696FE6EAD1B9C" box="[1172,1239,656,677]" country="Honduras" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">TEFH</collectionCode>
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!, five sheets)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0B99653A5C3AFFC4C8FA96BA6E741F5B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="433C36B15C3AFFC4C8FA96BA68961871" blockId="1.[136,1452,724,2083]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C8FA96BA6B661BD7" bold="true" box="[136,284,724,750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C94A96BA6B021BD7" box="[312,376,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Habit</emphasis>
|
||
cremnophyte (typical) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CAFA96BA696A1BD7" box="[648,784,724,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CB5596BA69271BD7" box="[807,861,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Stem</emphasis>
|
||
obovoid to napiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC2E96BA6E991BD6" box="[1116,1251,724,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CC8996BA6F111BD6" box="[1275,1387,724,751]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C8FA96966A831A2A" box="[136,249,760,787]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., acaulescent to decumbent, may be completely subterranean, solitary, lacking persistent leaf bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C8E297726B671A0E" box="[144,285,796,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
); taproot to 1+ m long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CA4D977268EC1A0E" box="[575,662,796,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. At base, distally attenuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC5597726EFB1A0F" box="[1063,1153,796,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); coralloid roots in large, amorphous masses often extending above soil surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CB7F972E691E1A62" box="[781,868,832,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex covered in cataphylls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CCBB972E6F5A1A63" box="[1225,1312,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), remainder of stem bearing closely-spaced circumferential striations resembling growth rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC27970A6ECA1A46" box="[1109,1200,868,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CCBC970A6F3B1A47" box="[1230,1345,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">cataphylls</emphasis>
|
||
elongate triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, rugulose to rugose, papyraceous,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CBC197E66E7C1A9A" box="[947,1030,904,931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CC3997E66EC91A9A" box="[1099,1203,904,931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.0">5–6.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base, medium to dark brown, base appressed, tip acuminate and erect to slightly reflexed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CBB897C26E671AFF" box="[970,1053,940,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CC4397C36E051AFF" box="[1073,1151,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
1–3 per crown (in habitat),
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C8FA97BE6A801AD2" box="[136,250,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 m</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C93197BE6BC91AD2" box="[323,435,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="62.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="50.0">50–75 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, pendulous (when growing on a steep gradient [typical]) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CCF497BE6EA71AD3" box="[1158,1245,976,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) to arcuate (when growing on level ground [atypical]) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CA5F979A68B81D37" box="[557,706,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 2B, 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); vernation straight with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded (when viewed adaxially) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C9C0907668711D0A" box="[434,523,1048,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CA57907668F11D0B" box="[549,651,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">leaf base</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CAE6907668841D0A" box="[660,766,1048,1075]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick, distinctly swollen, bulbous, glabrous, medium green, often with a brown to reddish-brown collar (similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3AFFC7CB3090526F501D6F" authority="Lehm. [1834: 14]" authorityName="Lehm." authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1834" box="[834,1322,1084,1110]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Encephalartos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CB3090526E261D6F" box="[834,1116,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Encephalartos lehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
Lehm. [1834: 14]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CD3190526FE01D6E" box="[1347,1434,1084,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C8FA900E6AAE1D43" box="[136,212,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">petiole</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C8AE900E6B231D42" box="[220,345,1120,1147]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="71.5" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="42.0">42–101 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C9D3900E68701D42" box="[417,522,1120,1147]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., terete to slightly flattened adaxially, lightly armed with small prickles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CD0C900E6B731DA6" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D, 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C96890EA6B461DA6" box="[282,316,1156,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); emerging silvery pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CAEF90EA688D1DA7" box="[669,759,1156,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), quickly becoming glabrous; mean petiole:rachis ratio 1:10;
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C8FA90C66AB41DFB" box="[136,206,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">rachis</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C8A690C66B351DFA" box="[212,335,1192,1219]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="69.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="33.0">33–105 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, terete, unarmed, extending beyond the leaflets into a protracted tip to
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CCE390C66EBD1DFA" box="[1169,1223,1192,1219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; bearing 14–35 evenly-spaced leaflet pairs; emerging silvery pubescent (occasionally golden apically), quickly becoming glabrous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C8E2909E6A9D1C32" box="[144,231,1264,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C88D909E6B2A1C33" box="[255,336,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">leaflets</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, falcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CA42909E68FD1C33" box="[560,647,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CAEC909E69771C32" box="[670,781,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">25–38 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CB26909E69DD1C32" box="[852,935,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide (median), mean length:width ratio 8:13; coriaceous, medium green, apex acute to acuminate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CAA9917A694B1C17" box="[731,817,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); margins slightly revolute, finely serrulate in distal half to two-thirds; insertion opposite to subopposite, apically oblique, mean pinna-rachis angle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3AFFC7CCD791566F151C6B" author="Grobbelaar, N." box="[1189,1391,1336,1362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" refId="ref7060" refString="Grobbelaar, N. (2002) Cycads, with Special Reference to the Southern African Species. Published by the author, Pretoria, South Africa." type="book" year="2002">Grobbelaar, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) 40º, articulation attenuate, green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C9A5913268571C4E" box="[471,557,1372,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
); basally keeled and non-overlapping to succubously imbricate, medially and apically flat to declinate, non-overlapping to succubously imbricate; emerging finely silvery to golden pubescent, quickly becoming glabrous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C9A691CA68541C86" box="[468,558,1444,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CA3891CA68E61C87" box="[586,668,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">eophyll</emphasis>
|
||
typically with two pairs of falcate leaflets
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CCE891CA6E8B1C86" box="[1178,1265,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CD4D91CA6FD11C86" box="[1343,1451,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C94491A66BF61CDB" box="[310,396,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C9D391A768A91CDB" box="[417,723,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Microsporangiate strobilus</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical to long conical,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CC6391A66EEC1CDA" box="[1041,1174,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="24.25" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="17.5">17.5–31 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CCAD91A66F271CDA" box="[1247,1373,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., occurring singly or in groups of 4 or more, medium brown, tan to reddish-brown pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CCD791826E861F3F" box="[1189,1276,1516,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex acute to acuminate, occasionally bearing an apiculum measuring
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CB61927E69091F12" box="[787,883,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CBB2927E6E631F13" box="[960,1049,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); erect to leaning at maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CD0C927E6AD01F77" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C8B1925A6B521F77" box="[195,296,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">peduncle</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C95D925A6BED1F76" box="[303,407,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.15" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="6.0">6–6.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C9AD925A68261F76" box="[479,604,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., medium brown, tan to reddish-brown pubescent, straight to sigmoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C8E292366A921F4B" box="[144,232,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C97092366BBE1F4B" box="[258,452,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">microsporophylls</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C9BF923668321F4A" box="[461,584,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CAE39236688A1F4A" box="[657,752,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CB4C923669E71F4A" box="[830,925,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, spirally arranged in 18–22 columns and 25–35 rows, oriented perpendicular to cone axis when immature, ascending at dehiscence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CCC992126F6D1FAF" box="[1211,1303,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); unexposed adaxial surface concave, tan to olive green, uniformly dotted with lighter colored spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC1E92CE6EBF1F83" box="[1132,1221,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); unexposed abaxial surface convex with elevated longitudinal ridge measuring
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CB4292AA69EA1FE6" box="[816,912,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and extending along entire length, tan to olive green, uniformly dotted with lighter colored spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CB7D928669131E3B" box="[783,873,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. New female cone emerging in November on a plant of Zamia sandovalii in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras (photo by Simon Lavaud)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624045/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); bullae protruding
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CC3892866ED01E3A" box="[1098,1194,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, trapezoidal in profile, oblong hexagonal in outline, central facet well-defined, oblong hexagonal, concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC3193626EE01E1F" box="[1091,1178,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CCC193636F1F1E1F" box="[1203,1381,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">microsporangia</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CD1E93626ACE1E72" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., 14–20 per sporophyll, restricted to unexposed abaxial surface, sparsely distributed in clusters of 2–3 along either side of raised longitudinal ridge, bivalvate at dehiscence, internally striated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC05933A6EAB1E57" box="[1143,1233,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7CC94933B6A931EAB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Megasporangiate strobilus</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7C90693166B981EAA" box="[372,482,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12–18 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CA54931668F71EAA" box="[550,653,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–9 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., often partially obscured by surrounding cataphylls, causing cone to appear sessile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C92193F26BA31E8E" box="[339,473,1948,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); typically solitary (although a younger cone may occasionally emerge while an older cone is nearing maturity) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C9C893AE68391EE2" box="[442,579,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); dull tan to medium green, tan to reddish-brown pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CD7F93AE6F0A1EE2" box="[1293,1392,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CDF093AE6ADD1EC6" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex blunt to acuminate, occasionally bearing an apiculum to
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CB0E938A69801EC6" box="[892,1018,2020,2047]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7CC31938A6EB21EC6" box="[1091,1224,2020,2047]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); erect to leaning at maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C8859C666B09111A" box="[247,371,2056,2083]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1C,D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC7C9F09C666BA8111A" box="[386,466,2056,2083]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3AFFC7C9999C66682A111B" box="[491,592,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">peduncle</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CA2A9C6668BB111A" box="[600,705,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C3AFFC7CB7B9C6669FD111A" box="[777,903,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., tan to reddish-brown pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3AFFC4CD3D9C666AD01980" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8B394F06B051981" box="[193,383,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">megasporophylls</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4C9F794F0687B1980" box="[389,513,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4CA3794F068ED1980" box="[581,663,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4CAAD94F069211980" box="[735,859,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall, spirally arranged in 7–12 columns and 8–9 rows, oriented perpendicular to cone axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C39FFC4CA6D94AC68D819E4" box="[543,674,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); bullae protruding
