201 lines
25 KiB
XML
201 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F249D63B9CF8978FBF8C8B9A2454F0DF">Taxonomic revision of the owlfly genus Glyptobasis McLachlan, 1873 (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) from India and its adjacent countries</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3AC86A480C42F4DA4A75687386C12A2">Suryanarayanan, Thangalazhi Balakrishnan</mods:namePart>
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,
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;
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;
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;
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species:
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFFFFC5C85AF8454C33F851" box="[559,638,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="389">dentifer</emphasis>
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; Subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFFFFFC5CE0DF8454B20F851" author="McLachlan, R." box="[1144,1389,1978,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="389" pagination="398 - 409" refId="ref12868" refString="McLachlan, R. (1873 b) Neuroptera [sensu lato]. Zoological Record, 8, 398 - 409." type="journal article" year="1873">McLachlan, 1873b: 402</bibRefCitation>
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.
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:
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<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6CB6CFF684FBAFF32" box="[281,503,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CB6CFF684FD2FF32" box="[281,415,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily separated from related genera (
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<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6C986FF684B4BFF32" authority="Lefebvre, 1842" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[1011,1286,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Acheron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6C986FF684A1CFF32" box="[1011,1105,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Acheron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6CF64FF684FC4FF56" authority="van der Weele, 1909 a" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Protacheron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CF64FF684BD1FF32" box="[1297,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Protacheron</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFFCFFC6CAE2FF444FC4FF56" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[151,393,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref14052" refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909 a) Ascalaphiden. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 8, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1909">van der Weele, 1909a</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6CBB7FF444CBDFF56" authority="Sziraki, 1998" authorityName="Sziraki" authorityYear="1998" box="[450,752,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalohybris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CBB7FF444C19FF56" box="[450,596,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Ascalohybris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFFCFFC6C82FFF444CBDFF56" author="Sziraki, G." box="[602,752,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" pagination="57 - 72" refId="ref13881" refString="Sziraki, G. (1998) An annotated checklist of the Ascalaphidae species known from Asia and from the Pacific Islands. Folia entomologica hungarica, 59, 57 - 72." type="journal article" year="1998">Sziráki, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) found in the Oriental region (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFFCFFC6CE34FF444B60FF56" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[1089,1325,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref14052" refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909 a) Ascalaphiden. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 8, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1909">van der Weele 1909a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based on the short acute triangular projection located in the anal area of the forewing. The cauda-ventral ectoproct process of the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6CA89FEFC4FCFFE9E" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1873" box="[252,386,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CA89FEFC4FCFFE9E" box="[252,386,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shorter than that of the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6C8A9FEFC4D23FE9E" authorityName="Sziraki" authorityYear="1998" box="[732,878,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalohybris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6C8A9FEFC4D23FE9E" box="[732,878,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Ascalohybris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The male gonocoxites 9+11 have well-developed hook-shaped processes curved inwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09FB656EFFFCFFC6CAB2FEB54B03FC96" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFFCFFC6CAB2FEB54B03FC96" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CAB2FEB54F38FEE7" bold="true" box="[199,373,330,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized species (in males, body length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFFCFFC6C9C1FEB54A7BFEE6" box="[948,1078,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">25–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFFCFFC6CF63FEB44BD5FEE6" box="[1302,1432,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="28.0">28–36 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindwing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFFCFFC6CB2AFE904F90FE0A" box="[351,477,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="27.0">27–34 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In females, body length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFFCFFC6C970FE904DCFFE0A" box="[773,898,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="22.0">22–28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFFCFFC6CE27FE904A9DFE0A" box="[1106,1232,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="30.0">30–41 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindwing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFFCFFC6CAE2FE6C4F58FE2E" box="[151,277,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="28.0">28–39 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Head wider than thorax. Vertex narrow with long hairs. Frons with dense hairs. Eye large, divided by transverse furrow, lower part smaller than upper one. Antenna rarely reaches apices of forewing. Scape noticeably enlarged. Pedicel normal size. In males, proximal flagellomeres sinus-shaped or curved and with distinct lateral spines (or with short bristles). In females, antennae straight without spines. Flagellar segment 1 as long as segments 2–4 together. Notum short with sparse hairs. Both wings elongated, costal and anal margins almost parallel and strongly tapered basally. Forewing with distinct triangular projection in anal area. Wings hyaline, without brown or dark brown markings (but often with reddish-brown discolouration). Pterostigma rhomboid-shaped. Venation dense. Apex of wings rounded or slightly pointed. Apical area beyond Sc+R with three rows of cells in forewing, and with two or three rows in hindwing. Tibial spurs unequal, as long as two basal tarsal segments together on fore and middle legs. Abdomen shorter than length of wings in resting position. Male ectoproct with shorter or longer process, gonocoxites 9+11 with hook-shaped processus, curved inwards. In female, gonocoxite 7 is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09FB656EFFFCFFC6CAB2FCE14BC8FCBA" box="[199,1413,798,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFFCFFC6CAB2FCE14BC8FCBA" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1113]" box="[199,1413,798,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CAB2FCE14F2CFCBB" bold="true" box="[199,353,798,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFFCFFC6CB12FCE04FEEFCBA" box="[359,419,799,825]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFFCFFC6CBDAFCE04C53FCBA" box="[431,542,799,825]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFFCFFC6C85CFCE04CC6FCBA" box="[553,651,799,825]" name="Pakistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFFCFFC6C8E3FCE04D4EFCBA" box="[662,771,799,825]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFFCFFC6C967FCE04DE1FCBA" author="Oswald, J. D." box="[786,940,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" refId="ref13379" refString="Oswald, J. D. (2024) Neuropterida Species of the World. Lacewing Digital Library, Research Publication No. 1. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 22 February 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Oswald 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a new record for the fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFFCFFC6CF4EFCE04BCFFCBA" box="[1339,1410,799,825]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09FB656EFFFCFFC6CAB2FCBC4B0CFBDA" pageId="2" pageNumber="390" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFFCFFC6CAB2FCBC4B0CFBDA" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CAB2FCBC4F70FCDE" bold="true" box="[199,317,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFFCFFC6CB3DFCBC4C65FCDE" box="[328,552,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFFCFFC6CB3DFCBC4F83FCDE" box="[328,462,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="390">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically very similar. For identification, the presence of several characters in combination is required. The most important morphological features are found on the head in frontal view, on the antennae of the males, on the sides of the thorax, on the legs and in the genitalia of the males. Distinguishing females is even more difficult. The differences in the wing colour patterns of the specimens cannot be used to separate the species, as they show a high degree of variation. The most reliable way to determine the species is to look at the well-differentiated male genitalia. The habitus photo is not sufficient to determine the species with certainty. The distributions of the respective species are still unclear based on known distributional data, so it is of little help for separating the species. See the key at the end of this chapter for the separation of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |