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<mods:title id="E408B059D7B2964B28C78DD00A064B1D">A new testate amoebae species Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. from subtropical forest soils in Wuhan, central China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A02AECC3E1FAC1037ADCC43A8A3D838">Bobrov, Anatoly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ACEE0B5F1FB4461659264C2E9E9E48AB">Qin, Yangmin</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="CA70879FF0325E2BC4C2829E2F7BAA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5921645" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154535084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5921645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA70879FF0325E2BC4C2829E2F7BAA82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA70879FF0325E2BC4C2829E2F7BAA82" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
<subSubSection id="0AC36502F0325E2BC4C2829E29FEAB73" box="[151,643,1532,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="42663689F0325E2BC4C2829E29FEAB73" blockId="2.[151,643,1532,1591]" box="[151,643,1532,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
<heading id="192E81E5F0325E2BC4C2829E29FEAB73" bold="true" box="[151,643,1532,1558]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC4C2829E29FEAB73" authority="Qin, 2019" authorityName="Bobrov &amp; Qin &amp; Payne" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,643,1532,1558]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="wuchanica">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC4C2829E29FEAB73" bold="true" box="[151,643,1532,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC4C2829E297EAB73" bold="true" box="[151,515,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Planhoogenraadia wuchanica</emphasis>
Qin, 2019
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AC36502F0325E2BC4C2817C2F7BAA82" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="description">
<paragraph id="42663689F0325E2BC4C2817C2A6FAB52" blockId="2.[151,643,1532,1591]" box="[151,274,1566,1591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
(
<figureCitation id="DAE22A0CF0325E2BC4CA817C2A75AB52" box="[159,264,1566,1591]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,989,1011]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1423,801,1425]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,195,968]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1435,772,1446]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,195,968]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Outline of Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. (1A, 1B) in ventral and lateral views. (16 characters of the shell measured (see Table 1). Scale bar is 50 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. SEM images showing Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. (A,D) lateral view; (B, E) the upper cap like structure; (C, F) dorsal view.). Scale bars: A, C, D, F, 50 µm, B, 30 µm, E, 10 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2625387/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2625389/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42663689F0325E2BC4C281042FDCAB8F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1638,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC4C281042932AB1A" bold="true" box="[151,591,1638,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Comparison with similar species. C</emphasis>
ompared to species with similar morphology (
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC03B81052FA6AB1B" box="[1134,1243,1638,1662]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="bonetti">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC03B81052FA6AB1B" box="[1134,1243,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. bonetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC14981052EEEAB1B" box="[1308,1427,1638,1662]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="daurica">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC14981052EEEAB1B" box="[1308,1427,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. daurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC4C281E92AA1ABC6" box="[151,476,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
Planhogenraadia
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC53681E92AA1ABC6" authorityName="Bobrov &amp; Qin &amp; Payne" authorityYear="2019" box="[355,476,1675,1699]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="wuchanica">wuchanica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs by smaller size (
<tableCitation id="0F5B0332F0325E2BC6B881E8283BABC6" box="[749,838,1674,1699]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. and Planhoogenraadia liboica sp. nov. with related" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The ventral region of
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC00181E92F94ABC6" authorityName="Bobrov &amp; Qin &amp; Payne" authorityYear="2019" box="[1108,1257,1675,1699]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="wuchanica">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC00181E92F94ABC6" box="[1108,1257,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. wuchanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not as flat as other
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC48C81CC2AD6ABA3" authorityName="Bonnet" authorityYear="1977" box="[217,427,1710,1734]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC48C81CC2AD6ABA3" box="[217,427,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Planhoogenraadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The smaller shell length, narrower aperture and distinctive cap structure make
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC4C281B12A56AB8E" authorityName="Bobrov &amp; Qin &amp; Payne" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,299,1747,1771]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="wuchanica">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC4C281B12A56AB8E" box="[151,299,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. wuchanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically distinct from the similar taxa
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC76881B128E9AB8F" box="[829,916,1747,1770]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC76881B128E9AB8F" box="[829,916,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. acuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC7F081B12891AB8E" box="[933,1004,1747,1771]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC7F081B12891AB8E" box="[933,1004,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. alta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC07781B12FE7AB8F" box="[1058,1178,1747,1770]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="asturica">
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC07781B12FE7AB8F" box="[1058,1178,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">P. asturica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42663689F0325E2BC49281952F7BAA82" blockId="2.[151,1436,1638,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
Many protists exhibit phenotypic plasticity which can lead to morphological variability that could be mistakenly assumed to represent taxonomic difference (
<bibRefCitation id="26484B78F0325E2BC76680782F6CAA56" author="Mulot, M. &amp; Marcisz, K. &amp; Grandgirard, L. &amp; Lara, E. &amp; Kosakyan, A. &amp; Robroek, B. J. &amp; Lamentowicz, M. &amp; Payne, R. J. &amp; Mitchell, E. A. D." box="[819,1041,1818,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" pagination="729 - 739" refId="ref3154" refString="Mulot, M., Marcisz, K., Grandgirard, L., Lara, E., Kosakyan, A., Robroek, B. J., Lamentowicz, M., Payne, R. J. &amp; Mitchell, E. A. D. (2017) Genetic determinism vs. phenotypic plasticity in protist morphology. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiol ogy, 64 (6), 729 - 739. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12406" type="journal article" year="2017">
Mulot
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC7D2807928C2AA56" box="[903,959,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is improbable that phenotypic plasticity is the case here. Diagnostic features such as the cap are clearly-developed structures not present in other, related taxa, whereas phenotypic plasticity is typically associated with variability in properties such as length and volume (
<bibRefCitation id="26484B78F0325E2BC58F80E42999AAFA" author="Ogden, C. G. &amp; Hedley, R. H." box="[474,740,1926,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refId="ref3246" refString="Ogden, C. G. &amp; Hedley, R. H. (1980) An Atlas of Freshwater Testate Amoebae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 222 pp." type="book" year="1980">Ogden &amp; Hedley 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="26484B78F0325E2BC6A780E428AEAAFA" author="Arrieira, R. L. &amp; Schwind, L. T. F. &amp; Joko, C. Y. &amp; Alves, G. M. &amp; Velho, L. F. M. &amp; Lansac-Toha, F. A." box="[754,979,1926,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" pagination="180 - 190" refId="ref2206" refString="Arrieira, R. L., Schwind, L. T. F., Joko, C. Y., Alves, G. M., Velho, L. F. M. &amp; Lansac-Toha, F. A. (2016) Relationships between environmental conditions and the morphological variability of planktonic testate amoeba in four neotropical floodplains. European journal of Protistology, 56 (3), 180 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejop. 2016.08.006" type="journal article" year="2016">
Arrieira
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC70180E528FAAAFB" box="[852,903,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="26484B78F0325E2BC7B480E42FCDAAFA" author="Mulot, M. &amp; Marcisz, K. &amp; Grandgirard, L. &amp; Lara, E. &amp; Kosakyan, A. &amp; Robroek, B. J. &amp; Lamentowicz, M. &amp; Payne, R. J. &amp; Mitchell, E. A. D." box="[993,1200,1926,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" pagination="729 - 739" refId="ref3154" refString="Mulot, M., Marcisz, K., Grandgirard, L., Lara, E., Kosakyan, A., Robroek, B. J., Lamentowicz, M., Payne, R. J. &amp; Mitchell, E. A. D. (2017) Genetic determinism vs. phenotypic plasticity in protist morphology. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiol ogy, 64 (6), 729 - 739. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12406" type="journal article" year="2017">
Mulot
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC07A80E52F1CAAFB" box="[1071,1121,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). The coefficients of variation we identify are small, further suggesting that phenotypic plasticity is unlikely. It is overwhelmingly probable that
<emphasis id="70ADEA9BF0325E2BC56480AC2908AA83" box="[305,629,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
Planhogenraadia
<taxonomicName id="85D94D0AF0325E2BC5A980AC2908AA83" authorityName="Bobrov &amp; Qin &amp; Payne" authorityYear="2019" box="[508,629,1998,2022]" class="Lobosa" family="Plagiopyxidae" genus="Planhoogenraadia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Arcellinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="wuchanica">wuchanica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a previously-unrecorded species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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