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<document id="E349CCC2F9ABCA791F2615D9A94795C7" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B19365C2253FE54FEAD8070FBFB" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Mylothris sagala subsp. narcissus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1576" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1576" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="CE5559A0C8271162F595C497F3D6FAA7">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC131D6287AA882261B4124A7F62E065">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DBC69EB23F9115369F52ECF42455E6BB">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="797DD1501E861463FE0572EDA996E7E4">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C25C2875B5E11135EE8546761B86A18C">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="00AE2583E78FFBC12BADB5BB23E1ABA8">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B032D6A90B550BB5BCE1C59E631BED42">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6E3402FB4E4FEA587619457B9693433D">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="99232B55320FA31C7E59C339AC329BC7">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3CDEB462745D32253BAD9D2B119541F4">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F365C2253FE54FEAD873DFE19" blockId="34.[393,854,375,399]" box="[393,854,375,399]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">
<heading id="19401D63365C2253FE54FEAD873DFE19" box="[393,854,375,399]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FE54FEAD873DFE19" authority="(Butler, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[393,854,375,399]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sagala" subSpecies="narcissus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FE54FEAD86D9FE19" bold="true" box="[393,690,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Mylothris sagala narcissus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FD1FFEAD8725FE19" author="Butler AG" box="[706,846,375,399]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" pagination="91 - 98" refId="ref24977" refString="Butler AG. 1888. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1888: 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1888">Butler, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F365C2253FF4DFE6D8781FE59" blockId="34.[144,1002,439,463]" box="[144,1002,439,463]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FF4DFE6D850CFE59" author="Kielland J" box="[144,359,439,463]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 270</bibRefCitation>
(2 figs).
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FE13FE6D8632FE59" author="Larsen TB" box="[462,601,439,463]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 10, fig. 102ii. SI: Figure 35ej.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AADF984365C2253FF4DFE2D8070FBFB" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" type="description">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F365C2253FF4DFE2D86CFFDB9" blockId="34.[144,1104,503,814]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">
Forewing length: male
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FE4EFE2D8676FD99" box="[403,541,503,527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="mm" value="27.25" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="23.5">23.531 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FDA4FE2D86EDFD99" box="[633,646,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">n</emphasis>
= 7)
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FD1FFE2D875EFD99" box="[706,821,503,527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.629" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="mm" value="26.29">26.29 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FC9DFE2D870FFD99" box="[832,868,503,527]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">SD</collectingRegion>
= 2.030); female
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FBF5FE2D84B4FDB9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="25.0">25 31 mm</quantity>
(mean (
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FEE2FDCD8527FDB9" box="[319,332,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">n</emphasis>
= 5)
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FE53FDCD8669FDB9" box="[398,514,535,559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.748" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="mm" value="27.48">27.48 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FDD2FDCD8658FDB9" box="[527,563,535,559]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">SD</collectingRegion>
= 1.746).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F365C2253FF67FDED85CEFCB8" blockId="34.[144,1104,503,814]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">
Note: there is an unresolved dispute concerning the name of this race, due to uncertainties regarding the true
<typeStatus id="9D0C14AD365C2253FE21FD8D8647FDF9" box="[508,556,599,623]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FD6DFD8D8027FDF9" authority="Grose-Smith, 1886" authorityName="Grose-Smith" authorityYear="1886" box="[688,1100,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FD6DFD8D8700FDF9" box="[688,875,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Mylothris sagala</emphasis>
Grose-Smith, 1886
</taxonomicName>
. Here we follow both
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FE5FFDAC8641FD18" author="Kielland J" box="[386,554,630,654]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990</bibRefCitation>
, pp.68,69) and
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FD03FDAC871AFD18" author="Larsen TB" box="[734,881,630,654]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996</bibRefCitation>
, p.149) in applying the name
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FED8FD4D85D3FD38" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" box="[261,440,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narcissus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FED8FD4D8503FD39" box="[261,360,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">narcissus</emphasis>
Butler
</taxonomicName>
to the subspecies found on Mt
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FCEFFD4C87D4FD38" box="[818,959,662,686]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, rather than follow the position adopted by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FDFBFD6C8777FD58" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[550,796,694,718]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. (1995</bibRefCitation>
, p.223) who included
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FF4DFD0C8571FD78" box="[144,282,726,750]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
within the nominate race. As
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FD48FD0C874CFD78" box="[661,807,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narcissus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FD48FD0C874CFD78" box="[661,807,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">M. narcissus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FF0BFD2C854CFC98" box="[214,295,758,782]" country="Kenya" name="Taita/Taveta" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Taveta</collectingRegion>
, there seems no doubt that this name at least does apply to the
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FF4DFCCC8571FCB8" box="[144,282,790,814]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
population.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F365C2253FF4DFC8C8070FBFB" blockId="34.[144,1104,854,1133]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FF4DFC8C8482FCF8" box="[144,233,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Records</emphasis>
. Within
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365C2253FE93FC8C85DCFCF8" box="[334,439,854,878]" name="Tanzania" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
known from Mt
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FDA0FC8C8761FCF8" box="[637,778,854,878]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, Mt Meru, North and South Pare, Mount Lossoganeu and the Usambaras, at
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FD18FCAF8724FC1B" box="[709,847,885,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="900.0">9002500 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FC82FCAF8794FC1B" author="Kielland J" box="[863,1023,885,909]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p.69). Recorded by Aurivillius (1910a, p.11, as
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FD83FC4C8681FC38" box="[606,746,918,942]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narcissus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FD83FC4C8681FC38" box="[606,746,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">M. narcissus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the primary forest above Kibongoto in October, at
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FE67FC6F867AFC5B" box="[442,529,949,973]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
. Found commonly throughout the year on
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FBDCFC6F8571FC7B" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Mount Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
at 2000, 2500 and up to
<quantity id="854F07EA365C2253FD97FC0F86CBFC7B" box="[586,672,981,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365C2253FD6FFC0F875CFC7B" author="Liseki SD" box="[690,823,981,1005]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Outside
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365C2253FC6EFC0F8077FC7B" box="[947,1052,981,1005]" name="Tanzania" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
this subspecies also flies in parts of southern
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365C2253FDB2FC2F86D6FB9B" box="[623,701,1013,1037]" name="Kenya" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, including
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365C2253FCE2FC2F87E6FB9B" box="[831,909,1013,1037]" country="Kenya" name="Taita/Taveta" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Taveta</collectingRegion>
(
<typeStatus id="9D0C14AD365C2253FC42FC2F87BBFB9B" box="[927,976,1013,1037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FF4DFBCF8498FBBB" box="[144,243,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narcissus">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FF4DFBCF8498FBBB" box="[144,243,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">narcissus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FED4FBCF85A8FBBB" authorityName="Grose-Smith" authorityYear="1886" box="[265,451,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FED4FBCF85A8FBBB" box="[265,451,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Mylothris sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is geographically very variable, and comprises up to 10 or more races across its range, from
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365C2253FDCCFBEF8619FBDB" box="[529,626,1077,1101]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365C2253FD46FBEF8698FBDB" box="[667,755,1077,1101]" name="Zambia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365C2253FCF3FBEF87C1FBDB" box="[814,938,1077,1101]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
. Its separation from
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FF12FB8F853FFBFB" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[207,340,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FF12FB8F853FFBFB" box="[207,340,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not always straightforward (see account of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365C2253FCB8FB8F87D4FBFB" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[869,959,1109,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365C2253FCB8FB8F87D4FBFB" box="[869,959,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1576">jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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