166 lines
17 KiB
XML
166 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="EC266A328F506A5E0B7DA07683D7DA0C" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B193660226FFE1CFEC28602FB3B" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Dixeia pigea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1572" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1572" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="CA7435C315B0786409030068D293B167">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F03FEBF69F5022635FE17FCAB6BE6E54" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E742894F53A57B38C341A95318C2CB7A">
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<mods:namePart id="465C31B25BFD821372E6F90361F2AC48">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EAEACDAFC3DF1C490E68EBB1524CBE17">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="092543287189A96421C485D9B1FE45DD">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="458E4565FD97FE0C11E1554E0A342182">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F48A9481BFE5065A207B75226C7EE9AA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D5C52B350C83E9ADBAA2042990DB72FB">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BD9E647C5DCD8AA4C2482931B680971F">
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<mods:date id="5C18DCFDCDE3CA3CF9CECA1ACB6B560A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="073BE0C05E9B2CD7BED9737702935694">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DBF6A711C942827626D8493B13C93A40">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F8FF9ECBCB60CADFA94A1B0E573EAAC5">25 - 26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="2EA47BC5038BE8DABBC64E9F470D14CC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="5A2711FC88EF16C981964C5CDE30662D">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="669E8750D58D37ED982693F837DAC117">1583</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="A93016BA9A97FDBF59387907DD3CEA86">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8BFA612A468DB5234820F92042F02E1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6CB5307C3F30EEE211A484D4C633D099" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="351A1324A899E3FE3E943173EDB814F7" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0C1E5654663CA26115A0F35B9C055C3" type="Zenodo-Dep">5193830</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="CA1E1B193660226FFE1CFEC28602FB3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B193660226FFE1CFEC28602FB3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1E1B193660226FFE1CFEC28602FB3B" lastPageNumber="1572" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">
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<subSubSection id="0AADF9843660226FFE1CFEC28784FEE6" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3660226FFE1CFEC28774FEA6" blockId="30.[449,799,280,304]" box="[449,799,280,304]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">
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<heading id="19401D633660226FFE1CFEC28774FEA6" box="[449,799,280,304]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3660226FFE1CFEC28774FEA6" ID-CoL="3724M" authority="(Boisduval, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[449,799,280,304]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pigea">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFE1CFEC28624FEA6" box="[449,591,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Dixeia pigea</emphasis>
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(Boisduval, 1836)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3660226FFF4DFE828784FEE6" blockId="30.[144,1007,344,368]" box="[144,1007,344,368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFF4DFE828570FEE6" author="Larsen TB" box="[144,283,344,368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 9, figs 89 i,ii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFE33FE8286A2FEE6" author="D' Abrera B" box="[494,713,344,368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 103</bibRefCitation>
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(8 figs). SI: Figure 33a–j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF9843660226FFF4DFE4D8602FB3B" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3660226FFF4DFE4D8686FE59" blockId="30.[144,1103,407,463]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="854F07EA3660226FFE7CFE4D8677FE39" box="[417,540,407,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="22.0">22–28 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean (
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||
<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFD5CFE4D86E5FE39" box="[641,654,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">n</emphasis>
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||
= 6)
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA3660226FFD04FE4D873BFE39" box="[729,848,407,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.535" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" unit="mm" value="25.35">25.35 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFCBDFE4D87EFFE39" box="[864,900,407,431]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.518); female
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<quantity id="854F07EA3660226FFF4DFE6D8577FE59" box="[144,284,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" unit="mm" value="26.25" valueMax="29.5" valueMin="23.0">23–29.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean (
|
||
<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFEA6FE6D85E3FE59" box="[379,392,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">n</emphasis>
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||
= 14)
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||
<quantity id="854F07EA3660226FFE05FE6D8627FE59" box="[472,588,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.694" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" unit="mm" value="26.94">26.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFD84FE6D8616FE59" box="[601,637,439,463]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">SD</collectingRegion>
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||
= 1.508).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3660226FFF4DFE2D86C8FCD8" blockId="30.[144,1104,503,1197]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFF4DFE2D849AFD99" box="[144,241,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Records.</emphasis>
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Most parts of
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||
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFE74FE2D867EFD99" box="[425,533,503,527]" name="Tanzania" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, in woodland and forest margins, up to
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<quantity id="854F07EA3660226FFC24FE2D803BFD99" box="[1017,1104,503,527]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFF4AFDCD8556FDB9" author="Kielland J" box="[151,317,535,559]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.64).
