406 lines
33 KiB
XML
406 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad622eec-c0b0-459c-a58c-696100f853f1" ID-PMC="PMC7892535" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1016-77" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" ID-PubMed="33628080" ID-ZooBank="A462DE7344284857973CBCFD17294D15" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1016-77" checkinTime="1613177951169" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Goutte, Sandra, Reyes-Velasco *, Jacobo, Freilich, Xenia, Kassie, Abeje & Boissinot, Stephane" docDate="2021" docId="C980B0B63C5C503AA82FC846A6ECF097" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1016: 77-141" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1016" docPubDate="2021-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699" docTitle="Ptychadena delphina Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8BFAD046-6E3B-4622-B488-D4483FA2BE31" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of grass frogs (Ptychadenidae, Ptychadena) endemic to the Ethiopian highlands" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668149788838" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of grass frogs (Ptychadenidae, Ptychadena) endemic to the Ethiopian highlands</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Goutte, Sandra</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-3773</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sg5533@nyu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Reyes-Velasco *, Jacobo</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Freilich, Xenia</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kassie, Abeje</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia & Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Boissinot, Stephane</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">stephane.boissinot@nyu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-02-11</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1016</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>77</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1016-77</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A462DE7344284857973CBCFD17294D15</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383270" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BFAD046-6E3B-4622-B488-D4483FA2BE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C980B0B63C5C503AA82FC846A6ECF097" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8BFAD046-6E3B-4622-B488-D4483FA2BE31" authority="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot, 2021" authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina" status="sp. nov.">Ptychadena delphina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="77">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (SB310) collected on 7 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco between Dembi and Gechi, Oromia, Ethiopia (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.2195" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.2195">8.2195°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.446" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.446">36.446°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2064 m a.s.l.).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
One female (16-242) and one male (16-241) collected 22 July 2016 by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot west of Bedele (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.3746" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.3746">8.3746°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.2596" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.2596">36.2596°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1876 m a.s.l.), one female (SB295) collected on 6 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco west of Bedele (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.4330" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.433">8.4330°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.3176" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.3176">36.3176°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1942 m a.s.l.), two males (SB313 and SB314) collected on 7 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco between Dembi and Gechi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.2195" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.2195">8.2195°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.4460" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.446">36.4460°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2064 m a.s.l.), one female (SB341) collected on 9 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco west of Gore (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.1769" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.1769">8.1769°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.3627" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.3627">35.3627°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1612 m a.s.l.), 3 females(SB355, SB356 and SB357) and two males (SB354 and SB363) collected on 10 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco south of Gore (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0802" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.0802">8.0802°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.5239" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.5239">35.5239°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1903 m a.s.l.). All specimens are deposited at ZNHM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Large member (male (6) SVL 40.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.9 mm, female (6) SVL 47.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3 mm) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Ptychadena delphina sp. nov. A live male holotype (SB 310; left) and female paratype (SB 341, right) B dorsal and ventral views of the same individuals (male left, female right) after euthanasia and before fixation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508435" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">19</figureCitation>
|
||
) distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) moderately long hind limbs (male TL/SVL 0.53
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02, female TL/SVL 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03), (2) long forearms (FLL/SVL 0.20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01), (3) eye close to one another (male IOD/HW 0.17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02, female IOD/HW 0.20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03), (4) light vertical stripe on the tympanum, (5) vocal sacs are dark grey or dark grey posteriorly and lighter anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508435" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
live male holotype (SB310; left) and female paratype (SB341, right)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and ventral views of the same individuals (male left, female right) after euthanasia and before fixation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Comparison.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nana" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. This species has shorter hind limbs and feet than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Suppl. material 3: Table S2). The length of its forearms is also greater than in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by shorter hands, shorter snout, and pigmented vocal sacs in adult males. Eyes are closer to one-another than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but further apart than in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Tympanum larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Relatively large (SVL 44.2 mm) male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Ptychadena delphina sp. nov. A live male holotype (SB 310; left) and female paratype (SB 341, right) B dorsal and ventral views of the same individuals (male left, female right) after euthanasia and before fixation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508435" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head wider than long (HL/HW 0.87). Snout projecting beyond the lower jaw. Interorbital distance 0.54
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye diameter. Internarial distance 1.68
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
interorbital distance. Tympanum 0.71
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye diameter. Finger tips not expanded but rounded, with small subarticular tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Finger formula: I<II<IV<III. Hand free of webbing. Hindlimbs elongated, with tibia length 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
snout-vent length. Foot longer than thigh (FL/THL 1.27) and slightly longer than tibia (FL/TL 1.02). Toe tips rounded. Subarticular tubercles small and round. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, external absent. Fourth toe on the left foot amputated. Toe formula: I<II<V<III<IV. Foot webbing formula: Ie(minimal), IIi/e(minimal-1), IIIi/e(2-2), IVi/e(2-2), Vi(2). Two light lateral ridges, continuous on the right side and discontinuous on the left side. Two continuous dorsal ridges and two interrupted dorsolateral ridges. No vertebral nor sacral ridges. Body and eyelids covered with minute transparent warts. Nuptial pad developed along finger I. Tongue longer than wide, free for half of its length, bifurcated at the end. Vomerine, maxillary and premaxillary teeth present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="coloration of the holotype in life">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Coloration of the holotype in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Dorsal ground color brown with elongated dark brown blotches symmetrically distributed on the dorsal ridges. Wide light grey-brown vertebral stripe, doubled with a thin, clearer stripe from the tip of the snout to the vent. Dark brown canthal stripe from the tip of the snout to the back of the jaw. Light vertical blotch on the otherwise brown tympanum. Upper and lower lip cream to light brown with irregular brown markings. Iris dark brown on the lower two thirds, light golden brown above, separated by a cream horizontal stripe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">A few irregular dark brown blotches on the light grey flanks. Throat and ventrum cream with a few small light grey dots under the chin. Two small symmetrical dark brown blotches on the antero-ventral side of the shoulders. Thin light longitudinal stripe on the tibias and lower half of the thighs. Hind limbs brown with dark bars over the thighs, tibias, and feet. A few small round white dots around the groin. Back of the thighs dark brown irregularly molted with yellow. Vocal sacs uniformly dark grey.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="coloration of the holotype in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Coloration of the holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Dorsal ground color dark brown with a few small, oval dark brown blotches symmetrically distributed on the dorsolateral ridges. Wide lighter brown vertebral stripe, doubled with a thin, clearer line from the tip of the snout to the vent. Dark brown canthal stripe from the tip of the snout to the back of the jaw. Light vertical stripe on the otherwise brown tympanum. Upper lip grey on the anterior half and cream on posterior half. Lower lip grey with irregular cream spots. Flanks brown with a few irregular small dark brown blotches. Throat, ventrum, ventral side of the thighs and tibias uniformly cream with the throat and chest lightly dusted with grey. Two symmetrical dark brown blotches on the ventral side of the shoulders. Thin, light longitudinal stripe on the tibias. Faint brown bars on the thighs. Back of thighs molted light grey and brown. Vocal sacs dark grey. Nuptial pads cream.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">In life, background color varies from light to dark brown. Dorsal ridges vary in number and definition. Median ridges may be continuous from eye level to the groin, or interrupted and be present only along half the back. Postpalpebral fold interrupted in the middle of the back, sometimes continuing on the lower back. Short laterodorsal fold almost always present. Lateral ridges generally non-interrupted until the lower third of the back and from orange to cream. All specimens examined had small dark brown or black blotches distributed symmetrically on the dorsal ridges. Inguinal area more or less conspicuously yellow. Vertebral stripe may be thin or wide, generally around a lighter thin stripe. Tympanum blotch may be more or less conspicuous depending on the individual.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">The thin cream longitudinal stripe on the tibia may be extended to the thigh or half of the thigh and the foot in some individuals. Tibias, thighs, and feet posteriorly barred with more or less defined brown or light brown markings. Thighs posteriorly marbled with light to dark brown and yellow. Ventrum and throat uniformly white to light yellow. Vocal sacs grey to dark grey or bicolored cream and grey. Small warts over the back and flanks in ca. 20% of adult males.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The specific name originates from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">delphinus</emphasis>
|
||
, dolphin, in reference to the advertisement call of the species resembling a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="dolphin’s">dolphin's</normalizedToken>
|
||
clicking sound. We have Latinized
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">delphinus</emphasis>
|
||
into the adjective
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be in accordance with the gender of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The advertisement call best distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Habitat, distribution, and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is mostly restricted to mid-elevation forests (1612 to 2064 m a.s.l.), west of the GRV and north of the Geba River (tributary of the Baro River). However, two individuals (XF13-283 and XF13-285) collected in 2013 by X. Freilich and S. Boissinot in Asgori, between Addis Ababa and Ambo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.9799" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.9799">8.9799°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="38.0241" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.0241">38.0241°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2370 m a.s.l.) clustered with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in phylogenetic analyses based on four molecular markers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0774-1" author="Freilich, X" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" refId="B7" refString="Freilich, X, Anadon, JD, Bukala, J, Calderon, O, Chakraborty, R, Boissinot, S, Calderon, D, Kanellopoulos, A, Knap, E, Marinos, P, Mudasir, M, Pirpinas, S, Rengifo, R, Slovak, J, Stauber, A, Tirado, E, Uquilas, I, Velasquez, M, Vera, E, Wilga, A, Evolutionary Genetics - Class of 2013, , 2016. Comparative Phylogeography of Ethiopian anurans: impact of the Great Rift Valley and Pleistocene climate change. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: e206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0774-1" title="Comparative Phylogeography of Ethiopian anurans: impact of the Great Rift Valley and Pleistocene climate change. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: e 206." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0774-1" year="2016">Freilich et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If the molecular results are not caused by introgression between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov, which occurs in the area, and if these two individuals represent a real population, this is the easternmost and highest known population of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The habitat at this locality is also quite different from the rest of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. distribution range, as it is composed of open agricultural fields and not forest. No other individual of the species was collected in the multiple sampling campaigns subsequently conducted, and this population remains to be confirmed. Beside these two individuals, the easternmost populations have been found south of Bedele, while, in the west, Individuals have been collected by Uka, west of Gore. The southernmost individuals were found in Bichano, just north of the Geba River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. call at night in flooded grassland ponds or puddles, or in rainwater-filled holes on the road. Within the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been found calling jointly with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="advertisement call">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Advertisement call.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
To the human ear, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (4 males, 33 calls) resembles a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="dolphin’s">dolphin's</normalizedToken>
|
||
series of clicks. It is composed of a single note of 504
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
92 ms in duration, containing 8.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4 pulses, which are clearly distinct and at regular intervals. Amplitude increases regularly within the note until 384
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
129 ms, where it decreases. As in other Ethiopian
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, call repetition rate is highly variable and dependent of the social context. Call dominant frequency is 2327
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
147 Hz, with a gradual increase in dominant frequency within the call.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goutte & Reyes-Velasco * & Freilich & Kassie & Boissinot" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena delphina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is easily distinguishable from the calls of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Ethiopian highland by its well defined and regularly spaced pulses, except for the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which presents a similar structure. The call
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can however be distinguished by its higher dominant frequency (2876
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
74 Hz), related to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
smaller body size. It is worth noting that the call of the closely related syntopic species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is remarkably different both in temporal and spectral features, while the two species are morphologically extremely similar. The two species were thus named after their respective calls, which constitute their most distinguishable traits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |