125 lines
14 KiB
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125 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="E22796796466462CB37E811330CA9AFD" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B193664226BFE7FFDAD8668FA9A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Belenois thysa subsp. thysa thysa (Hopffer 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1568" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1568" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3E08F48512C2A20895C0E2EF5BBA49A7">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8E1F3485B96CA2F30E0FDD8BB3C56450" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1778CCC5BD0F01649A9D7C0BC8F52DE2">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5572D8F6138E8FC15C04B21F9F8FCE5">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C2063D49192E8FC35DA2CD045A352B0C">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CB3E0B70095153C5598B19D3553C162">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BC552D3E4C7131737A06703F213676EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E6FEBB8131713242E8C092C3952D9925">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C41E8FDB14CDC8FF5F2552293832761A">
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<mods:date id="C51CC1B554B843CAE63D44FFA0B1D163">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F0263202A5C1A2F531ECA6614EA06DBB">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ECC03E8A873B70758A2918C72AE87B8A">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80F947831565D8F8CD3FE137834A9333">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0DC0FE7A76B20B0F91F7050D69A47BE6">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2068EB55191B0224F0D86E8717BDCF31">1583</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="479982E78F3237756644EBED53B371F3">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="E55D1A53FD48168B4BE206D722FEE8C9" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0665AEC79D93A27D1338FC2285FBD05" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C788A096E5A7C44F9DD1CC0491917FE9" type="Zenodo-Dep">5193830</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF9843664226BFE7FFDAD8796FD58" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3664226BFE7FFDAD8755FD18" blockId="26.[418,830,630,655]" box="[418,830,630,655]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">
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<heading id="19401D633664226BFE7FFDAD8755FD18" box="[418,830,630,655]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3664226BFE7FFDAD8755FD18" ID-CoL="L9WY" authority="thysa (Hopffer, 1855)" authorityName="thysa (Hopffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[418,830,630,655]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="thysa" subSpecies="thysa">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFE7FFDAD86EFFD19" box="[418,644,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Belenois thysa thysa</emphasis>
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(Hopffer, 1855)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3664226BFF4DFD6C8796FD58" blockId="26.[144,1021,694,718]" box="[144,1021,694,718]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFF4DFD6C8570FD58" author="Larsen TB" box="[144,283,694,718]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 9, figs 84 i,ii,iii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFDD7FD6C86B2FD58" author="D' Abrera B" box="[522,729,694,718]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 97</bibRefCitation>
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(6 figs). SI: Figure 29e–j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF9843664226BFF4DFD2C8668FA9A" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3664226BFF4DFD2C869FFCB8" blockId="26.[144,1103,758,814]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="854F07EA3664226BFE40FD2C8641FC98" box="[413,554,758,782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.275" metricValueMax="3.55" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" unit="mm" value="32.75" valueMax="35.5" valueMin="30.0">30–35.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFD50FD2C86F1FC98" box="[653,666,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">n</emphasis>
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= 8)
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<quantity id="854F07EA3664226BFD3CFD2C873DFC98" box="[737,854,758,782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.225" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" unit="mm" value="32.25">32.25 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3664226BFCB9FD2C87E3FC98" box="[868,904,758,782]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.431); female
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<quantity id="854F07EA3664226BFF4DFCCC855BFCB8" box="[144,304,790,814]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.75" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="37.5" valueMin="31.5">31.5–37.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFE4DFCCC85F6FCB8" box="[400,413,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">n</emphasis>
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= 6)
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<quantity id="854F07EA3664226BFE02FCCC8638FCB8" box="[479,595,790,814]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3229999999999995" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" unit="mm" value="33.23">33.23 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3664226BFDBDFCCC86EFFCB8" box="[608,644,790,814]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.950).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3664226BFF4DFC8C8076FBFB" blockId="26.[144,1104,854,1292]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFF4DFC8C849AFCF8" box="[144,241,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Records.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFF24FC8C85E6FCF8" author="Larsen TB" box="[249,397,854,878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996</bibRefCitation>
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, p.141) states for
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFD80FC8C86CCFCF8" box="[605,679,854,878]" name="Kenya" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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that “[this species] is less at home at altitudes above
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<quantity id="854F07EA3664226BFE95FCAC85F4FC18" box="[328,415,886,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
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and in wetter parts of the country.”
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFC87FCAC806FFC18" author="Kielland J" box="[858,1028,886,910]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.62) notes subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3664226BFE8BFC4C85FBFC38" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[342,400,918,942]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thysa">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFE8BFC4C85FBFC38" box="[342,400,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">thysa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as common in savannah, woodlands and forest margins in eastern
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFF31FC6C8533FC58" box="[236,344,950,974]" name="Tanzania" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, from sea level to
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<quantity id="854F07EA3664226BFDE2FC6C86F1FC58" box="[575,666,950,974]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
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, but comments “not common in the northern highlands” – and it was not encountered on
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3664226BFD21FC0F87EDFC7B" box="[764,902,981,1005]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFC68FC0F8020FC7B" author="Liseki SD" box="[949,1099,981,1005]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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. Included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna on the basis of old material in BMNH from
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3664226BFEEDFBCF85D6FBBB" box="[304,445,1045,1069]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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, Old Moshi and Taveta.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3664226BFD3DFBCF87D2FBBB" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" box="[736,953,1045,1069]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. (1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p.207), who recognized three subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3664226BFDDCFBEF8609FBDB" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[513,610,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thysa">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3664226BFDDCFBEF8609FBDB" box="[513,610,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">B. thysa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, indicated that the species occurs widely throughout southern and eastern Africa, west to
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFD63FB8F877AFBFB" box="[702,785,1109,1133]" name="Angola" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and north to
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3664226BFC69FB8F8072FBFB" box="[948,1049,1109,1133]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3664226BFF67FBAF8668FA9A" blockId="26.[144,1104,854,1292]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1568">Males vary in extent of the orange-red at the base of the forewing underside and the black marginal upperside markings. The females are variable but not clearly polymorphic. The overall ground colour is usually whitish or yellowish, with the upperside forewing base dusky or pinkish, and the hindwing whitish to yellow, often basally dusky or pinkish-orange.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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