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFE7DFDCD8631FDB9" author="Cordeiro NJ" box="[416,602,535,559]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref25137" refString="Cordeiro NJ. 1990. A provisional, annotated checklist of the butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha region, Tanzania. J East Afr Nat Hist Soc Natl Mus. 80: 25 - 41." type="journal article" year="1990">Cordeiro (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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recorded this taxon from Lake
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||
<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFC35FDCD803BFDB9" box="[1000,1104,535,559]" country="Tanzania" name="Manyara" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Manyara</collectingRegion>
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National Park. Although Kielland did not give specific records for
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFC63FDED8020FDD9" box="[958,1099,567,591]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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, and this species was not encountered in the forest zone by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFCC2FD8D87D9FDF9" author="Liseki SD" box="[799,946,599,623]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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, this butterfly almost certainly occurs on the lower slopes (two old specimens from “
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFC41FDAD804DFD19" box="[924,1062,631,655]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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” in BMNH) – and was recorded at up to
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<quantity id="854F07EA3660226FFDEAFD4D86E2FD39" box="[567,649,663,687]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
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above Kibongoto by Aurivillius (1910a, p.11). There are at least three ex Rogers specimens from the slopes of
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFC75FD6C8059FD58" box="[936,1074,694,718]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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in OUMNH. Beyond
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||
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFEA9FD0C85B6FD78" box="[372,477,726,750]" name="Tanzania" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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found in woodland and riverine forest in
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFC0CFD0C8020FD78" box="[977,1099,726,750]" name="Cameroon" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFF4DFD2C84BBFC98" box="[144,208,758,782]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">DRC</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFF01FD2C8559FC98" box="[220,306,758,782]" name="Angola" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFEE2FD2C85C8FC98" box="[319,419,758,782]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFE72FD2C8592FC98" box="[431,505,758,782]" name="Kenya" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(east, southwest),
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFD11FD2C874CFC98" box="[716,807,758,782]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFCEEFD2C87A7FC98" box="[819,972,758,782]" name="Mozambique" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFC05FD2C803BFC98" box="[984,1104,758,782]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(east and northwest),
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFE48FCCC8647FCB8" box="[405,556,790,814]" name="South Africa" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFD9CFCCC8775FCB8" box="[577,798,790,814]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Limpopo Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFCF2FCCC87A1FCB8" box="[815,970,790,814]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
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, KwaZulu- Natal,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFF3DFCEC858DFCD8" box="[224,486,822,846]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F3660226FFDF4FCEC86CBFCD8" box="[553,672,822,846]" name="Swaziland" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F3660226FFF67FC8C8602FB3B" blockId="30.[144,1104,503,1197]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">
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Males are white, with variation in the amount of black scaling at the tip of the forewing apex upperside, and the marginal black spots. Females are polymorphic (white, piebald white/yellow, and yellow) and very variable regarding the extent of dark markings and different forewing and hindwing pinkish-grey or yellowish suffusions. However, the only
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<specimenCount id="54B161863660226FFE6EFC0F8651FC7B" box="[435,570,981,1005]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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we have seen from the
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFC97FC0F87BFFC7B" box="[842,980,981,1005]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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massif are whitish, male-like. The BMNH has nine “yellow” females from
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED3660226FFCA7FC2F87ACFB9B" box="[890,967,1013,1037]" country="Jordan" name="'Amman" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Amani</collectingRegion>
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(Usambara Mts) collected by Pinkie Jackson.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFDC4FBCF86D1FBBB" author="Talbot G" box="[537,698,1045,1069]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" pagination="102 - 112" refId="ref26272" refString="Talbot G. 1943 b. Notes on the genus Dixeia Talbot, with descriptions of new forms (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond. 12: 102 - 112." type="journal article" year="1943">Talbot (1943b</bibRefCitation>
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, pp.106/7) gave a key to 17 named female forms. Some of these forms are similar to other
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3660226FFCCBFBEF870BFBDB" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1932" box="[790,864,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFCCBFBEF870BFBDB" box="[790,864,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">Dixeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, notably
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3660226FFC0CFBEF8023FBDB" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[977,1096,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charina">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFC0CFBEF8023FBDB" box="[977,1096,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">D. charina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but, according to
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3660226FFE81FB8F8594FBFB" author="van Son G" box="[348,511,1109,1133]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" refId="ref26405" refString="van Son G. 1949. The butterflies of southern Africa. Part 1. Papilionidae and Pieridae. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum." type="book" year="1949">van Son (1949</bibRefCitation>
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, p.194),
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3660226FFDB8FB8F86AEFBFB" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[613,709,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Dixeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pigea">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D3660226FFDB8FB8F86AEFBFB" box="[613,709,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1572">D. pigea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by its relatively short antennae (shorter than length of forewing discal cell). However, in our view this subtle difference is not easily relied upon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |