145 lines
16 KiB
XML
145 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="1040C10057926849F9C38D8735DB8354" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B193673227CFE20FE0D85B8FB59" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Colotis aurigineus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1555" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1555" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="536B91A643407A645F19D05728CC20CE">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9A771C547DBA4794E89BE7FAF59DD385" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4AF4BEE1358870F7B5C40704C3131CBC">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FFA0448561E3D87A3C721014E090E31">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E1E824D05FCB3F1F1DC8F98BED227315">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17566F927422DD3F9F623843D2810FF0">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="010037024F43B1C4380BE9705DFC657D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="671E70149674B438D49728801099459D">
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<mods:date id="815CF3C0B82B03E38AB02A029F42B592">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5F2A73F6DF5E357056067EC414A7564">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D1C4B977F9FBC7B89496F3F0FBB5EA7C">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E9E4527BB2909A15D7C3B25792190E0A">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8558909A7B60ABB87CC757ECA6057EDA">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="A7B8BCC560561172A452282EF92DF878">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E5190D7D304A668853C62E52169E5110">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E0261A770D048767C4AFB74B7A90CD33" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7A470178E2751EFD1EF291EE69F66E88" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF9843673227CFE20FE0D85F1FDD9" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFE20FE0D8701FE79" blockId="13.[509,874,471,495]" box="[509,874,471,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
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<heading id="19401D633673227CFE20FE0D8701FE79" box="[509,874,471,495]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3673227CFE20FE0D8701FE79" ID-CoL="X8KC" authority="(Butler, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[509,874,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigineus">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFE20FE0D86ADFE79" box="[509,710,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Colotis aurigineus</emphasis>
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(Butler, 1883)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFF09FDCD85F1FDD9" blockId="13.[212,1172,535,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFF09FDCD85C6FDB9" author="Kielland J" box="[212,429,535,559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 267</bibRefCitation>
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, 3 figs.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFDD9FDCD86E5FDB9" author="Larsen TB" box="[516,654,535,559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 6, figs 49 i–iii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFCB7FDCD805CFDB9" author="D' Abrera B" box="[874,1079,535,559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 72</bibRefCitation>
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(5 figs). SI: Figure 13a–d.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF9843673227CFF09FDAC85B8FB59" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFF09FDAC874FFD38" blockId="13.[212,1171,630,687]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
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Forewing length: male 20.0–
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<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFDC1FDAC86EAFD18" box="[540,641,630,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFD3FFDAD8684FD19" box="[738,751,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">n</emphasis>
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= 7)
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<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFCE9FDAC87F7FD18" box="[820,924,630,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="mm" value="21.2">21.2 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3673227CFC77FDAC87A5FD18" box="[938,974,630,654]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.275); female
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<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFF09FD4C850BFD38" box="[212,352,662,686]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.975" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="mm" value="19.75" valueMax="21.5" valueMin="18.0">18–21.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFE62FD4D85A7FD39" box="[447,460,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">n</emphasis>
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= 5)
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<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFDD2FD4C86E8FD38" box="[527,643,662,686]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.986" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="mm" value="19.86">19.86 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3673227CFD4DFD4C86DFFD38" box="[656,692,662,686]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 0.984).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFF09FD03871EFBC6" blockId="13.[212,1172,729,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFF09FD03855EFD67" box="[212,309,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Records.</emphasis>
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFE3BFD0386F9FD67" author="Kielland J" box="[486,658,729,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.56), generally common in drier parts of
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFF09FD23852BFC87" box="[212,320,761,785]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, including forest margins and open forest, at
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFC8BFD238788FC87" box="[854,995,761,785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="500.0">500–2200 m</quantity>
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. First recorded from
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3673227CFECEFCC385F6FCA7" box="[275,413,793,817]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFE17FCC3861FFCA7" author="Godman FD" box="[458,628,793,817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="537 - 541" refId="ref25356" refString="Godman FD. 1885. A list of the Lepidoptera collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston during his recent expedition to Kilima-njaro. Proc zool Soc Lond. 1885: 537 - 541." type="journal article" year="1885">Godman (1885</bibRefCitation>
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, p.540) at 5000 and
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFCBCFCC387D8FCA7" box="[865,947,793,817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 ft</quantity>
|
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFC62FCC38020FCA7" author="Butler AG" box="[959,1099,793,817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler (1888</bibRefCitation>
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, p.92) as
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3673227CFF2EFCE3863DFCC7" authority="Butler, 1888" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1888" box="[243,598,825,849]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Teracolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustus">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFF2EFCE385AFFCC7" box="[243,452,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Teracolus venustus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFE11FCE3863DFCC7" author="Butler AG" box="[460,598,825,849]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(a synonym), and Aurivillius (1910a, p.11), extensive material of this species from the lower slopes of
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3673227CFC98FC8287A4FCE6" box="[837,975,856,880]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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is present in the BMNH. Three specimens from Loitokitok (ex
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFD33FCA3875CFC07" box="[750,823,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Brodie</emphasis>
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), on the northern flank of the massif, are preserved in the OUMNH. Also recorded from Taveta by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFC22FC4280E7FC26" author="Butler AG" box="[1023,1164,920,944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler (1888</bibRefCitation>
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, p.92) and
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFE91FC62858EFC46" author="Rogers K & St A" box="[332,485,952,976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="127 - 130" refId="ref26095" refString="Rogers K, St A. 1913. A list of butterflies collected during the last ten years in British East Africa. Entomol Mon Mag. 49: 45 - 53, 94 - 100, 127 - 130." type="journal article" year="1913">Rogers (1913</bibRefCitation>
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, p.98), this species may penetrate the lower reaches of the forest at about
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<quantity id="854F07EA3673227CFE4FFC028585FC66" box="[402,494,984,1008]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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. However, we have no evidence of this, and it was not encountered at that elevation by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFDB5FC228768FB86" author="Liseki SD" box="[616,771,1016,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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. More widely, the species occurs from eastern
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFEB0FBC285C6FBA6" box="[365,429,1048,1072]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">DRC</collectingCountry>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFDFAFBC28614FBA6" box="[551,639,1048,1072]" name="Zambia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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and southern
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFCFAFBC28716FBA6" box="[807,893,1048,1072]" name="Malawi" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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northwards to southern
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3673227CFF09FBE28570FBC6" box="[212,283,1080,1104]" name="Sudan" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFEF6FBE28596FBC6" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" box="[299,509,1080,1104]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
; see also
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3673227CFDB0FBE28766FBC6" author="Bernardi G" box="[621,781,1080,1104]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref24836" refString="Bernardi G. 1989. Les savanes africaines, chorologie et speciation, notamment d' apres le genre Colotis (Lep., Pieridae). Mem Soc Biogegeogra. 3: 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1989">Bernardi 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: map 3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3673227CFF23FB8D85B8FB59" blockId="13.[212,1172,729,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">
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The butterfly is somewhat variable, but does not exhibit very marked sexual dimorphism or seasonal variation. Form “ansorgei” Marshall lacks grey-dusting at the base of the forewings, and is thought to be a wet season form (see also comment under
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3673227CFEC0FB6285A9FB46" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[285,450,1208,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysonome">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3673227CFEC0FB6285A9FB46" box="[285,450,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1555">C. chrysonome</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |