426 lines
36 KiB
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426 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" ID-PMC="PMC4957028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-66-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" ID-PubMed="27489494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="128816" ModsDocID="1314-2003-66-1" checkinTime="1468449185517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra & Vorontsova, Maria S." docDate="2016" docId="C6BE9FB0AB57583588D00F96E037C160" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 66: 1-142" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 66" docPubDate="2016-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" docTitle="Solanum imamense Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 85. 1852." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668141734746" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 7 3 AB, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-07-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>66</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-66-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">128816</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C6BE9FB0AB57583588D00F96E037C160" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6BE9FB0AB57583588D00F96E037C160" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C6BE9FB0-AB57-5835-88D0-0F96E037C160" authority="Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 85. 1852." authorityName="Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 85. 1852." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">Solanum imamense Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 85. 1852.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowers of species in the ANS clade. A Solanum africanum Mill. (South Africa, Rebelo s. n. - no herbarium voucher) B Solanum imamense Dunal (Madagascar, Rakotavao 5128) C Solanum madagascariense Dunal (Madagascar, Vorontsova et al. 498) D Solanum sambiranense D'Arcy & Rakot. (Madagascar, Randrianasolo 580) E Solanum terminale Forssk. (Kenya, Vorontsova et al. 93) F Solanum truncicola Bitter (Madagascar, Antilahimena et al. 7846). Photo credits: A Tony Rebelo; B Charles Rakotavao; C, E Maria Vorontsova; D Richard Randrianasolo; E Patrice Antilahimena." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95573" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figures 1B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habit and fruits of species of the ANS clade. A Habit of Solanum sambiranense D'Arcy & Rakot. (Madagascar, Randrianasolo 580) B Fruit of Solanum imamense Dunal (Madagascar, Rakotavao 5128) C Fruit of Solanum terminale Forssk., pointed form (Angola, Goyder et al. 7749) D Fruit of Solanum terminale Forssk., globose form (Tanzania, Tepe et al. 2783). Photo credits: A Richard Randrianasolo; B Charles Rakotavao; C David Goyder; D Maria Vorontsova." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95575" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">, 2B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Solanum imamense Dunal. Flowering branch (based on Baron 1754). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95584" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">, 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense subsp. var. var. grandiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="imamense" subSpecies="var." variety="grandiflorum">Solanum imamense Dunal var. grandiflorum</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 85. 1852. Type. Madagascar. Antananarivo: "in rupibus provinciae Emirnae [Imerina] Madagascariensis" 1833,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">W. Bojer s.n.</emphasis>
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(holotype: G-DC [G00144980]; isotypes: W [W0000604], K [K000212345]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ankazobe" order="Solanales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ankazobe">Solanum ankazobe</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
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& Rakot., Fl. Madag. Fam. 176: 67. 1994. Type. Madagascar. Antananarivo: Bois sabloneux secs, Ambongo, entre Andranomavo et Itampitso, Sep 1905,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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J. Perrier de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
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9615
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: P [P00349380]; isotype: MO [MO-150887]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="W. Bojer" country="Madagascar" location="Antananarivo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antananarivo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</collectingRegion>
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:"croit sur les rocher
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<normalizedToken originalValue="escarpées">escarpees</normalizedToken>
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dans le
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Imamou”">d'Imamou"</normalizedToken>
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, 1839,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<collectorName>W. Bojer</collectorName>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: G-DC [G00144901])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Shrub or liana, 3-4(+) m tall. Stems flexuous, flattened to terete, sparsely to densely pubescent with densely to loosely branched dendritic trichomes 0.2-0.3 (0.5) mm long, glabrescent; new growth sparsely to more commonly densely pubescent with uniseriate dendritic trichomes to 0.5 mm long, these often drying golden or golden reddish in herbarium specimens; bark of older stems longitudinally ridged, light grey. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, on short shoots or somewhat clustered towards tips of branches. Leaves simple, 2.5-5(7) cm long, 1.5-3(4) cm wide, ovate, membranous to chartaceous, discolorous, pubescent on both surfaces with uniseriate dendritic trichomes to 0.5 mm long, sometimes slightly longer and somewhat denser in the axils of the main veins with the midrib; major veins 4-7 pairs, spreading at ca. 60° to the midvein and forming loops, the finer venation often visible; base attenuate or truncate to weakly cordate; margins entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole slender, 0.5-1.5(2) cm long, pubescent with dendritic trichomes like those of the new growth and leaves. Inflorescences terminal, at the apex of slender terminal or lateral branches, 3-7(10) cm long, furcate (sometimes unbranched), with (4)7-13 flowers, pubescent with dendritic trichomes like those of stems and leaves; peduncle 0.5-2.5 cm long; pedicels 1.1-1.7 cm long, apically dilated, pubescent with trichomes as on the young stem, articulated less than 1 mm from base and tiny pegs; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-4 mm apart. Buds ovoid to ellipsoid, the corolla only about halfway exserted from the corolla tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx tube 2-3 mm long, conical, the lobes 3-5 (7.5) mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide at base, deltate to linear, acute at the tips, unequal in size, tearing at the sinuses by ca. 1 mm, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes like those on the rachis. Corolla 2-3 cm in diameter, violet or purple, lobed almost to base, the lobes 10-15 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, narrowly deltate to linear, puberulous adaxially, minutely pubescent abaxially with dendritic trichomes, these larger at the tips and margins. