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<document id="ADDCC205A387E9B000E02C31FD3ACF02" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Belenois margaritacea subsp. plutonica" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1568" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1567" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A7C40B1ED23119FF9E22B25DB5658995">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="085A64A881629344126FBB68EB79830B">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="18B64F70F6E73674BEDF5A8FFC30FB40">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="34901302878D9CF9396BC21B5DA18732">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="75F39A0D35FE193D1E0090006D1E2E55">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5DE6BD2F515E430D993A831B834B0AAD">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="59E3A4C988BA247EC860CE958A81D60D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C7DE023C3778348F420C01C1BE30252">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="26A83B01F8D39EBB5AF314AB38876E2E">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CB2DDD17BD1C3471A8D04102ED02E4D3">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6357A9959FEE5C204ACFD9AC184A0868">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C595F951B27666E5320036F55D16482E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="469F0283C9C0E61A6ED074422B605D73" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1568" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
<subSubSection id="0AADF98436672268FEABFADE8068FACA" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FEABFADE879AFA8A" blockId="25.[374,1009,1284,1308]" box="[374,1009,1284,1308]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
<heading id="19401D6336672268FEABFADE879AFA8A" box="[374,1009,1284,1308]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36672268FEABFADE879AFA8A" authority="(Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[374,1009,1284,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaritacea" subSpecies="plutonica">
<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FEABFADE86B0FA8A" bold="true" box="[374,731,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Belenois margaritacea plutonica</emphasis>
(Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF09FA9E8068FACA" blockId="25.[212,1027,1348,1372]" box="[212,1027,1348,1372]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FF09FA9E85C0FACA" author="Kielland J" box="[212,427,1348,1372]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 267</bibRefCitation>
(1 fig).
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FDD5FA9E86BCFACA" author="D' Abrera B" box="[520,727,1348,1372]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae &amp; Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 89</bibRefCitation>
(2 figs). SI: Figure 29a–d.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AADF9843667226BFF09FA5E860DFDA9" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1568" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" type="description">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF09FA5E8683FA2A" blockId="25.[212,1171,1412,1468]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
Forewing length: male
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FE06FA5E8639FA0A" box="[475,594,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="24.0">24–28 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FD6CFA5E86D5FA0A" box="[689,702,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">n</emphasis>
= 8)
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FD23FA5E8719FA0A" box="[766,882,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.613" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="26.13">26.13 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FCA3FA5E87C9FA0A" box="[894,930,1412,1436]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">SD</collectingRegion>
= 0.873); female
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FBB1FA5E8548FA2A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="24.0">24– 30 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FE5EFA7E85FBFA2A" box="[387,400,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">n</emphasis>
= 7)
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FE0FFA7E862DFA2A" box="[466,582,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.761" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="27.61">27.61 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FD8EFA7E861CFA2A" box="[595,631,1444,1468]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">SD</collectingRegion>
= 1.627).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3667226BFF09FA3E804EFED6" blockId="25.[212,1172,1507,1691]" lastBlockId="26.[144,1104,168,575]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1568" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FF09FA3E855EFA6A" box="[212,309,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Records.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F2DFA0523667226BFE9AFA398077FF56" country="Kenya" county="Recorded on Kilimanjaro" elevation="2100" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1568" location="Northern" municipality="Rubeho Mts" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" specimenCount="1">
<location id="4768FCD436672268FE9AFA3985C4FA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9:4768FCD436672268FE9AFA3985C4FA6D" box="[327,431,1507,1531]" country="Kenya" county="Recorded on Kilimanjaro" municipality="Rubeho Mts" name="Northern" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Northern</location>
highlands (
<location id="4768FCD436672268FD99FA398768FA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9:4768FCD436672268FD99FA398768FA6D" box="[580,771,1507,1531]" country="Kenya" county="Recorded on Kilimanjaro" municipality="Rubeho Mts" name="Mt Kilimanjaro" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Mt Kilimanjaro</location>
,
<location id="4768FCD436672268FCC4FA39806BFA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9:4768FCD436672268FCC4FA39806BFA6D" box="[793,1024,1507,1531]" country="Kenya" county="Recorded on Kilimanjaro" municipality="Rubeho Mts" name="Ngorongoro Crater" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Ngorongoro Crater</location>
),
<location id="4768FCD436672268FBC0FA3980E4FA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9:4768FCD436672268FBC0FA3980E4FA6D" box="[1053,1167,1507,1531]" country="Kenya" county="Recorded on Kilimanjaro" municipality="Rubeho Mts" name="Pare Mts" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Pare Mts</location>
,
<location id="4768FCD436672268FF09F9D98539F98D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9:4768FCD436672268FF09F9D98539F98D" box="[212,338,1539,1563]" country="Kenya" county="Recorded on Kilimanjaro" municipality="Rubeho Mts" name="Usambaras" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Usambaras</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="A26C307536672268FE49F9D9864CF98D" box="[404,551,1539,1563]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Rubeho Mts</collectingMunicipality>
, montane forest glades and margins at
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FC21F9D980FFF98D" box="[1020,1172,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="m" value="2100.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="1500.0">
<elevation id="C99A4D3C36672268FC21F9D980FFF98D" box="[1020,1172,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="m" value="2100.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FF06F9F9851CF9AD" author="Kielland J" box="[219,375,1571,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p.61).
<collectingCounty id="AB69D28336672268FE10F9F98680F9AD" box="[461,747,1571,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Recorded on Kilimanjaro</collectingCounty>
by Aurivillius (1910a, p.11) as “
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36672268FB88F9FE854DF9CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FB88F9FE854DF9CA" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Pieris raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from the agricultural zone around Kibongoto upwards into the primary forest, as high as
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FE99F9B985F3F9ED" box="[324,408,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="m" value="2200.0">
<elevation id="C99A4D3C36672268FE99F9B985F3F9ED" box="[324,408,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, during March, April, September, October and December. This taxon shows geographical variation, with some populations intermediate to
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3667226BFC3EF95985A9FF56" authority="Joicey and Talbot" authorityName="Joicey and Talbot" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1568" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaritacea" subSpecies="kenyensis">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3667226BFC3EF959849DFF56" italics="true" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1568" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">B. margaritacea kenyensis</emphasis>
Joicey and Talbot
</taxonomicName>
, described from southeastern
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFCD9FF728725FF56" box="[772,846,168,192]" name="Kenya" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(Kielland loc. cit.)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="F2DFA0523664226BFBF9FF72804AFED6" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="B. Cooper" country="Tanzania" location="Ngorongoro Crater" municipality="However" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">
The
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3664226BFF4DFF12857CFF76" box="[144,279,200,224]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
population (represented in
<collectionCode id="24A632CA3664226BFD8CFF1286C3FF76" box="[593,680,200,224]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">BMNH</collectionCode>
by numerous male and a few female specimens collected by
<collectorName id="EF42CFD93664226BFE78FF32864AFE96" box="[421,545,232,256]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">B. Cooper</collectorName>
) appears to be typical
<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFC9DFF3287C8FE96" box="[832,931,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">plutonica</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="9D0C14AD3664226BFC64FF328782FE96" box="[953,1001,232,256]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<location id="4768FCD43664226BFF4DFED2851FFEB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193667226BFEABFADE860DFDA9:4768FCD43664226BFF4DFED2851FFEB6" box="[144,372,264,288]" country="Tanzania" municipality="However" name="Ngorongoro Crater" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">Ngorongoro Crater</location>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="A26C30753664226BFE50FED2859FFEB6" box="[397,500,264,288]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">However</collectingMunicipality>
, it was not encountered on
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3664226BFC93FED287BDFEB6" box="[846,982,264,288]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFBD0FED284BCFED6" author="Liseki SD" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3664226BFF3EFEF285B8FED6" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[227,467,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritacea">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFF3EFEF285B8FED6" box="[227,467,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Belenois margaritacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is limited to highland forests in
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFCE8FEF287F6FED6" box="[821,925,296,320]" name="Tanzania" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFC09FEF2804AFED6" box="[980,1057,296,320]" name="Kenya" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kenya</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3664226BFF67FE92860DFDA9" blockId="26.[144,1104,168,575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">
The butterflies are fairly constant in appearance, with very slight sexual dimorphism: the greyish-blue discal coloration of the male hindwing upperside is slightly more extensive than in females. Additionally, females lack preapical forewing streaks on the forewing upperside, whereas males usually have two, three or four such streaks. However, some males have only one streak – and occasionally, like the females, the apex is entirely black. In this regard the supposed near diagnostic difference between
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3664226BFF4DFDDD852EFD89" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[144,325,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritacea">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFF4DFDDD852EFD89" box="[144,325,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">B. margaritacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the essentially allopatric
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3664226BFD7EFDDD8771FD89" box="[675,794,519,543]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFD7EFDDD8771FD89" box="[675,794,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">B. raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not entirely reliable (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFF4DFDFD8570FDA9" author="Larsen TB" box="[144,283,551,575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
, p.138). See also Discussion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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