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4CBF094AC69AA19E4" box="[898,976,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, compressed trapezoidal in profile, oblong hexagonal in outline, central facet often weakly defined, oblong hexagonal to irregular hexagonal, flat to concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C39FFC4CD0C94886AAD181C" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C89C95646B51181D" box="[238,299,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">seeds</emphasis>
|
||
ovoid to 3-sided,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4C98695646821181C" box="[500,603,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4CAD395646964181C" box="[673,798,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., 100–200 per cone, tan, smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C39FFC4CCA595646F56181D" box="[1239,1324,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
); immature sarcotesta white, maturing to reddish-orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C39FFC4CAF8954068A51871" box="[650,735,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17FC66395C39FFC4C8FA91696F1E1CCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" startId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" targetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C39FFC4C8FA91696F1E1CCC" blockId="2.[136,1452,1287,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8FA91696B7F1C25" bold="true" box="[136,261,1287,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat and vegetative characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CAD2916669301C25" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[672,842,1287,1309]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CAD2916669301C25" box="[672,842,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C39FFC4C8CF924A6E741F5B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1571,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C39FFC4C8CF924A69351F04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565308" box="[189,847,1571,1598]" collectingDate="1962-08-15" collectionCode="M" country="Honduras" location="Atlantida" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8CF924A6B451F07" bold="true" box="[189,319,1572,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C3888135C39FFC4C8CF924A6B431F07" box="[189,313,1572,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C39FFC4C92E924A6B801F07" box="[348,506,1572,1598]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">HONDURAS</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C39FFC4CA70924D68151F04" box="[514,623,1571,1597]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<date id="373D10715C39FFC4CA0A924D69501F04" box="[632,810,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="1962-08-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2779E9995C39FFC4CA0A924D69501F04" box="[632,810,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="1962-08-15">15 August 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="2592AE745C39FFC4CB46924A69351F04" box="[820,847,1572,1597]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CB46924A69351F04" box="[820,847,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CB3D924A69291F04" box="[847,851,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C39FFC4CB2A924D6E2D1F07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565303" box="[856,1111,1571,1598]" collectionCode="CAVA" country="Honduras" location="Kimnach" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CB2A924D69971F07" box="[856,1005,1571,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location id="465C606A5C39FFC4CB2A924D69C71F04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C39FFC4CB2A924D69C71F04" box="[856,957,1571,1597]" country="Honduras" name="Kimnach" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Atlantida">Kimnach</location>
|
||
431
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2592AE745C39FFC4CB88924A6E3F1F07" box="[1018,1093,1572,1598]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15047" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15047" name="University of California at Berkeley" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">CAVA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C39FFC4CC17924A6F6B1F04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565306" box="[1125,1297,1571,1598]" collectingDate="2003-07-28" collectionCode="J" country="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<date id="373D10715C39FFC4CC17924A6E8D1F07" box="[1125,1271,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2003-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2779E9995C39FFC4CC17924A6E8D1F07" box="[1125,1271,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2003-07-28">28 July 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="2592AE745C39FFC4CD73924A6F6B1F04" box="[1281,1297,1572,1597]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CD73924A6F6B1F04" box="[1281,1297,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">J</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CD63924A6F6F1F04" box="[1297,1301,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C39FFC4CD68924A687B1F5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565304" collectionCode="TEFH" country="Honduras" location="Haynes" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CD68924A6BEF1F5B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location id="465C606A5C39FFC4CD68924A6F141F04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C39FFC4CD68924A6F141F04" box="[1306,1390,1572,1597]" country="Honduras" name="Haynes" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Atlantida">Haynes</location>
|
||
et al. JLH03-037, JLH03-038
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2592AE745C39FFC4C9D792266B8F1F5B" box="[421,501,1608,1634]" country="Honduras" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">TEFH</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C39FFC4CA7F922668911F5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565301" box="[525,747,1607,1634]" collectingDate="2006-01-24" collectionCode="G" country="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<date id="373D10715C39FFC4CA7F922668B31F58" box="[525,713,1607,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2006-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2779E9995C39FFC4CA7F922668B31F58" box="[525,713,1607,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2006-01-24">24 January 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="2592AE745C39FFC4CAA6922668911F5B" box="[724,747,1608,1634]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CAA6922668911F5B" box="[724,747,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CA99922668951F5B" box="[747,751,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C39FFC4CA8492296E731F5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565307" box="[758,1033,1607,1634]" collectionCode="TEFH" country="Honduras" location="Sandoval" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CA84922969E41F58" box="[758,926,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location id="465C606A5C39FFC4CA84922969241F58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C39FFC4CA84922969241F58" box="[758,862,1607,1633]" country="Honduras" name="Sandoval" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Atlantida">Sandoval</location>
|
||
et al.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2592AE745C39FFC4CBDC922669841F5B" box="[942,1022,1608,1634]" country="Honduras" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">TEFH</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B99653A5C39FFC1C8CF92056E3F1BCC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C39FFC4C8CF92056ED31FCB" blockId="2.[136,1452,1571,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8CF92056B231FBC" bold="true" box="[189,345,1643,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C907920268401FBC" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[373,570,1643,1669]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C907920268401FBC" box="[373,570,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to a single river basin on the Caribbean versant of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Department of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C39FFC4C98A92E168191F90" box="[504,611,1679,1705]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C39FFC4CA1D92E168A51F90" box="[623,735,1679,1705]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, within the general area referred to locally as the ‘North Coast’. Plants exhibit an aggregated distribution, typically growing on cliffs, steep hillsides, and road cuts at
|
||
<quantity id="847B9B545C39FFC4CD7792DA6FDD1FF4" box="[1285,1447,1715,1742]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="100.0">100–400 masl</quantity>
|
||
, and seeming to prefer slopes of 60–70º (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C39FFC4CA3992B669331FCB" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[587,841,1752,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C39FFC4CB2692B96E7A1FC8" author="Sandoval, G." box="[852,1024,1751,1777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C39FFC4CC7892B96EE11FCB" box="[1034,1179,1751,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C39FFC4C8CF92956E461ED7" blockId="2.[136,1452,1571,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8CF92956B591E2C" bold="true" box="[189,291,1787,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—Typical habitat is wet tropical forest dominated by large trees, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CC0D92926F361E2C" box="[1151,1356,1787,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CC0D92926F361E2C" box="[1151,1356,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Bursera simaruba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gumbo limbo) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C97C93716BB71E00" box="[270,461,1823,1849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C97C93716BB71E00" box="[270,461,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Ceiba pentandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(kapok), and palms such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CB6B937169E91E03" box="[793,915,1823,1850]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Attalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CB6B937169101E00" box="[793,874,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Attalea</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(American oil palm). Other associated species include smaller palms (
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C9E4932A6BC41E64" box="[406,446,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C9BD932A68931E64" box="[463,745,1860,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C9BD932A68931E64" box="[463,745,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Astrocaryum mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CA8B932A690F1E67" box="[761,885,1860,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Bactris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CA8B932A69301E64" box="[761,842,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Bactris</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CBF6932D6ECA1E64" box="[900,1200,1859,1885]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Chamaedorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricana">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CBF6932D6ECA1E64" box="[900,1200,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedorea costaricana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), woody shrubs (
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CD0E932A6FDE1E64" box="[1404,1444,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C8FA93066A8F1EBB" box="[136,245,1896,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8FA93066ABC1EB8" box="[136,198,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Piper</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C97A930968641EB8" box="[264,542,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C97A930968641EB8" box="[264,542,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Zanthoxylum foliolosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), aroids (
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CAE5930668C51EB8" box="[663,703,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CAA6930669151EBB" box="[724,879,1896,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CAA6930669451EB8" box="[724,831,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Monstera</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CBF393096E221EBB" box="[897,1112,1895,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Philodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CBF393096E601EB8" box="[897,1050,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Philodendron</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CC1893066F5F1EBB" box="[1130,1317,1896,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Syngonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CC1893066E9C1EBB" box="[1130,1254,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Syngonium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CD4593096A841E9C" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CD4593096A841E9C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Xiphidium caeruleum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), gingers (
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C90D93E26BDA1E9C" box="[383,416,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C9CB93E2683B1E9F" box="[441,577,1932,1958]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C9CB93E2687F1E9F" box="[441,517,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), cacti (
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CAD393E268B31E9C" box="[673,713,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CAA993E269AD1E9C" box="[731,983,1931,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Disocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CAA993E269AD1E9C" box="[731,983,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Disocactus ramulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CB9A93E56E8F1E9C" box="[1000,1269,1931,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Epiphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxypetalum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CB9A93E56E8F1E9C" box="[1000,1269,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Epiphyllum oxypetalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CD7493E26B691EF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Epiphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="phyllanthus" variety="hookeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CD7493E26FD61E9C" box="[1286,1452,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">E. phyllanthus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8CF93C16B691EF0" box="[189,275,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">hookeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C95793C168421EF0" box="[293,568,1967,1993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Hylocereus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C95793C168421EF0" box="[293,568,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Hylocereus minutiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CA3893C169521EF0" box="[586,808,1967,1993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Rhipsalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CA3893C169521EF0" box="[586,808,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Rhipsalis baccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and ferns (
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CBB693DE699C1EF0" box="[964,998,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CB8D93C16EE61EF3" box="[1023,1180,1967,1994]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Lygodiaceae" genus="Lygodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CB8D93C16E141EF0" box="[1023,1134,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lygodium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4CCDE93C16FDE1EF0" box="[1196,1444,1967,1993]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Niphidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4CCDE93C16FDE1EF0" box="[1196,1444,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Niphidium crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C39FFC4C8FA93BD6BD41ED4" box="[136,430,2003,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhodopleuron">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C39FFC4C8FA93BD6BD41ED4" box="[136,430,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Polypodium rhodopleuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C39FFC4C9B593BA68BF1ED7" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[455,709,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C39FFC4CAA293BD69001ED4" author="Sandoval, G." box="[720,890,2003,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C39FFC4CBF793BD6E4A1ED7" author="Kimnach, M." box="[901,1072,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="134 - 139" refId="ref7316" refString="Kimnach, M. (2008) Some succulent memories, part 5: Lost and found in Honduras. Cactus and Succulent Journal 80: 134 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 0007 - 9367 (2008) 80 [134: SSM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Kimnach 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17FC66395C38FFC5C8FA900D68241CA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" startId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C38FFC5C8FA900D68241CA0" blockId="3.[136,1452,1123,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C8FA900D6B781D41" bold="true" box="[136,258,1123,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetative characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5CA65900A68C41D40" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[535,702,1124,1145]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5CA65900A68C41D40" box="[535,702,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5C96D90BE6B231DDF" box="[287,345,1232,1254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C38FFC5C8CF91A669021F4B" blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C8CF91A66BE61CDB" bold="true" box="[189,412,1480,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Geology and soils:</emphasis>
|
||
—The soils of the North Coast region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C38FFC5CB0C91A669911CDB" box="[894,1003,1480,1506]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
are typically weathered from intrusive granite (Kozuch 1991). Samples collected in 2003 from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C3888135C38FFC5CB39918269011F3F" box="[843,891,1516,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality revealed the following details about its composition: pH = 7.2 (neutral); % organic matter = 7.5 (above average); % total nitrogen = 0.37 (average); available nutrients = 22.1 ppm phosphorus (above average), 104 ppm potassium (average), 2,370 ppm calcium (above average), and 440 ppm magnesium (above average) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CA1E923669161F4B" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[620,876,1624,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C38FFC5C8CF92126BE61FE7" blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C8CF92126B5C1FAF" bold="true" box="[189,294,1660,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Climate:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F3EB3CEC5C38FFC5C93092126BE21FE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027565305" country="Honduras" latitude="1.8" location="The North Coast" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-2.8" municipality="North Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="465C606A5C38FFC5C930921268731FAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C38FFC5C930921268731FAF" box="[322,521,1660,1686]" country="Honduras" latitude="1.8" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-2.8" municipality="North Coast" name="The North Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A358ACCB5C38FFC5C908921268731FAF" box="[378,521,1660,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">North Coast</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C38FFC5CA48921268DD1FAF" box="[570,679,1660,1686]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
experiences a tropical climate, with relatively consistent rainfall throughout most of the year (totaling
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="26B750765C38FFC5CA5B92CE681D1F83" box="[553,615,1696,1722]" degrees="1,800" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="55" value="1.8">1,800</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="26B750765C38FFC5CA1592CE68CC1F83" box="[615,694,1696,1722]" degrees="2,800" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="55" value="-2.8">–2,800</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+ mm annually), but with a slightly drier period from March to June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5C8E292AA6BEA1FE7" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[144,400,1732,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C38FFC5C8CF928669F91E8F" blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C8CF92866BBA1E3B" bold="true" box="[189,448,1768,1794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Population structure:</emphasis>
|
||
—This species occurs in small sporadic colonies of 12 or more plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CC9E92866AB91E1F" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5C8A393626BFB1E1F" author="Sandoval, G." box="[209,385,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In a transect survey conducted within a protected area of the river basin,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CC9C93626FD61E1F" author="Sandoval, G." box="[1262,1452,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated the total population of this species at around 77,000 plants at a mean density of nearly 100 plants per km². Because this estimate included a large proportion of seedlings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CB28933A6E731E57" author="Sandoval, G." box="[858,1033,1876,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the actual number of mature plants within the extent of occurrence could be an order of magnitude lower. The presence of cones of both sexes, seedlings, and juvenile plants suggests that the species is actively reproducing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C38FFC2C8CF93AE688718C5" blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,509]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C8CF93AE6B171EE3" bold="true" box="[189,365,1984,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Biogeography:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5C9FB93AE68C81EE3" authorityName="J. L. Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman & R. S. Adams" authorityYear="2008" box="[393,690,1984,2010]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C9FB93AE68C81EE3" box="[393,690,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Ceratozamia hondurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5CABA93AF69D11EE3" authorityName="C. Nelson & Sandoval" authorityYear="2008" box="[712,939,1985,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onan-reyesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5CABA93AF69D11EE3" box="[712,939,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Zamia onan-reyesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5CBB393AF6F321EE3" authority="C. Nelson (2007: 42)" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="2007" box="[961,1352,1984,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oreillyii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5CBB393AF6E3A1EE3" box="[961,1088,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Z. oreillyii</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CC1793AE6F321EE3" author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[1125,1352,1984,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref7372" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2007) Dos plantas del genero Zamia (Gimnosperma) nuevas de Honduras. Ceiba 46: 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">Nelson (2007: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5CDE793AF6A871EC7" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5CDE793AF6A871EC7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Z. sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all endemic to the North Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C38FFC5CAB5938A694E1EC7" box="[711,820,2020,2046]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CB34938A6E1A1EC7" author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[838,1120,2020,2046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref7372" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2007) Dos plantas del genero Zamia (Gimnosperma) nuevas de Honduras. Ceiba 46: 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">Nelson Sutherland 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CC1D938A6F341EC7" author="Haynes, J. L. & Whitelock, L. M. & Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S." box="[1135,1358,2020,2046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="16 - 21" refId="ref7263" refString="Haynes, J. L., Whitelock, L. M., Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S. (2008) A new endemic Ceratozamia from Honduras (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). Cycad Newsletter 31 (2 / 3): 16 - 21." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Haynes
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5CCBF938B6F731EC7" box="[1229,1289,2020,2046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C38FFC5CD2E938A6BAA111B" author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. & Sandoval Gonzalez, G. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="135 - 136" refId="ref7401" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. & Sandoval Gonzalez, G. G. (2008) Una especie nueva de Zamia (Zamiaceae) de Honduras. Ceiba 49 (1): 135 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5377 / ceiba. v 49 i 1.299" type="journal article" year="2008">Nelson Sutherland & Sandoval 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5C9909C6768EF111B" authorityName="Schutzman" authorityYear="1989" box="[482,661,2056,2082]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="standleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5C9909C6768EF111B" box="[482,661,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Zamia standleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C38FFC5CAB99C676918111B" authorityName="Standl. & L. O. Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[715,866,2057,2082]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mejiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C38FFC5CAB99C676918111B" box="[715,866,2057,2082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Dioon mejiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occur in the region, but this is the northernmost extent of their much more extensive ranges that extend to the south into the departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2CCCF94F06F7E1981" box="[1213,1284,158,184]" country="Honduras" name="Colon" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2CD6194F06F0F1981" box="[1299,1397,158,184]" country="Honduras" name="Olancho" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Olancho</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2C8FA94AD6AC519E4" box="[136,191,195,221]" country="Honduras" name="Yoro" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Yoro</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C8BC94AC6BB519E5" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[206,463,194,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Haynes 2007,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2CA0F94AD690419E5" author="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A." box="[637,894,194,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref7183" refString="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A. (2007) An emended description of Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. O. Williams (Zamiaceae). Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 418 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.026" type="journal article" year="2007">Haynes & Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The likely sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CCB494AD6F0A19E5" authorityName="J. L. Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman & R. S. Adams" authorityYear="2008" box="[1222,1392,194,221]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CCB494AD6F0A19E5" box="[1222,1392,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">C. hondurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CDE094AD69511839" authority="Vasq. Torres, Sabato & D. W. Stev. (1986: 17)" authorityName="Vasq. Torres, Sabato & D. W. Stev." authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1986" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euryphyllidia">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CDE094AD6B671839" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">C. euryphyllidia</emphasis>
|
||
Vasq. Torres, Sabato & D.W.Stev. (1986: 17)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2CB4E9488698F1838" author="Chemnick, J." box="[828,1013,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="10 - 13" refId="ref6968" refString="Chemnick, J. (2005) In the field with Ceratozamia euryphyllidia. The Cycad Newsletter 28 (2): 10 - 13." type="journal article" year="2005">Chemnick 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2CC7194896E9A1839" author="Haynes, J. L. & Whitelock, L. M. & Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S." box="[1027,1248,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="16 - 21" refId="ref7263" refString="Haynes, J. L., Whitelock, L. M., Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S. (2008) A new endemic Ceratozamia from Honduras (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). Cycad Newsletter 31 (2 / 3): 16 - 21." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Haynes
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CC1294896EE11839" box="[1120,1179,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which occurs in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2C8FA95646AA6181D" box="[136,220,266,292]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2C96295656B0D181C" box="[272,375,267,293]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3FFFC2C9F395646BAD181D" box="[385,471,266,292]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C996956468C4181D" author="Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R." box="[484,702,266,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref6922" refString="Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R. (2022) The World List of Cycads, online edition. Available from: https: // www. cycadlist. org / (accessed 7 August 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Calonje
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CA369565680E181D" box="[580,628,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the likely sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CB8795656EF7181D" authorityName="Standl. & L. O. Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[1013,1165,267,292]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mejiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CB8795656EF7181D" box="[1013,1165,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Dioon mejiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CCC995656AC61871" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CCC995656F26181D" box="[1211,1372,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">D. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
(1883: 412)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2C883954169851870" authority="De Luca, A. Moretti, Sabato & Vazq. Torres (1980: 225)" authorityName="De Luca, A. Moretti, Sabato & Vazq. Torres" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1980" box="[241,1023,302,329]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rzedowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2C88395416BF11871" box="[241,395,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">D. rzedowskii</emphasis>
|
||
De Luca, A.Moretti, Sabato & Vázq.Torres (1980: 225)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occur in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2CCC595406F711871" box="[1207,1291,302,328]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2CD3395416FD21870" box="[1345,1448,303,329]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3FFFC2C8FA953C6AA41855" box="[136,222,338,364]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C89E953C6B911855" author="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A." box="[236,491,338,365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref7183" refString="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A. (2007) An emended description of Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. O. Williams (Zamiaceae). Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 418 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.026" type="journal article" year="2007">Haynes & Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C985953C68AB1855" author="Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R." box="[503,721,338,365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref6922" refString="Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R. (2022) The World List of Cycads, online edition. Available from: https: // www. cycadlist. org / (accessed 7 August 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Calonje
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CA27953D68FC1855" box="[597,646,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and the likely sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CC4C953D6EAB1855" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[1086,1233,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CC4C953D6EAB1855" box="[1086,1233,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Z. sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CD73953D680E18A8" authority="Vovides, Schutzman & Dehgan (1988: 351)" authorityName="Vovides, Schutzman & Dehgan" authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="1988" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cremnophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CD73953D6FD61855" box="[1281,1452,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Z. cremnophila</emphasis>
|
||
Vovides,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C8829518680E18A8" author="Schutzman, B. & Vovides, A. P. & Dehgan, B." box="[240,628,374,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="347 - 360" refId="ref7718" refString="Schutzman, B., Vovides, A. P. & Dehgan, B. (1988) Two new species of Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from southern Mexico. Botanical Gazette 149 (3): 347 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 337725" type="journal article" year="1988">Schutzman & Dehgan (1988: 351)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CADE95196EB418A9" authority="Schutzman & Vovides (1998: 441)" authorityName="Schutzman & Vovides" authorityPageNumber="441" authorityYear="1998" box="[684,1230,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacandona">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CADE9519693A18A9" box="[684,832,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Z. lacandona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2CB3A95186EB418A9" author="Schutzman, B. & Vovides, A. P." box="[840,1230,374,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="441 - 446" refId="ref7673" refString="Schutzman, B. & Vovides, A. P. (1998) A new Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from eastern Chiapas, Mexico. Novon 8: 441 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3391871" type="journal article" year="1998">Schutzman & Vovides (1998: 441)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), which occur in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2C89A95F46B38188D" box="[232,322,410,436]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8147F8535C3FFFC2C90495F46BAE188D" box="[374,468,410,436]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3FFFC2C9AD95F4684F188D" box="[479,565,410,436]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2CA3095F4696D188D" author="Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R." box="[578,791,410,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref6922" refString="Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R. (2022) The World List of Cycads, online edition. Available from: https: // www. cycadlist. org / (accessed 7 August 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Calonje
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CAD395F568AB188D" box="[673,721,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—thus the biogeographic link between the floristic refuges of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3FFFC2C96195D06B1318E1" box="[275,361,446,472]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3FFFC2C9D695D0686B18E1" box="[420,529,446,472]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
is herein strengthened to three cycad species groups in three genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2CD4495D06AB918C4" author="Chemnick, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="10 - 13" refId="ref6968" refString="Chemnick, J. (2005) In the field with Ceratozamia euryphyllidia. The Cycad Newsletter 28 (2): 10 - 13." type="journal article" year="2005">Chemnick 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C8BC958D6BB118C5" author="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A." box="[206,459,482,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref7183" refString="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A. (2007) An emended description of Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. O. Williams (Zamiaceae). Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 418 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.026" type="journal article" year="2007">Haynes & Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C9A4958C688B18C5" author="Perez-Farrera, M. A. & Vovides, A. P. & Martinez-Camilo, R. & Martinez-Melendez, N. & Iglesias, C." box="[470,753,482,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="433 - 443" refId="ref7523" refString="Perez-Farrera, M. A., Vovides, A. P., Martinez-Camilo, R., Martinez-Melendez, N. & Iglesias, C. (2009) A reassessment of the Ceratozamia miqueliana species complex (Zamiaceae) of southeastern Mexico, with comments on species relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity 7 (4): 433 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990211" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Pérez-Farrera
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CA07958D68DC18C5" box="[629,678,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17FC66395C3FFFC2C8FA9102689D1E37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" startId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" targetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3FFFC2C8FA9102689D1E37" blockId="4.[136,1452,1388,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2C8FA91026B7F1CB8" bold="true" box="[136,261,1388,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3FFFC2CA3A910368881CB8" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[584,754,1388,1410]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2CA3A910368881CB8" box="[584,754,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3FFFC2C8CF93536F281EFA" blockId="4.[136,1452,1853,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3FFFC2C8CF93536B961E6E" bold="true" box="[189,492,1853,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Reproductive phenology:</emphasis>
|
||
—Large, developing female cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3FFFC2CBF593536E6B1E6E" box="[903,1041,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and remnants of spent male cones were observed in July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3FFFC2C9E2930F68E81E42" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[400,658,1889,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and newly emerging female cones have been observed in November (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3FFFC2C8E293EB6AAD1EA6" box="[144,215,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. New female cone emerging in November on a plant of Zamia sandovalii in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras (photo by Simon Lavaud)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624045/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) (S. Lavaud pers. comm.). Sprouting seeds and young seedlings with new eophylls were also observed in November (S. Lavaud pers. comm.), suggesting female cone dehiscence occurs between August and October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17FC66395C3EFFC3C8FA93E66AA51EFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624045/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" startId="5.[136,234,1928,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3EFFC3C8FA93E66AA51EFB" blockId="5.[136,1452,1928,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3EFFC3C8FA93E66A861EA4" bold="true" box="[136,252,1928,1950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. New female cone emerging in November on a plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3EFFC3CB7D93E669CC1EA4" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[783,950,1928,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3EFFC3CB7D93E669CC1EA4" box="[783,950,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat near La
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3EFFC3CC1493E66EDA1EA7" box="[1126,1184,1928,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Honduras (photo by Simon Lavaud).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="17FC66395C3DFFC0C8FA93E66AAA1EF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624049/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" startId="6.[136,234,1928,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3DFFC0C8FA93E66AAA1EF8" blockId="6.[136,1451,1928,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3DFFC0C8FA93E66A811EA4" bold="true" box="[136,251,1928,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3DFFC0C97493E66BED1EA4" authorityName="Godart" authorityYear="1824" box="[262,407,1928,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eumaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toxea">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3DFFC0C97493E66BED1EA4" box="[262,407,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Eumaeus toxea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caterpillars feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3DFFC0CA0493E669661EA4" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[630,796,1928,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3DFFC0CA0493E669661EA4" box="[630,796,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaflets collected in habitat near La
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3DFFC0CC0393E66ED11EA7" box="[1137,1195,1928,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Honduras (photo by Mark Bonta).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3CFFC1C8CF94F068F91855" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C8CF94F06B181981" bold="true" box="[189,354,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Ethnobotany:</emphasis>
|
||
—As with the other zamias of the North Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B9476215C3CFFC1CBF194F069891981" box="[899,1011,158,184]" name="Honduras" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this one is known locally as ‘camotillo’ (generic term for tuber) or ‘yuca de ratón’ (mouse manioc) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1CB5494AC69D619E5" author="Bonta, M." box="[806,940,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="120 - 142" refId="ref6803" refString="Bonta, M. (2007) Ethnobotany of Honduran cycads. Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 120 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.009" type="journal article" year="2007">Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1CBC594AC6EB019E5" author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[951,1226,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref7372" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2007) Dos plantas del genero Zamia (Gimnosperma) nuevas de Honduras. Ceiba 46: 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">Nelson Sutherland 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Contrary to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1CD1694AD6A971839" authorityName="Schutzman" authorityYear="1989" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="standleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1CD1694AD6A971839" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Zamia standleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—widely known to be traditionally used for poisoning people as well as rodents—there is no evidence of local human uses for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1C90B956568D1181D" authority="(Bonta 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Bonta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[377,683,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C90B95656871181D" box="[377,523,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Z. sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1CA68956468D9181D" author="Bonta, M." box="[538,675,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="120 - 142" refId="ref6803" refString="Bonta, M. (2007) Ethnobotany of Honduran cycads. Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 120 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.009" type="journal article" year="2007">Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It should be noted that the lack of ethnobotanical knowledge of this species comes from it not having been studied in detail; however, the name ‘camotillo’ suggests that uses may have existed for the plant (M. Bonta pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3CFFC1C8CF95186884188C" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C8CF95186B7918A9" bold="true" box="[189,259,374,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Pests:</emphasis>
|
||
—Larvae of a hairstreak butterfly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1CAF0951969AA18A9" authority="Godart (1824)" authorityName="Godart" authorityYear="1824" box="[642,976,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eumaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toxea">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1CAF09519695618A9" box="[642,812,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Eumaeus toxea</emphasis>
|
||
Godart (1824)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1CBAF95186E1118A9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[989,1131,374,400]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1CC0695186E8218A9" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1140,1272,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), were observed feeding on a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1C91B95F56856188D" baseAuthorityName="Bonta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[361,556,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C91B95F56856188D" box="[361,556,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBB82A345C3CFFC1CAD995F4688A188C" box="[683,752,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eumaeus toxea caterpillars feeding on Zamia sandovalii leaflets collected in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3CFFC1C8CF95D06BD11B50" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C8CF95D06B5918E1" bold="true" box="[189,291,446,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Threats:</emphasis>
|
||
—Because plants of this species have a proclivity for growing along road cuts, certain populations may be relatively easy for collectors to find, while also being at risk from road improvement projects. Although the threat of deforestation is high throughout much of its limited range, the species’ saving grace may be its cliff-dwelling habit, as steep slopes tend to be the last areas impacted by migrant agriculture and cattle ranching in the region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1CD4A96446B771B51" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1C96A96216BE51B50" author="Bonta, M." box="[280,415,590,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref6761" refString="Bonta, M. (2005) (Ed.) Recomendaciones para la conservacion de Zamiaceae en Honduras. Resultados del tour Cientifico de Cicadales de Honduras 2005. Apoyado por el Montgomery Botanical Center y SERNA-Cambio Climatico. Unpublished." type="book" year="2005">Bonta 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="433C36B15C3CFFC1C8CF961F6E3F1BCC" blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C8CF961F6BCE1BB5" bold="true" box="[189,436,625,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84834D325C3CFFC1C9A2961C68E91BB2" baseAuthorityName="Bonta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[464,659,625,651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="71F7EAA35C3CFFC1C9A2961C68E91BB2" box="[464,659,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs within two national parks on the North Coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1CC9D961C6AB91B96" author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1C8BC96FB6B021B97" author="Sandoval, G." box="[206,376,660,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1C9F096FB6B861B96" author="FAO" box="[386,508,661,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref6994" refString="FAO (2022) Decreto Nº 396 / 05 - Crease el Parque Nacional " Nombre de Dios ", como parte integrante del Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas de Honduras (SINAPH). Available from: https: // www. fao. org / faolex / results / details / es / c / LEX-FAOC 069756 / (accessed 15 November 2022)" type="url" year="2022">FAO 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, based on its propensity to grow along road cuts, there is a constant threat of illicit collecting. This, combined with its limited range and the possibility of habitat degradation, the current Red List assessment is EN A3cd; B1ab(i–v)+2ab(i–v) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27124B405C3CFFC1CACF96B56E431BCC" author="Bonta, M. & Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[701,1081,731,757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref6861" refString="Bonta, M. & Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2022) Zamia sandovalii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e. T 178860 A 69837176. https: // www. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2022 - 1. RLTS. T 178860 A 69837176. en" type="book" year="2022">Bonta & Nelson Sutherland 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |