treatments-xml/data/CA/1E/1B/CA1E1B193663226FFE2DFCCC848FFF76.xml
2024-06-21 12:51:40 +02:00

170 lines
19 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="8434590E1A2DCF2E2C14FE52D35F4776" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B193663226FFE2DFCCC848FFF76" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Dixeia orbona subsp. vidua" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1571" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1571" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="8738E93B06E90126F01249C5197B5E07" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="86BB4B8BD644AB32D951AC8F6B76B9F2">
<mods:title id="5FFDC3486BC78A396888A7BB8E34E93D">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ADBAD7DC700D5CC68AC690D9A2EBCB77" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DC6B3C21C28A3E7F1F3375D1EF01CA2B">
<mods:roleTerm id="F31472896490E93C1CA52E9B06E32075">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8453F667AA04D74F99B64EF85F2E2464">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A71384730855FE2C3930432FB4E111DD">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1EB7FFFEF8DF28708B68FEFFF7EBC0F2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D513415A18C4DF527A6028A3F9A8C3E3">
<mods:roleTerm id="38FA1A5BA7931C0479A746DA851BB459">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="44261B2CE970411BF58DA75852FE2D4D">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C209183F2C11CE5D78E928300008DB72">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5F8959AB9E98A6214808CEA2DD189A33">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="CADACC8FE68358C33272631353131744" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9924CC61FC5E0E80C58AAC7D9F360ADB">
<mods:title id="BD81BF7C22212716B96B19422D3C5EE9">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6DF15977BEF35D0452573261162BA001">
<mods:date id="4E2BCF3BC3FA7D5A459D10A34F66176C">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="294EB354A1CFD7F34F6525D92B08FA72" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CF2805E7D70EEDB9F50DF55748C1C111">2014-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8A823F5865B948FA2D6DD2A0FD1D4528" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C7BE09D5259B82A12B16FF9678929BE9">48</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9E7C08BD4B9FE93E42A2FF139C0351BB" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E3C4A9456B3CE8CE0007C1AE5601EABA">25 - 26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A1DE23C74763EDC14E1462C803B6A5F0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="85426D0DCBF35C9E3330D7105BA830FB">1543</mods:start>
<mods:end id="538B3D496999AD12BD2F479B5BD84613">1583</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="0A45293E135F800F6DCCCECA421365E5">
<mods:url id="37CA750956CE15BFC9B390F1817F1124">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A66A67DC07F405C952DD3D3340F9DBAB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A1235E7A4C3761B9E9F22469FA5BCC69" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3DC1FD5BB6129BD403A7C199FC2028F5" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CB341B500C9F9710B8EB838607568CF0" type="Zenodo-Dep">5193830</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CA1E1B193663226FFE2DFCCC848FFF76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193663226FFE2DFCCC848FFF76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1E1B193663226FFE2DFCCC848FFF76" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="1571" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">
<subSubSection id="0AADF9843663226CFE2DFCCC8051FCF8" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3663226CFE2DFCCC871CFCB8" blockId="29.[496,887,790,814]" box="[496,887,790,814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">
<heading id="19401D633663226CFE2DFCCC871CFCB8" box="[496,887,790,814]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3663226CFE2DFCCC871CFCB8" authority="(Butler, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[496,887,790,814]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orbona" subSpecies="vidua">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFE2DFCCC86B8FCB8" box="[496,723,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Dixeia orbona vidua</emphasis>
(Butler, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3663226CFF09FC8C8051FCF8" blockId="29.[212,1082,854,878]" box="[212,1082,854,878]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFF09FC8C8534FCF8" author="Larsen TB" box="[212,351,854,878]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 9, figs 90 i,ii.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFDEFFC8C8766FCF8" author="D' Abrera B" box="[562,781,854,878]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae &amp; Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d Abrera 1997: 105</bibRefCitation>
(4 figs). SI: Figure 32ah.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AADF9843663226FFF09FC4F848FFF76" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="1572" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" type="description">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3663226CFF09FC4F8683FC5B" blockId="29.[212,1171,917,974]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">
Forewing length: male
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFE0AFC4F860AFC3B" box="[471,609,917,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.575" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="mm" value="25.75" valueMax="30.5" valueMin="21.0">2130.5 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFD60FC4C86A1FC38" box="[701,714,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">n</emphasis>
= 6)
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFCDAFC4F8712FC3B" box="[775,889,917,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.658" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="mm" value="26.58">26.58 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFC59FC4F87C3FC3B" box="[900,936,917,941]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">SD</collectingRegion>
= 3.150); female
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFBB1FC4F8548FC5B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="21.0">21 28 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFE5EFC6C85FBFC58" box="[387,400,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">n</emphasis>
= 7)
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFE0FFC6F862DFC5B" box="[466,582,949,973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.411" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="mm" value="24.11">24.11 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFD8EFC6F861CFC5B" box="[595,631,949,973]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">SD</collectingRegion>
= 1.953).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3663226CFF09FBDC80EFFACA" blockId="29.[212,1172,1029,1691]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFF09FBDC855EFB88" box="[212,309,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Records.</emphasis>
Bukoba,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFE75FBDF8591FB8B" box="[424,506,1029,1053]" country="Tanzania" name="Rukwa" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Rukwa</collectingRegion>
basin and Northern Highlands; found in open woodland and open montane forest, to
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFDC0FBFF861BFBAB" box="[541,624,1061,1085]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFDA2FBFF8774FBAB" author="Kielland J" box="[639,799,1061,1085]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p.64).
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFCABFBFF8041FBAB" author="Cordeiro NJ" box="[886,1066,1061,1085]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref25137" refString="Cordeiro NJ. 1990. A provisional, annotated checklist of the butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha region, Tanzania. J East Afr Nat Hist Soc Natl Mus. 80: 25 - 41." type="journal article" year="1990">Cordeiro (1990)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this taxon from Lake
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFE39FB9F8627FBCB" box="[484,588,1093,1117]" country="Tanzania" name="Manyara" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Manyara</collectingRegion>
National Park. Although Kielland did not give specific records for
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFE69FBBF862AFBEB" box="[436,577,1125,1149]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, and the butterfly was not encountered in the forest zone by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFEEFFB5F85AEFB0B" author="Liseki SD" box="[306,453,1157,1181]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, it is included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna based on a female in BMNH from W.
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFD92FB7F86B7FB2B" box="[591,732,1189,1213]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFD37FB7F8714FB2B" box="[746,895,1189,1213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4478" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.3716" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="ft" value="4750.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4500.0">45005000 ft</quantity>
, collected in 1937 by B. Cooper, and a pair from
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFDC0FB1F86CCFB4B" box="[541,679,1221,1245]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
collected by F.J. Jackson. In addition, OUMNH has a male from Taveta, and a female from
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFC48FB3E8049FB6A" box="[917,1058,1252,1276]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, both ex Rogers. Beyond
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFE41FADE866EFA8A" box="[412,517,1284,1308]" name="Tanzania" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
this subspecies occurs in
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFC9FFADE87E7FA8A" box="[834,908,1284,1308]" name="Sudan" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFC43FADE8069FA8A" box="[926,1026,1284,1308]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFBC9FADE803AFA8A" box="[1044,1105,1284,1308]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">DRC</collectingCountry>
(east Kivu),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFEFBFAFE85EAFAAA" box="[294,385,1316,1340]" name="Uganda" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFE63FAFE8667FAAA" box="[446,524,1316,1340]" name="Kenya" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Kenya</collectingCountry>
. More widely, the species occurs across much of central Africa, from
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFEB6FA9E85AAFACA" box="[363,449,1348,1372]" name="Senegal" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Senegal</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFE34FA9E8621FACA" box="[489,586,1348,1372]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
and south to
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3663226CFD31FA9E872FFACA" box="[748,836,1348,1372]" name="Zambia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFC89FA9E804DFACA" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[852,1062,1348,1372]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p.212).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3663226FFF23FABE848FFF76" blockId="29.[212,1172,1029,1691]" lastBlockId="30.[144,1103,168,224]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="1572" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">
Males are white, with or without a black forewing apex and margin; females are mostly fairly similar, more or less lightly maculated, and generally with a greyishyellow cast.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFE80FA7E8584FA2A" author="Larsen TB" box="[349,495,1444,1468]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996</bibRefCitation>
, p.143) states that “The smaller
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3663226CFC81FA7E87A0FA2A" authorityName="Ackery et al." authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[860,971,1444,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFC81FA7E87A0FA2A" box="[860,971,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">D. orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar [to
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3663226CFF09FA1E8552FA4A" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[212,313,1476,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pigea">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFF09FA1E8552FA4A" box="[212,313,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">D. pigea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and the two may be impossible to tell apart”.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFC4CFA1E8053FA4A" author="Talbot G" box="[913,1080,1476,1500]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" pagination="102 - 112" refId="ref26272" refString="Talbot G. 1943 b. Notes on the genus Dixeia Talbot, with descriptions of new forms (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond. 12: 102 - 112." type="journal article" year="1943">Talbot (1943b</bibRefCitation>
, p.106) originally indicated that female
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3663226CFD8DFA3E86E0FA6A" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[592,651,1508,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pigea">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFD8DFA3E86E0FA6A" box="[592,651,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">pigea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“fw.
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFD00FA3E8733FA6A" box="[733,856,1508,1532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="26.0">2632 mm</quantity>
”) were larger than female
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3663226CFF09F9DE854BF98A" authorityName="Ackery et al." authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[212,288,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3663226CFF09F9DE854BF98A" box="[212,288,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“fore-wing
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFE64F9D98658F98D" box="[441,563,1539,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="21.0">2125 mm</quantity>
”). However, our limited data indicate a substantial overlap in size. Form “nigricans” (SI: Figure
<quantity id="854F07EA3663226CFD3CF9F98766F9AD" box="[737,781,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" unit="g" value="32.0">32g</quantity>
,h), first described from
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3663226CFBFCF9F98004F9AD" box="[1057,1135,1571,1595]" country="Kenya" name="Taita/Taveta" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571">Taveta</collectingRegion>
by Aurivillius (1910c: 47), is dusky and this, together with the existence of a number of rare morphs (e.g. the bright orange form noted by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3663226CFCD2F9B987F2F9ED" author="Larsen TB" box="[783,921,1635,1659]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1571" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
, p.143), indicates that the female of this species is polymorphic as well as variable, including at least two yellow morphs.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFE9AFF72858CFF56" author="Talbot G" box="[327,487,168,192]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" pagination="102 - 112" refId="ref26272" refString="Talbot G. 1943 b. Notes on the genus Dixeia Talbot, with descriptions of new forms (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond. 12: 102 - 112." type="journal article" year="1943">Talbot (1943b</bibRefCitation>
, p.106) gave a key to 11 named female forms for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>