146 lines
16 KiB
XML
146 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="566FC5EACEF374E3E5F0385BBD9071D0" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B1936672268FDDAFEAD8023FB5B" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Belenois gidica" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1567" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1567" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="20C4056BE9A061F1376463B695599A06">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F4840EC608C39846F453E01939B7B15C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A21931978C62DD49192ECF5F64C346C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B5BC1DECB365306195A5AC868FE4FD0">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF2E02AF26ED8C431ADCE480BCE0217D">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F75339BC82EABAD4FD0C6D85D60CF95B">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08D4E5FE50383B1F9E5DC046F13B3E2D">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="922E04FFE7AEF3A320758E130CA4247B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3319C9789A2D0EF1F9A8702AD938EC34">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9E5347F1BA119F8115C43DC4D0BCB8C9">
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<mods:date id="E4ECA3CC6F89C1D53D43BE07A6D80F7B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E4E4E01532000152DF0EAD52D64C3A6A">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="55667F482AFCD5A7D06F18A9405692C7">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="790050E9195BD3F5216F8AD1EE24D8DE">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="14C28433246A76C28A8FBAB3CD4B39B8">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D2D49B8EFB6FF0688E5503C1347DE01B">1583</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="2D4B3B0D550C863D4B9181773E7329C5">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E6AF98EC94AF22EC1209E6448F53BFAF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4B8FBCA311D44765178FFA6CAF69CC99" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C2A7E311E7275EB6A361B0F322390C02" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436672268FDDAFEAD804DFE59" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FDDAFEAD870BFE19" blockId="25.[519,864,375,399]" box="[519,864,375,399]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
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<heading id="19401D6336672268FDDAFEAD870BFE19" box="[519,864,375,399]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36672268FDDAFEAD870BFE19" ID-CoL="L9WF" authority="(Godart, 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[519,864,375,399]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gidica">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FDDAFEAD86C5FE19" bold="true" box="[519,686,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Belenois gidica</emphasis>
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(Godart, 1819)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF09FE6D804DFE59" blockId="25.[212,1062,439,463]" box="[212,1062,439,463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FF09FE6D8535FE59" author="Larsen TB" box="[212,350,439,463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 8, figs 74 i,ii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FDEFFE6D876BFE59" author="D' Abrera B" box="[562,768,439,463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 99</bibRefCitation>
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(7 figs). SI: Figure 28a–j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436672268FF09FE2D8023FB5B" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF09FE2D874FFDB9" blockId="25.[212,1171,503,654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FE38FE2D860BFD99" box="[485,608,503,527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="28.0">28–35 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FD18FE2D86B9FD99" box="[709,722,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">n</emphasis>
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||
= 8)
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FCC0FE2D87FFFD99" box="[797,916,503,527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.089" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="30.89">30.89 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FC79FE2D87A3FD99" box="[932,968,503,527]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.853); female
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<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FF09FDCD850BFDB9" box="[212,352,535,559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="28.75" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="26.5">26.5–31 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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||
<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FE62FDCD85A7FDB9" box="[447,460,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">n</emphasis>
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||
= 5)
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FDD2FDCD86E8FDB9" box="[527,643,535,559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8739999999999997" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="mm" value="28.74">28.74 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FD4DFDCD86DFFDB9" box="[656,692,535,559]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 0.932).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF23FDED86CCFD18" blockId="25.[212,1171,503,654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FF23FDED859FFDD9" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" box="[254,500,567,591]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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accepted the former division of this species into three subspecies, but
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FE5AFD8D8651FDF9" author="Kielland J" box="[391,570,599,623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FD97FD8D8683FDF9" author="Larsen TB" box="[586,744,599,623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FCFBFD8D87B7FDF9" author="D' Abrera B" box="[806,988,599,623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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all rejected this arrangement, and it is not followed here.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF09FD6D8000FC7B" blockId="25.[212,1172,694,1229]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FF09FD6D855EFD59" box="[212,309,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Records.</emphasis>
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||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FE39FD6C86E4FD58" author="Kielland J" box="[484,655,694,718]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.61), found in most parts of
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36672268FBD5FD6C801AFD58" box="[1032,1137,694,718]" name="Tanzania" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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at altitudes from near sea level to
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FD93FD0C86CCFD78" box="[590,679,726,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
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, it has since been recorded at
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FBC8FD0C8000FD78" box="[1045,1131,726,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
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||
on
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FF09FD2C85DCFC98" box="[212,439,758,782]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Mount Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FE17FD2C863BFC98" author="Liseki SD" box="[458,592,758,782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The BMNH collection includes
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<specimenCount id="54B1618636672268FC3EFD2C8035FC98" box="[995,1118,758,782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="54B1618636672268FF09FCCC8537FCB8" box="[212,348,790,814]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FE71FCCC865DFCB8" box="[428,566,790,814]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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(including two from Loitokitok), one of the males having been collected in W.
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FDFEFCEC86C6FCD8" box="[547,685,822,846]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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at
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA36672268FD05FCEC8742FCD8" box="[728,809,822,846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000 ft</quantity>
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(Cooper). At times a common butterfly, irregular and relatively minor migrations are known to occur (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FC27FC8C80EFFCF8" author="Larsen TB" box="[1018,1156,854,878]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Seasonally very variable, with distinct wet-season and dry-season forms (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FBECFCAC8562FC38" author="Kielland J" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FEFEFC4C8664FC38" author="Pringle ELL & Henning GA & Ball JB" box="[291,527,918,942]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref26007" refString="Pringle ELL, Henning GA, Ball JB, editors. 1994. Pennington' s butterflies of southern Africa. 2 nd edn. Winchester: Struik." type="book" year="1994">Pringle et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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, p.296),
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36672268FD57FC4C869CFC38" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[650,759,918,942]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gidica">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36672268FD57FC4C869CFC38" box="[650,759,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">B. gidica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs throughout much of the Afrotropical Region, although it is absent from southwestern
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36672268FC47FC6C8054FC58" box="[922,1087,950,974]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36672268FB8DFC6C8574FC7B" name="South Africa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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),
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||
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36672268FEE9FC0F85A9FC7B" box="[308,450,981,1005]" name="Madagascar" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36672268FE13FC0F8654FC7B" box="[462,575,981,1005]" name="Seychelles" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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and the Mascarene Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36672268FC54FC0F8030FC7B" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" box="[905,1115,981,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36672268FF23FC2F8023FB5B" blockId="25.[212,1172,694,1229]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1567">On the upperside males are invariably white in ground colour, and relatively constant in pattern. On the hindwing underside, however, they are either white or yellowish-white with black markings, or largely suffused with mid-brown and divided by a long whitish fascia (dry-season f. “abyssinica”; intermediates occur). Females vary in upperside ground colour from white (male-like) through whitish-yellow to yellow, and vary greatly in the extent of the dark markings – rarely they are almost entirely infuscated. On the underside, females vary in the same way as males.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |