137 lines
15 KiB
XML
137 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="7BB408C263BAADE8F6211477582F5A0F" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B1936772278FE1EFDCC8008FB44" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Colotis evagore subsp. antigone" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1551" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1551" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7669CD83D95B36ED03552F2FF249AC87">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E1EF7A11058C7380B048A9B44D1F24F5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="21420ECF17F6082FA41B9078C3829AB6">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55A08B747C4B44C1BD75B6974230388D">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0C3191028C58C036DFD3BEDD40019186">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2274DE0E8CBB319D9979A9F3C6F41D82">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="607BD8A6CBDB63C780E7AAD7197CF8DD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="58BE348C02ABB3BC55AC11ECED777E9D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7D4F73CF2A13EA030887129C9CCFADA5">
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<mods:date id="432F16FF5B991962B0EB0D433D52FE3F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="46AAB041CAB7A30319B2BC9CF7376A1B">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E53222DB8AF67C81B9E6C9B0564FFA91">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="09BF3EE85E36F6D1D817CC65FDEF30EF">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="02FF9A6D95FC0986A36114BCE312D777">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="71E9B57565C294140B4BDC6E0EB23CD1">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2D02131937985ED64ED6017A774ECAAF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="159D99E0F31E3DFB637B6E05D5D3CE1E" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9EA8FFD8CD47F8A14C82A122ACD7C3E" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436772278FE1EFDCC859AFD18" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36772278FE1EFDCC87CFFDB9" blockId="9.[451,932,534,559]" box="[451,932,534,559]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">
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<heading id="19401D6336772278FE1EFDCC87CFFDB9" box="[451,932,534,559]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36772278FE1EFDCC87CFFDB9" authority="(Boisduval, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[451,932,534,559]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evagore" subSpecies="antigone">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36772278FE1EFDCC86BDFDB8" bold="true" box="[451,726,534,558]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Colotis evagore antigone</emphasis>
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(Boisduval, 1836)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36772278FF09FD8D859AFD18" blockId="9.[212,1172,599,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FF09FD8D85DEFDF9" author="Kielland J" box="[212,437,599,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 267</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<specimenCount id="54B1618636772278FE18FD8D8642FDF9" box="[453,553,599,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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?
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FDE3FD8D86A7FDF9" author="Larsen TB" box="[574,716,599,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 7, figs 70 i, ii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FC62FD8D80FFFDF9" author="D' Abrera B" box="[959,1172,599,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 83</bibRefCitation>
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(11 figs). SI: Figure 9a–j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436772278FF09FD6C8008FB44" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36772278FF09FD6C8753FD78" blockId="9.[212,1171,694,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">
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Forewing length: male 17.0–
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<quantity id="854F07EA36772278FDCBFD6C86EDFD58" box="[534,646,694,718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.50 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36772278FD39FD6C869AFD58" box="[740,753,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">n</emphasis>
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= 7)
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<quantity id="854F07EA36772278FCECFD6C87CFFD58" box="[817,932,694,718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.846" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" unit="mm" value="18.46">18.46 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36772278FC6DFD6C87BFFD58" box="[944,980,694,718]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 0.424); female 15.0–19.0 mm (mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36772278FE09FD0C858AFD78" box="[468,481,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">n</emphasis>
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= 6)
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36772278FD79FD0C86A3FD78" box="[676,712,726,750]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.131).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36772278FF09FCC680EBFBA5" blockId="9.[212,1172,796,1234]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36772278FF09FCC6855FFCA2" box="[212,308,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Records.</emphasis>
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Widespread and common in wooded habitats within
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36772278FC6FFCC68075FCA2" box="[946,1054,796,820]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, from sea level to more than
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<quantity id="854F07EA36772278FE1DFCE68673FCC2" box="[448,536,828,852]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FDF0FCE686B9FCC2" author="Kielland J" box="[557,722,828,852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.57). Kielland did not give specific records, but the presence of this taxon on Mt
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36772278FD2FFC818717FCE5" box="[754,892,859,883]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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was recorded by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FB93FC81857AFC05" author="Butler AG" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler (1888</bibRefCitation>
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, p.92, under the synonym
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36772278FDB8FCA187BFFC05" authority="Butler 1888" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1888" box="[613,980,891,915]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Teracolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36772278FDB8FCA18750FC05" box="[613,827,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Teracolus comptus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FC97FCA187BFFC05" author="Butler AG" box="[842,980,891,915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and Aurivillius (1910a, p.12), and confirmed by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FD85FC41869BFC25" author="Liseki SD" box="[600,752,923,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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, who encountered this species on
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<date id="36098CCF36772278FB5BFC4185E2FC45" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" value="2000-09-09">9 September 2000</date>
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at
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA36772278FE6FFC61866CFC45" box="[434,519,955,979]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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(voucher in BMNH). The BMNH also has old material from
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36772278FEC8FC0185F4FC65" box="[277,415,987,1011]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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and Taveta. Beyond
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36772278FD41FC018763FC65" box="[668,776,987,1011]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, subspecies
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36772278FC49FC018799FC65" box="[916,1010,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">antigone</emphasis>
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occurs in dry habitats throughout most of Africa south of the Sahara, with other subspecies in North Africa and southern
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36772278FDD2FBC18639FBA5" box="[527,594,1051,1075]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Spain</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36772278FD82FBC186DDFBA5" box="[607,694,1051,1075]" name="Yemen" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Socotra</collectingCountry>
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and Arabia (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FC8DFBC18049FBA5" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" box="[848,1058,1051,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p.190).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36772278FF23FBE18008FB44" blockId="9.[212,1172,796,1234]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">
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Males of this small species vary somewhat with respect to the intensity of markings. Females are very variable, with dry season forms less marked with black than wet season individuals (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FDFEFBA086DBFB04" author="Larsen TB" box="[547,688,1146,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, p.136). Some females lack orange at the forewing tip, with intermediates (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36772278FDB6FB40877EFB24" author="D' Abrera B" box="[619,789,1178,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, p.84). Individuals with yellow ground colour also occur, but we have not seen any from the
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36772278FC44FB608048FB44" box="[921,1059,1210,1234]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="9" pageNumber="1551">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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area.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |