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<document id="5A3EF89123D92F1CB7FE99CB75E57E1B" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2024.13.4.423" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14659520" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1736973037929" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mayorga, Alfredo, Kang, Ji Hyoun &amp; Bae, Yeon Jae" docDate="2024" docId="C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.13.4.423-433.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 13 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Ephemera orientalis McLachlan 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="424" masterDocId="3B46FFBBFFBF454A4138E95BE65BFF90" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Korean Ephemera Linnaeus with lectotype designation of E. sachalinensis Matsumura (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="433" masterPageNumber="423" pageNumber="424" updateTime="1736973865743" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B89577BDB98A1D036D60D0A52BF7F185">Taxonomic review of Korean Ephemera Linnaeus with lectotype designation of E. sachalinensis Matsumura (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06712E0D63667212632217B0B6313A28">Mayorga, Alfredo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BB3EAE8A0D71835A4A74399E8D83143">Kang, Ji Hyoun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C25F18C13B8B1E6BED552A1C28EC547A">Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="468F7E68DC67919218218CDB4B909E76">Bae, Yeon Jae</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7E44277350C5865CBFDC6A616C77EB46">Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, &amp; Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="652C996D86F9362DD893C746B1FE9C10">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="88D64D56FFBE454B41A8EC15E477FAF6" ID-CoL="6FP7W" authority="McLachlan, 1875" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1875" box="[144,556,1358,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B41A8EC15E733FAF6" bold="true" box="[144,360,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Ephemera orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4056EC15E477FAF6" author="McLachlan, R." box="[366,556,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="167 - 190" refId="ref7297" refString="McLachlan, R. 1875. A sketch of our present knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and Trichoptera). Transactions of Entomological Society of London. 167 - 190." type="book chapter" year="1875">McLachlan, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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(
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,
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<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B41A8EC35E75DFA16" box="[144,262,1390,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,178,1150,1172]" captionText="Fig. 2. Head of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. larval head of E. orientalis; B. larval head of E. sachalinensis; C. subimago head of E. orientalis; D. subimago head of E. sachalinensis; E. imago head of E. orientalis; F. imago head of E. sachalinensis." pageId="1" pageNumber="424">2A, 2C, 2E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B4028EC35E707FA16" box="[272,348,1390,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[809,843,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[144,1408,257,1148]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Abdominal terga of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. variation I of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; B. variation II of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; C. abdominal terga of E. sachalinensis. Arrows indicate the key diagnostic characters between E. orientalis and E. sachalinensis at abdominal terga I and II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">3A, 3B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B405FEC35E78FFA16" box="[359,468,1390,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,208,955,977]" captionTargetBox="[298,1321,260,922]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[294,1324,257,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus larvae: A. E. orientalis McLachlan; B. E. sachalinensis Matsumura; C. E. separigata Bae; D. E. strigata Eaton. Posterior margin of tergum X of South Korean Ephemera larvae: E. E. orientalis; F. E. sachalinensis; G. E. separigata; H. E. strigata. Claw of foreleg of the larvae: I. E. orientalis; J. E. sachalinensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659528/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">4A, 4E, 4I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B40E6EC35E7A4FA16" box="[478,511,1390,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,207,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[175,776,1101,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-338@4.[174,779,1098,1893]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Male genitalia of South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus males: A. E. orientalis McLachlan; B. E. sachalinensis Matsumura; C. E. separigata Bae; D. E. strigata Eaton." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659530/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">5A</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B41A8ECD5E737FA36" box="[144,364,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Ephemera orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B404DECD4E435FA37" author="McLachlan, R." box="[373,622,1422,1447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="167 - 190" refId="ref7297" refString="McLachlan, R. 1875. A sketch of our present knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and Trichoptera). Transactions of Entomological Society of London. 167 - 190." type="book chapter" year="1875">McLachlan, 1875: 167</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="CE7710C4FFBE454B4343ECD4E74FFA57" author="Demoulin, G." page="215" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4343ECD4E74FFA57" author="Demoulin, G." pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="215 - 217" refId="ref6281" refString="Demoulin, G. 1965. Redescription de l`holotype de Ephemera orientalis McLachlan 1875 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 40 (24): 215 - 217." type="journal article" year="1965">Demoulin, 1965: 215</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="CE7710C4FFBE454B4027ECF4E45CFA57" author="Tshernova, O. A." box="[287,519,1455,1479]" page="225" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4027ECF4E45CFA57" author="Tshernova, O. A." box="[287,519,1455,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="324 - 339" refId="ref7651" refString="Tshernova, O. A. 1973. Palearctic mayfly species of the genus Ephemera (Ephemeroptera Ephemeridae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 52 (2): 324 - 339." type="journal article" year="1973">Tshernova, 1973: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="CE7710C4FFBE454B432BECF4E4ECFA57" author="Gose, K." box="[531,695,1455,1479]" page="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B432BECF4E4ECFA57" author="Gose, K." box="[531,695,1455,1479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref6437" refString="Gose, K. 1981. A revision of the genus Ephemera from Japan. Biology of Inland Waters 2: 11 - 14 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1981">Gose, 1981: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="CE7710C4FFBE454B43FBECF4E70AFA77" author="Bae, Y. J. &amp; I. B. Yoon &amp; D. J. Chun" page="70" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B43FBECF4E70AFA77" author="Bae, Y. J. &amp; I. B. Yoon &amp; D. J. Chun" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref6172" refString="Bae, Y. J., I. B. Yoon and D. J. Chun. 1994. A catalogue of the Ephemeroptera of Korea. Entomological Research 20: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">
Bae 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B419EEC8BE685FA77" box="[166,222,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 70
</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="CE7710C4FFBE454B4065EC8BE42DFA77" author="Bae, Y. J. &amp; I. B. Yoon" box="[349,630,1487,1511]" page="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4065EC8BE42DFA77" author="Bae, Y. J. &amp; I. B. Yoon" box="[349,630,1487,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref6140" refString="Bae, Y. J. and I. B. Yoon. 1997. A revised catalogue of the Ephemeroptera of Korea. Entomological Research 23: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="1997">Bae and Yoon, 1997: 148</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="CE7710C4FFBE454B43BCEC8BE760F998" author="Hwang, J. M. &amp; S. J. Lee &amp; Y. J. Bae" page="430" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B43BCEC8BE760F998" author="Hwang, J. M. &amp; S. J. Lee &amp; Y. J. Bae" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="427 - 433" refId="ref6502" refString="Hwang, J. M., S. J. Lee and Y. J. Bae. 2003. Two co-inhabiting burrowing mayflies, Ephemera orientalis and E. sachalinensis, in Korean streams (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). Korean Journal of Limnology 36: 427 - 433." type="journal article" year="2003">
Hwang 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B43E1EC8BE699F997" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003: 430
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.
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<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B41A8EF6BE734F9D8" bold="true" box="[144,367,1584,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B404EEF6BE69CF919" collectingDate="2018-05-14" collectionCode="R" country="South Korea" location="Hangang" municipality="Gwangnaru" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="29" specimenCount-female="23" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Seoul">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B404EEF6BE403F9D8" bold="true" box="[374,600,1584,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B404EEF6BE45CF9D8" box="[374,519,1584,1608]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">South Korea</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="8D12F837FFBE454B432BEF6BE40FF9D8" box="[531,596,1584,1608]" country="South Korea" name="Seoul" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Seoul</collectingRegion>
:
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<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4367EF6BE4EBF9D8" box="[607,688,1584,1608]" count="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B43EAEF6BE680F9F8" count="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">23 female</specimenCount>
subimagoes, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B404FEF0BE7A1F9F8" box="[375,506,1616,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Gwangnaru</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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(
<collectionCode id="29C7AE10FFBE454B4341EF0BE4CBF9F8" box="[633,656,1616,1640]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">R</collectionCode>
.), 
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<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B4394EF0BE69CF919" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-05-14">2018- V-14</collectingDate>
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, Park SH, Seok SW. 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B408FEF2BE6BCF939" country="South Korea" location="Gyeonggi-do" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B408FEF2BE408F918" bold="true" box="[439,595,1648,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<collectingRegion id="8D12F837FFBE454B408FEF2BE415F918" box="[439,590,1648,1672]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Gyeonggi-do</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4364EF2AE4EFF918" box="[604,692,1648,1673]" count="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">10 male</specimenCount>
subimagoes
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&amp; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B4034EFCAE4B3F939" box="[268,744,1681,1705]" collectingDate="2011-05-02" country="South Korea" location="Gapyeong" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="19" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4034EFCAE72DF939" box="[268,374,1681,1705]" count="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">19 female</specimenCount>
subimagoes, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B4331EFCAE42CF939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B4331EFCAE42CF939" box="[521,631,1681,1705]" country="South Korea" name="Gapyeong" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">Gapyeong</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B43BBEFCAE4B3F939" box="[643,744,1681,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2011-05-02">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B43BBEFCAE4B3F939" box="[643,744,1681,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2011-05-02">2011-V-2</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B41A8EFEAE4B3F959" box="[144,744,1713,1737]" collectingDate="2011-06-02" country="South Korea" location="Gapyeong" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B41A8EFEAE6BAF959" box="[144,225,1713,1737]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B403EEFEAE734F959" box="[262,367,1713,1737]" count="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">13 female</specimenCount>
subimagoes, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B4338EFEAE436F959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B4338EFEAE436F959" box="[512,621,1713,1737]" country="South Korea" name="Gapyeong" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">Gapyeong</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B4341EFEAE4B3F959" box="[633,744,1713,1737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2011-06-02">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B4341EFEAE4B3F959" box="[633,744,1713,1737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2011-06-02">2011-VI-2</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B41A8EF8AE6A8F89A" collectingDate="2017-05-08" country="South Korea" location="Yeopgwang-gyo" municipality="Gapyeong" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="40" specimenCount-female="23" specimenCount-male="17" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B41A8EF8AE6B5F979" box="[144,238,1745,1769]" count="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">17 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B402AEF8AE7DDF979" box="[274,390,1745,1769]" count="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">23 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B40AAEF8AE7A5F979" box="[402,510,1745,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Gapyeong</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B4331EF89E4EAF97A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B4331EF89E4EAF97A" box="[521,689,1746,1770]" country="South Korea" municipality="Gapyeong" name="Yeopgwang-gyo" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">Yeopgwang-gyo</location>
(Br.), 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B41A8EFA9E6A8F89A" box="[144,243,1778,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2017-05-08">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B41A8EFA9E6A8F89A" box="[144,243,1778,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2017-05-08">2017-V-8</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B41C6EFAAE6A4F8BA" collectingDate="2018-05-13" country="South Korea" location="Deokso" municipality="Namyangju-si" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="19" specimenCount-male="16" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B41C6EFAAE701F899" box="[254,346,1777,1801]" count="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4046EFA9E7ABF899" box="[382,496,1777,1802]" count="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">19 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B40C4EFAAE4D5F899" box="[508,654,1777,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Namyangju-si</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B43A1EFAAE4B2F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B43A1EFAAE4B2F899" box="[665,745,1777,1801]" country="South Korea" municipality="Namyangju-si" name="Deokso" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">Deokso</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B41A8EE49E6A4F8BA" box="[144,255,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-05-13">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B41A8EE49E6A4F8BA" box="[144,255,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-05-13">2018-V-13</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B4030EE49E704F8DA" collectingDate="1991-07-18" country="South Korea" location="Hwanhyunmeon" municipality="Pocheon-si" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="32" specimenCount-female="20" specimenCount-male="12" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4030EE49E739F8BA" box="[264,354,1810,1834]" count="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B40BAEE49E7AAF8BA" box="[386,497,1810,1834]" count="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">20 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B40C3EE49E436F8BA" box="[507,621,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Pocheon-si</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B434EEE49E696F8DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B434EEE49E696F8DA" country="South Korea" municipality="Pocheon-si" name="Hwanhyunmeon" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">Hwanhyunmeon</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B41E0EE69E704F8DA" box="[216,351,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="1991-07-18">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B41E0EE69E704F8DA" box="[216,351,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="1991-07-18">1991-VII-18</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B4053EE69E7FEF8FA" country="South Korea" location="Gangwon-do" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="14" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4053EE69E7E5F8DA" box="[363,446,1842,1866]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B40DAEE69E402F8DA" box="[482,601,1842,1866]" count="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
, Yangpyeong, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B41A8EE09E755F8FA" box="[144,270,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2002-04-29">2002-IV-29.</date>
<collectingRegion id="8D12F837FFBE454B402BEE09E7FEF8FA" box="[275,421,1874,1898]" country="South Korea" name="Gangwon-do" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B402BEE09E7FEF8FA" bold="true" box="[275,421,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Gangwon-do</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B409DEE09E7F1F8FA" bold="true" box="[421,426,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B4097EE09E452F81B" collectingDate="2018-05-07" country="South Korea" location="Hwaam-myeon" municipality="Jeongsun-gun" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="62" specimenCount-female="37" specimenCount-male="25" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4097EE09E450F8FA" box="[431,523,1874,1898]" count="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="male">25 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4314EE09E4C5F8FA" box="[556,670,1874,1898]" count="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="female">37 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B4390EE08E6BCF81B" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Jeongsun-gun</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B41CBEE28E7C3F81B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B41CBEE28E7C3F81B" box="[243,408,1907,1931]" country="South Korea" municipality="Jeongsun-gun" name="Hwaam-myeon" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">Hwaam-myeon</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B409CEE28E452F81B" box="[420,521,1907,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-05-07">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B409CEE28E452F81B" box="[420,521,1907,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-05-07">2018-V-7</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, Park SH, Kim JS; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B43E7EE29E79DF83B" collectingDate="2018-06-02" country="South Korea" location="Jeongseon" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B43E7EE29E689F83B" count="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B41E4EEC8E710F83B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B41E4EEC8E710F83B" box="[220,331,1939,1963]" country="South Korea" name="Jeongseon" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">Jeongseon</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B406EEEC8E79DF83B" box="[342,454,1939,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-06-02">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B406EEEC8E79DF83B" box="[342,454,1939,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-06-02">2018-VI-2</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, Park SH, Kim JS; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B43AAEEC8E25BFE8D" collectingDate="2018-09-14" country="South Korea" latitude="37.378063" location="Bungyang-ri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.66725" municipality="Jeongseon-gun" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-larva="4" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B43AAEEC8E4B3F83B" box="[658,744,1939,1963]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B41A8EEEFE769F85C" box="[144,306,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Jeongseon-gun</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B4006EEE8E79FF85B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B4006EEE8E79FF85B" box="[318,452,1971,1995]" country="South Korea" latitude="37.378063" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.66725" municipality="Jeongseon-gun" name="Bungyang-ri" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">Bungyang-ri</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="2AE25012FFBE454B40E9EEE8E4D8F85C" box="[465,643,1970,1996]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" precision="1" seconds="02.11" value="128.66725">
E 128°40 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4300EEE9E465F85C" bold="true" box="[568,574,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʹ</emphasis>
02.11 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4341EEE9E4D8F85C" bold="true" box="[633,643,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʺ</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2AE25012FFBE454B43B3EEEFE536FE8D" box="[651,877,259,1996]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" precision="1" seconds="41.04" value="37.378063">
N 37°22 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B43DFEEE9E4B6F85C" bold="true" box="[743,749,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʹ</emphasis>
41.04 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B425BE858E536FE8D" bold="true" box="[867,877,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʺ</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B42BAE85EE25BFE8D" box="[898,1024,261,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-09-14">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B42BAE85EE25BFE8D" box="[898,1024,261,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2018-09-14">2018-IX-14</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, Park SH, Kim JS, Mayorga A; 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B4476E85EE21FFECD" collectingDate="2016-09-11" country="South Korea" latitude="37.075363" location="Cheondungsan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.94802" municipality="Wonju-si" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-larva="6" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B4476E85EE50BFEAD" count="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B4265E87EE59AFEAD" box="[861,961,293,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Wonju-si</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B42F5E87EE230FEAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B42F5E87EE230FEAD" box="[973,1131,293,317]" country="South Korea" latitude="37.075363" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.94802" municipality="Wonju-si" name="Cheondungsan" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gangwon-do">Cheondungsan</location>
(Mt.) (
<geoCoordinate id="2AE25012FFBE454B458EE87EE331FEAE" box="[1206,1386,292,318]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" precision="1" seconds="52.88" value="127.94802">
E 127°56 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4426E87FE37FFEAE" bold="true" box="[1310,1316,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʹ</emphasis>
52.88 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4458E87FE331FEAE" bold="true" box="[1376,1386,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʺ</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2AE25012FFBE454B444AE87DE5EAFECE" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" precision="1" seconds="31.31" value="37.075363">
N 37°04 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B425FE81FE536FECE" bold="true" box="[871,877,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʹ</emphasis>
31.31 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B429FE81FE5EAFECE" bold="true" box="[935,945,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">ʺ</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B42F0E81EE21FFECD" box="[968,1092,325,349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2016-09-11">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B42F0E81EE21FFECD" box="[968,1092,325,349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2016-09-11">2016-IX-11</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, Park SH, Seok SW. 
