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<document id="E543248BE696FAD3FCEB81985487A9F0" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B193673227FFE26FAD88710FDC9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Colotis chrysonome" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1556" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1555" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5C9729331B6290EC58D72D6FD3736659">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8029F39497FBFEA0F8888EDCD7A398E1">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="69A3C893222C4AFFDE0E8F0FFE5BC111">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="AEE73A12BFC58656AC09BB4623AA28ED">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="19401D633673227CFE26FAD88706FA8C" box="[507,877,1282,1306]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3673227CFE26FAD88706FA8C" ID-CoL="X8KG" authority="(Klug, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[507,877,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysonome">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFE26FAD886BFFA8C" box="[507,724,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Colotis chrysonome</emphasis>
(Klug, 1829)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFF09FA9B807DFACF" blockId="13.[212,1046,1345,1369]" box="[212,1046,1345,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFF09FA9B8535FACF" author="Larsen TB" box="[212,350,1345,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6, figs 48 i.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFDC1FA9B8681FACF" author="D' Abrera B" box="[540,746,1345,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae &amp; Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d Abrera 1997: 72</bibRefCitation>
(3 figs). SI: Figure 13eh.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AADF9843673227FFF09FA5B8710FDC9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1556" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" type="description">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFF09FA5B8741FA2F" blockId="13.[212,1171,1409,1465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
Forewing length: male
<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFE38FA5B860BFA0F" box="[485,608,1409,1433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">1622 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFD18FA5B86B9FA0F" box="[709,722,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">n</emphasis>
= 5)
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,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3673227CFC79FA5B87A3FA0F" box="[932,968,1409,1433]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">SD</collectingRegion>
= 1.700); female
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(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFE76FA7B85D3FA2F" box="[427,440,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">n</emphasis>
= 5)
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,
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= 1.87003).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFF09FA3E855FFA6A" box="[212,308,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Records.</emphasis>
Lower scrub country of Northern Highlands of
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFCB2FA3E87B3FA6A" box="[879,984,1508,1532]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFC37FA3E80E7FA6A" author="Kielland J" box="[1002,1164,1508,1532]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p.56), from
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, where it overlaps with the more southerly
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3673227CFBDDF9DE80FFF98A" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1024,1172,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigineus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFBDDF9DE80FFF98A" box="[1024,1172,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">C. aurigineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFF06F9F985EFF9AD" author="Bernardi G" box="[219,388,1571,1595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref24836" refString="Bernardi G. 1989. Les savanes africaines, chorologie et speciation, notamment d' apres le genre Colotis (Lep., Pieridae). Mem Soc Biogegeogra. 3: 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1989">Bernardi 1989</bibRefCitation>
: map 3). Included as a member of the lower slopes fauna of
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3673227CFF09F9998535F9CD" box="[212,350,1603,1627]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
on the basis of the record by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFD6BF9998729F9CD" author="Butler AG" box="[694,834,1603,1627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler (1888</bibRefCitation>
, p.92), and several specimens in BMNH collected at localities up to about
<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFD38F9B98755F9ED" box="[741,830,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
. Beyond
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFC70F9B9807DF9ED" box="[941,1046,1635,1659]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
this taxon occurs in
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFE88F95985B3F90D" box="[341,472,1667,1691]" name="Mauritania" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFE32F959862EF90D" box="[495,581,1667,1691]" name="Senegal" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Senegal</collectingCountry>
(north),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFD62F9598693F90D" box="[703,760,1667,1691]" name="Serbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Mali</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFCD3F95987DEF90D" box="[782,949,1667,1691]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFC11F959804AF90D" box="[972,1057,1667,1691]" name="Nigeria" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(extreme northeast, Maiduguri area),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFE3FFF72864EFF56" box="[482,549,168,192]" name="Niger" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Niger</collectingCountry>
, central and eastern Sahara,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFC56FF7287BEFF56" box="[907,981,168,192]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFC3AFF728020FF56" box="[999,1099,168,192]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFF4DFF128484FF76" box="[144,239,200,224]" name="Somalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Somalia</collectingCountry>
, Arabia (south),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFE6AFF128679FF76" box="[439,530,200,224]" name="Uganda" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(north),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFDA3FF1286A3FF76" box="[638,712,200,224]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(north, east and south), and also in Arabia (except east),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFE7FFF328662FE96" box="[418,521,232,256]" name="Palestine" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Palestine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFDCBFF32863FFE96" box="[534,596,232,256]" name="Israel" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Israel</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFD4DFF328689FE96" box="[656,738,232,256]" name="Jordan" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Jordan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3670227FFF67FED287BBFE49" blockId="14.[144,1104,168,607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">
No subspecies are currently recognized.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3670227FFD5DFED2877AFEB6" author="Talbot G" box="[640,785,264,288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" pagination="173 - 246" refId="ref26191" refString="Talbot G. 1939. Revisional notes on the genus Colotis Hubn. (Lepid. Pieridae). With a systematic list. Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 88: 173 - 246." type="journal article" year="1939">Talbot (1939</bibRefCitation>
, p.217) listed three races, to which
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3670227FFF07FEF285E7FED6" author="Bernardi G" box="[218,396,296,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref24836" refString="Bernardi G. 1989. Les savanes africaines, chorologie et speciation, notamment d' apres le genre Colotis (Lep., Pieridae). Mem Soc Biogegeogra. 3: 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1989">Bernardi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
added at least
<emphasis id="70C3761D3670227FFDE5FEF286A0FED6" box="[568,715,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">C. c. helvolus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3670227FFD09FEF28709FED6" author="Butler AG" box="[724,866,296,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler, 1888</bibRefCitation>
. This issue may need to be re-addressed. In this context it should be noted that
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3670227FFCFFFE928791FEF6" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[802,1018,328,352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. (1995</bibRefCitation>
, p.186) gave the type-locality for
<emphasis id="70C3761D3670227FFE1DFEB2867CFE16" box="[448,535,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">helvolus</emphasis>
as “Kilim-njaro”, but this must be corrected to “Somali-land”, as is very clear from Butler s original text. Based on Talbot s account, if
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3670227FFF7BFE728521FE56" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[166,330,424,448]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysonome">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3670227FFF7BFE728521FE56" box="[166,330,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">C. chrysonome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were regarded as polytypic, then the
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3670227FFD30FE7D873DFE29" box="[749,854,423,447]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
populations would be included within the nominate subspecies, as accepted by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3670227FFCC5FE1D87A0FE49" author="Kielland J" box="[792,971,455,479]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3670227FFF67FE3D8710FDC9" blockId="14.[144,1104,168,607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">
A sexually dimorphic species, the female is very similar to the “ansorgei” form of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3670227FFF4DFDDD854CFD89" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[144,295,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigineus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3670227FFF4DFDDD854CFD89" box="[144,295,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">C. aurigineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but all
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3670227FFE79FDDD864DFD89" box="[420,550,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">chrysonome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females have a less strongly marked hindwing underside. Given its predilection for dry conditions, unlike
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3670227FFCEAFDFD87CCFDA9" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[823,935,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigineus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3670227FFCEAFDFD87CCFDA9" box="[823,935,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">aurigineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species is unlikely to move into even the lowest forest zone of
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3670227FFD34FD9D871CFDC9" box="[745,887,583,607]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="14" pageNumber="1556">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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