<materialsCitation id="FFBE3C88FFBE454B441FE81EE58CFE0E" collectingDate="2017-05-31" country="South Korea" location="Jirisan National Park" municipality="Sancheong-gun" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-larva="9" stateProvince="Gyeongnam">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B441FE81EE5E7FEEE" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<collectingRegion id="8D12F837FFBE454B441FE81EE5ECFEEE" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Gyeongsangnam-do</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="59D0FD5CFFBE454B42FCE83DE246FEEE" box="[964,1053,358,382]" count="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="AF0DACAFFFBE454B4512E83DE28AFEEE" box="[1066,1233,358,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Sancheong-gun</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4A09600EFFBE454B45E5E83DE500FE0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C77F87C3FFBE454841A8EC15E789F9F5:4A09600EFFBE454B45E5E83DE500FE0E" country="South Korea" municipality="Sancheong-gun" name="Jirisan National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Gyeongnam">Jirisan National Park</location>
, 
<date id="3B681015FFBE454B425DE8DDE58CFE0E" box="[869,983,390,414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2017-05-31">
<collectingDate id="2B2CE9FDFFBE454B425DE8DDE58CFE0E" box="[869,983,390,414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" value="2017-05-31">2017-V-31</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, Bae YJ, Park SH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07CC655EFFBE454B4211E8FDE5B0FB93" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE454B4211E8FDE5DFFD30" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4211E8FDE5F9FE2E" bold="true" box="[809,930,422,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length 16.4± 
<quantity id="882E9B30FFBE454B45BCE8FDE28DFE2E" box="[1156,1238,422,446]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
in female adult and 14.1± 
<quantity id="882E9B30FFBE454B42A5E89CE5B0FE4E" box="[925,1003,455,479]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
in male adult (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B45B1E89CE351FE4F" box="[1161,1290,455,479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[351,1266,261,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-205@2.[350,1268,258,1369]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Adults of South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus:A. male E. orientalis McLachlan; B. female E. orientalis; C. male wings of E. orientalis; D. male E. sachalinensis Matsumura; E. female E. sachalinensis; F. male wings E. sachalinensis; G. male E. separigata Bae; H. female E. separigata Eaton; I. male wings E. separigata; J. male E. strigata Bae; K. female E. strigata; L. male wings E. strigata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659522/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with lateral dark stripes and yellowish pale median band (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B4209EB5CE5B1FD8F" box="[817,1002,519,543]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,178,1150,1172]" captionText="Fig. 2. Head of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. larval head of E. orientalis; B. larval head of E. sachalinensis; C. subimago head of E. orientalis; D. subimago head of E. sachalinensis; E. imago head of E. orientalis; F. imago head of E. sachalinensis." pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 2A, 2D, 2E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen with paired multi-striped markings; segments I- II of abdominal tergum with dark pigment covering all or almost all the segments; pigmentation can be as dots, bars or irregular-shaped (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B4419EB33E512FD30" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[809,843,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[144,1408,257,1148]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Abdominal terga of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. variation I of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; B. variation II of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; C. abdominal terga of E. sachalinensis. Arrows indicate the key diagnostic characters between E. orientalis and E. sachalinensis at abdominal terga I and II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Figs. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B426CEBD3E522FD30" box="[852,889,648,672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,208,955,977]" captionTargetBox="[298,1321,260,922]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[294,1324,257,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus larvae: A. E. orientalis McLachlan; B. E. sachalinensis Matsumura; C. E. separigata Bae; D. E. strigata Eaton. Posterior margin of tergum X of South Korean Ephemera larvae: E. E. orientalis; F. E. sachalinensis; G. E. separigata; H. E. strigata. Claw of foreleg of the larvae: I. E. orientalis; J. E. sachalinensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659528/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE454B4211EBF3E26FFC32" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4211EBF3E529FD50" bold="true" box="[809,882,680,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Adult.</emphasis>
Forewing transparent with dark brown marks on crossveins; costal area dark brown; MP1-MP2 with a dark spot; CuA and MP2 fused (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B457AEBB2E2C9FC91" box="[1090,1170,745,769]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[351,1266,261,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-205@2.[350,1268,258,1369]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Adults of South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus:A. male E. orientalis McLachlan; B. female E. orientalis; C. male wings of E. orientalis; D. male E. sachalinensis Matsumura; E. female E. sachalinensis; F. male wings E. sachalinensis; G. male E. separigata Bae; H. female E. separigata Eaton; I. male wings E. separigata; J. male E. strigata Bae; K. female E. strigata; L. male wings E. strigata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659522/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Forelegs anterior half of fore femur pale brown and posterior half dark brown; fore tibia and tarsus dark brown (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B45AAEA72E2B2FCD2" box="[1170,1257,809,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[351,1266,261,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-205@2.[350,1268,258,1369]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Adults of South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus:A. male E. orientalis McLachlan; B. female E. orientalis; C. male wings of E. orientalis; D. male E. sachalinensis Matsumura; E. female E. sachalinensis; F. male wings E. sachalinensis; G. male E. separigata Bae; H. female E. separigata Eaton; I. male wings E. separigata; J. male E. strigata Bae; K. female E. strigata; L. male wings E. strigata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659522/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Male genital lobes square-shaped, sclerotized and without prominent apical inner concavity; penis with distinct titillators triangular-shaped (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B42EBEAD1E27CFC32" box="[979,1063,906,930]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,207,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[175,776,1101,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-338@4.[174,779,1098,1893]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Male genitalia of South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus males: A. E. orientalis McLachlan; B. E. sachalinensis Matsumura; C. E. separigata Bae; D. E. strigata Eaton." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659530/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE454B4211EAF0E5B0FB93" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4211EAF0E589FC53" bold="true" box="[809,978,939,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Mature larva.</emphasis>
Claw pointed and elongated (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B4410EAF0E323FC53" box="[1320,1400,939,963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,208,955,977]" captionTargetBox="[298,1321,260,922]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[294,1324,257,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus larvae: A. E. orientalis McLachlan; B. E. sachalinensis Matsumura; C. E. separigata Bae; D. E. strigata Eaton. Posterior margin of tergum X of South Korean Ephemera larvae: E. E. orientalis; F. E. sachalinensis; G. E. separigata; H. E. strigata. Claw of foreleg of the larvae: I. E. orientalis; J. E. sachalinensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659528/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of tergum X trapezoid-shaped and pronounced (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B42B5EAB0E585FB93" box="[909,990,1003,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,208,955,977]" captionTargetBox="[298,1321,260,922]" captionTargetId="figure-256@4.[294,1324,257,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. South Korean Ephemera Linnaeus larvae: A. E. orientalis McLachlan; B. E. sachalinensis Matsumura; C. E. separigata Bae; D. E. strigata Eaton. Posterior margin of tergum X of South Korean Ephemera larvae: E. E. orientalis; F. E. sachalinensis; G. E. separigata; H. E. strigata. Claw of foreleg of the larvae: I. E. orientalis; J. E. sachalinensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659528/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07CC655EFFBE454B4211ED50E5ECFBD4" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE454B4211ED50E5ECFBD4" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4211ED50E5E6FBB3" bold="true" box="[809,957,1035,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B42FDED50E25CFBB3" box="[965,1031,1035,1059]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B452CED57E20BFBB3" box="[1044,1104,1036,1059]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Japan</collectingCountry>
[
<typeStatus id="906D8877FFBE454B4563ED57E2D0FBB4" box="[1115,1163,1036,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
locality], 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B45C3ED57E365FBB3" box="[1275,1342,1036,1059]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Korea</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B4473ED57E53BFBD4" name="Mongolia" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B4252ED77E5E8FBD4" box="[874,947,1068,1092]" name="Russia" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07CC655EFFBE45484211ED17E789F9F5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE454B4211ED17E30EFAF6" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4211ED17E5C6FBF4" bold="true" box="[809,925,1100,1124]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among the 
<taxonomicName id="88D64D56FFBE454B4516ED17E2A0FBF4" box="[1070,1275,1100,1124]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4516ED17E2FBFBF4" box="[1070,1184,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Ephemera</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with paired multi-striped markings on abdominal segments, this species is one of the most widely distributed species in Far 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B4211EDF6E5CEFB55" box="[809,917,1197,1221]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">East Asia</collectingCountry>
, and is well studied especially in 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B442FEDF6E30EFB54" box="[1303,1365,1197,1220]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Japan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B4211ED96E5EEFB74" box="[809,949,1229,1253]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">South Korea</collectingCountry>
in terms of life history (
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B45F3ED96E314FB75" author="Gose, K." box="[1227,1359,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref6406" refString="Gose, K. 1970. Life history and production rate of Ephemera strigata (Ephemeroptera). Japanese Journal of Limnology 31 (1): 21 - 26." type="journal article" year="1970">Gose, 1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4465ED96E5FDFA95" author="Lee, S. J. &amp; I. B. Yoon &amp; Y. J. Bae" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="201 - 208" refId="ref7000" refString="Lee, S. J., I. B. Yoon and Y. J. Bae. 1995. Altitudinal distribution of Ephemera strigata Eaton and Ephemera orientalis McLachlan (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). Korean Journal of Entomology 25: 201 - 208." type="journal article" year="1995">
Lee 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4211EDB5E53BFA95" box="[809,864,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B428AEDB6E5B1FA95" author="Lee, S. J. &amp; Y. J. Bae &amp; I. B. Yoon &amp; N. C. Watanabe" box="[946,1002,1261,1285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="253 - 260" refId="ref7096" refString="Lee, S. J., Y. J. Bae, I. B. Yoon and N. C. Watanabe. 1999. Comparisons of temperature-related life histories in two ephemerid mayflies (Ephemera separigata and Ephemera strigata: Ephemeridae, Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from a mountain stream in Korea. Korean Journal of Limnology 32: 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B42CFEDB6E274FA95" author="Lee, S. J. &amp; J. M. Hwang &amp; Y. J. Bae" box="[1015,1071,1261,1285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="279 - 288" refId="ref7047" refString="Lee, S. J., J. M. Hwang and Y. J. Bae. 2008. Life history of a lowland burrowing mayfly, Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), in a Korean stream. Hydrobiologia 596: 279 - 288." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4503EDB5E356FA95" author="Hwang, J. M. &amp; T. J. Yoon &amp; S. J. Lee &amp; Y. J. Bae" box="[1083,1293,1261,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="333 - 341" refId="ref6608" refString="Hwang, J. M., T. J. Yoon, S. J. Lee and Y. J. Bae. 2009. Life history and secondary production of Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) from the Han River in Seoul, Korea. Aquatic Insects 31: 333 - 341." type="journal article" year="2009">
Hwang 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B45B7EDB5E29DFA95" box="[1167,1222,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4421EDB5E53BFAB6" author="Lee, C. Y. &amp; J. M. Hwang &amp; T. J. Yoon &amp; D. G. Kim &amp; M. J. Beak &amp; H. J. Kang &amp; S. J. Lee &amp; L. J. Choe &amp; S. Y. Cho &amp; Y. J. Bae" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="287 - 287" refId="ref6902" refString="Lee, C. Y., J. M. Hwang, T. J. Yoon, D. G. Kim, M. J. Beak, H. J. Kang, S. J. Lee, L. J. Choe, S. Y. Cho and Y. J. Bae. 2011. Long Term Monitoring of the Life History of a Riverine Mayfly Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) in the Han River in Seoul, Korea. Entomological Research 41: 287 - 287." type="journal article" year="2011">
Lee 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4471EDB5E324FA95" box="[1353,1407,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4252EC56E245FAB6" author="Seok, S. &amp; M. J. Baek &amp; J. M. Hwang &amp; S. H. Park &amp; Y. J. Bae" box="[874,1054,1293,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref7366" refString="Seok, S., M. J. Baek, J. M. Hwang, S. H. Park and Y. J. Bae. 2019. Effects of flood disturbance on the cohort structure of the riverine mayfly Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) in the Han River in Seoul, Korea. Entomological Research 49: 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="2019">
Seok 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B429DEC55E581FAB5" box="[933,986,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
), the level of genetic diversity and its ecology (
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B429EEC75E22CFAD6" author="Kuroda, T. &amp; T. Fujimoto &amp; N. C. Watanabe" box="[934,1143,1326,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="15 - 21" refId="ref6858" refString="Kuroda, T., T. Fujimoto and N. C. Watanabe. 1984. Longitudinal Distribution and Life Cycle of the three species of Ephemera in the Kazuradani River, Kagawa Prefecture. Kagawa Seibutsu 12: 15 - 21." type="journal article" year="1984">
Kuroda 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B42C5EC75E269FAD6" box="[1021,1074,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 1984
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B45B9EC75E373FAD6" author="Lee, S. J. &amp; I. B. Yoon &amp; Y. J. Bae" box="[1153,1320,1326,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="201 - 208" refId="ref7000" refString="Lee, S. J., I. B. Yoon and Y. J. Bae. 1995. Altitudinal distribution of Ephemera strigata Eaton and Ephemera orientalis McLachlan (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). Korean Journal of Entomology 25: 201 - 208." type="journal article" year="1995">
Lee 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4597EC75E2BFFAD6" box="[1199,1252,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B440BEC75E5D3FAF6" author="Kang, Y. S. &amp; J. Ko &amp; M. Han &amp; Y. J. Bae &amp; Y. Kim" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="319 - 323" refId="ref6762" refString="Kang, Y. S., J. Ko, M. Han, Y. J. Bae and Y. Kim. 2005. Restriction polymorphism of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I in oriental Mayfly, Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 8 (3): 319 - 323." type="journal article" year="2005">
Kang 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B444BEC75E51FFAF6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B42AAEC14E206FAF6" author="Hwang, J. M. &amp; T. J. Yoon &amp; S. J. Lee &amp; Y. J. Bae" box="[914,1117,1358,1383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="333 - 341" refId="ref6608" refString="Hwang, J. M., T. J. Yoon, S. J. Lee and Y. J. Bae. 2009. Life history and secondary production of Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) from the Han River in Seoul, Korea. Aquatic Insects 31: 333 - 341." type="journal article" year="2009">
Hwang 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B42DCEC14E243FAF6" box="[996,1048,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B455EEC15E311FAF6" author="Takenaka, M. &amp; H. Kogawara &amp; Y. J. Bae &amp; K. Tojo" box="[1126,1354,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="351 - 364" refId="ref7546" refString="Takenaka, M., H. Kogawara, Y. J. Bae and K. Tojo. 2023. Genetic differentiation within species exhibiting widespread gene flow; phylogeography of the downstream-inhabiting species Ephemera orientalis (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 138 (4): 351 - 364." type="journal article" year="2023">
Takenaka 
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B45E8EC14E35FFAF6" box="[1232,1284,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
, 2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE454B4278EC35E5E7F958" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
This species was redescribed based on the 
<typeStatus id="906D8877FFBE454B45CFEC35E309FA16" box="[1271,1362,1390,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4465EC35E5EDFA36" author="Demoulin, G." pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="215 - 217" refId="ref6281" refString="Demoulin, G. 1965. Redescription de l`holotype de Ephemera orientalis McLachlan 1875 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 40 (24): 215 - 217." type="journal article" year="1965">Demoulin, 1965</bibRefCitation>
), although the redescription lacked details of larva and male genitalia. Because of its wide distribution in a variety of habitats and geographical regions, morphological variations between local populations or cohorts are still poorly understood. Based on a close examination of adult and larval materials, we found that the shape of the pigmentation on the abdominal segment I- II (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B4461EF0BE523F919" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[809,843,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[144,1408,257,1148]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Abdominal terga of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. variation I of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; B. variation II of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; C. abdominal terga of E. sachalinensis. Arrows indicate the key diagnostic characters between E. orientalis and E. sachalinensis at abdominal terga I and II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
; also illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="2B474B24FFBE454B4570EF2AE29AF919" author="Gose, K." box="[1096,1217,1649,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref6437" refString="Gose, K. 1981. A revision of the genus Ephemera from Japan. Biology of Inland Waters 2: 11 - 14 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1981">Gose, 1981</bibRefCitation>
) could be a useful character to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="88D64D56FFBE454B451AEFCAE2F8F939" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1875" box="[1058,1187,1681,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B451AEFCAE2F8F939" box="[1058,1187,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">E. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="88D64D56FFBE454B4457EFCAE5EEF959" authorityName="Matsumura. A" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Ephemeridae" genus="Ephemera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
<emphasis id="7DA2EAC7FFBE454B4457EFCAE5EEF959" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">E. sachalinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F6936D5FFBE45484278EF89E789F9F5" blockId="1.[809,1415,259,1995]" lastBlockId="2.[174,778,1548,1637]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">
In addition, despite its wide distribution across various habitats and countries, studies on the morphological variability among populations and cohorts remain incomplete. For instance, this study observed some morphological variations. Specimens from different sites in 
<collectingCountry id="37C17645FFBE454B4439EE09E3DDF8FA" box="[1281,1414,1874,1898]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">South Korea</collectingCountry>
exhibited certain variations in the pigmentation patterns on tergal segments I- II (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE454B450AEEC8E2ECF83B" box="[1074,1207,1939,1963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[809,843,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[144,1408,257,1148]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Abdominal terga of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. variation I of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; B. variation II of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; C. abdominal terga of E. sachalinensis. Arrows indicate the key diagnostic characters between E. orientalis and E. sachalinensis at abdominal terga I and II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
), such as complete dark pigmentation, or incomplete dark pigmentation (
<figureCitation id="D7ED2A50FFBE45484463EEE8E689F9B4" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[809,843,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[144,1408,257,1148]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Abdominal terga of Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Ephemera sachalinensis Matsumura: A. variation I of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; B. variation II of abdominal terga of E. orientalis; C. abdominal terga of E. sachalinensis. Arrows indicate the key diagnostic characters between E. orientalis and E. sachalinensis at abdominal terga I and II." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14659526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14659526/files/figure.png" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="1" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). However, other distinctive morphological features proposed in this study remained consistent across sex, both larval and adult stages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>