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 1 mm long; free portion of the filaments 1-2 mm long, glabrous; anthers 4-5(6) mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, broadly ellipsoid, not connivent, smooth abaxially with some papillae near the pores, poricidal at the tips, the pores much smaller than anther apices, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter, not lengthening with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 10-13 mm long, protruding 3-5(7) mm above the anthers, laterally flattened, curved, glabrous; stigma clavate to capitate, dark, the surface smooth. Fruit a globose to elongate pyriform berry, ca. 3 cm long, 1.2-1.6 cm in diameter, apically rounded or the distal portion pointed and elongate, dark purple when mature, the pericarp thin, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-2.5 cm long, up to 1.5 mm diameter at base, pendulous, flexible, ridged; fruiting calyx slightly accrescent, the lobes becoming wider and forming a spreading cup around the fruit. Seeds 20-30 per berry, 4-4.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, yellowish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal or sinuate in outline, the lateral walls with hair-like projections to 0.1 mm long.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980349" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95584" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dunal. Flowering branch (based on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Baron 1754</emphasis>
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). Adapted from
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<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
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and Rakotozafy (1994)
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</bibRefCitation>
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with permission of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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National
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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Naturelle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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(Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution of Solanum imamense Dunal." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95585" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12</figureCitation>
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). Endemic to Madagascar, with a broad distribution range in the west, the south, and on the high central plateau; in the provinces of Mahajanaga, Antananarivo, and Toliara.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980351" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95585" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dunal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Open dry forest and forest edges; often growing on rocks; 900-1000 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Common</pageBreakToken>
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names and uses.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B56" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11., http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Least Concern (LC). EOO 165,095 km2 (LC), AOO 40 km2 (EN). In common with other members of the ANS clade in Madagascar,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a relatively wide distribution, resulting in an EOO indicating lack of immediate conservation concern. The paucity of collections, indicative of local rarity, coupled with the ongoing habitat threats in Madagascar, however, do indicate monitoring and further collection to assess local and regional rarity is necessary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a fairly common liana or shrub with shallowly cordate or truncate leaves clustered towards tips of branches, large (to 3 cm in diameter) violet or purple flowers, and large anthers 4-5 mm long. The pubescence of den
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<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">dritic</pageBreakToken>
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trichomes up to 0.3-0.5 mm long is visible with the naked eye on the petioles, pedicels, inflorescences and abaxial sides of the leaves (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowers of species in the ANS clade. A Solanum africanum Mill. (South Africa, Rebelo s. n. - no herbarium voucher) B Solanum imamense Dunal (Madagascar, Rakotavao 5128) C Solanum madagascariense Dunal (Madagascar, Vorontsova et al. 498) D Solanum sambiranense D'Arcy & Rakot. (Madagascar, Randrianasolo 580) E Solanum terminale Forssk. (Kenya, Vorontsova et al. 93) F Solanum truncicola Bitter (Madagascar, Antilahimena et al. 7846). Photo credits: A Tony Rebelo; B Charles Rakotavao; C, E Maria Vorontsova; D Richard Randrianasolo; E Patrice Antilahimena." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95573" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habit and fruits of species of the ANS clade. A Habit of Solanum sambiranense D'Arcy & Rakot. (Madagascar, Randrianasolo 580) B Fruit of Solanum imamense Dunal (Madagascar, Rakotavao 5128) C Fruit of Solanum terminale Forssk., pointed form (Angola, Goyder et al. 7749) D Fruit of Solanum terminale Forssk., globose form (Tanzania, Tepe et al. 2783). Photo credits: A Richard Randrianasolo; B Charles Rakotavao; C David Goyder; D Maria Vorontsova." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95575" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically similar and possibly closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum betroka" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betroka">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum betroka</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from southern Madagascar and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Madagascar, and perhaps also the rare and poorly known
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the province of Fianarantsoa.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum betroka" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betroka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum betroka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its inflorescences with 7-13 (versus 1-3) flowers, larger floral parts, and leaves that are always entire (versus leaves that are frequently lobed).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its ovate leaves 2.5-5 cm long (versus elliptic to obovate leaves 5-10 cm long) and looser dendritic trichomes 0.2-0.5 mm (versus less than 0.1 mm) long.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its ovate leaves less than 5 cm long (versus elliptic to obovate leaves 5-7 cm long), cordate to short attenuate (versus long attenuate) leaf base, and calyx lobes more than 2 mm (versus less than 2 mm) long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad ecological profile occurring occasionally in dry to mesic parts of the island in the western, central, and southern ecoregions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Humbert, H" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="195 - 204" refId="B55" refString="Humbert, H, 1955. Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. Leur cartographie. Colloque sur les regions ecologiques du globe, Paris 1954. Annales de Biologie 31: 195 - 204" title="Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. Leur cartographie. Colloque sur les regions ecologiques du globe, Paris 1954." volume="31" year="1955">Humbert 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Faramalala, MH" journalOrPublisher="Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="B46" refString="Faramalala, MH, 1988. Etude de la vegetation de Madagascar a l'aide des donnees spaciales. Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse" title="Etude de la vegetation de Madagascar a l'aide des donnees spaciales" year="1988">Faramalala 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Faramalala, MH" journalOrPublisher="Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="B47" refString="Faramalala, MH, 1995. Formations vegetales et domaine forestier national de Madagascar. In: Conservation International (et al.)." title="Formations vegetales et domaine forestier national de Madagascar." volumeTitle="Conservation International (et al.)." year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the southern part of its distribution range it is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum betroka" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betroka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum betroka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the northern part of the range with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sambiranense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum sambiranense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense subsp. var. var. grandiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="imamense" subSpecies="var." variety="grandiflorum">Solanum imamense var. grandiflorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
was accepted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rakotozafy (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It differs from the type variety by flower size and pubescence density, but the variation in both characters is continuous. The type specimens of both were collected by W. Bojer in central Madagascar.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ankazobe" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ankazobe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum ankazobe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described on the basis of three collections, and was distinguished by its small leaves, smaller calyx tube, irregular tearing of the calyx and wider ovary. The type collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ankazobe" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ankazobe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum ankazobe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
9615
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) has leaves that fall within the range of variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while other specimens cited have smaller floral parts (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
9577
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">9579</emphasis>
|
||
). We consider these specimens to fall within the range of variation represented in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum imamense" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imamense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum imamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and treat
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ankazobe" order="Solanales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ankazobe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Solanum ankazobe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1925-12" collectingDateMax="1942-01-03" collectingDateMin="1925-12" collectorName="Antananarivo-Nord, Tananarive, de Tananarive, Perrier de la Bathie" country="Madagascar" location="Ihopa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antananarivo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>Antananarivo-Nord</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Tananarive</collectorName>
|
||
, environs
|
||
<collectorName>de Tananarive</collectorName>
|
||
(Anositavo),
|
||
<collectingDate value="1928-04-22">22 Apr 1928</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Decary 6276</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, P); Manerinerina, Tampoketsa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankazobe">d'Ankazobe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1942-01-03">3 Jan 1942</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Decary 17170</emphasis>
|
||
MO, (P); Betafo, s.d.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
9574
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Ankazobe, Manankazo, Tangeotseha entre
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C6BE9FB0AB57583588D00F96E037C160:0854936EFE21EC4226A574EA8AABE6EE" country="Madagascar" name="Ihopa" stateProvince="Antananarivo">Ihopa</location>
|
||
et Behibotra,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1925-12">Dec 1925</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
16830
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1901-11" collectingDateMax="1905-09" collectingDateMin="1901-11" collectorName="Marovoay, Anjiafitatra, du MontTsialondraina, Perrier de la Bathie" country="Madagascar" location="Andranomavo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>Marovoay</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Anjiafitatra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>du MontTsialondraina</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boïna">Boina</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingDate value="1901-11">Nov 1901</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
1332
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Ambongo, entre
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C6BE9FB0AB57583588D00F96E037C160:7EE3561082CEF84961AFC3238531E850" country="Madagascar" name="Andranomavo" stateProvince="Mahajanga">Andranomavo</location>
|
||
et Itampitso,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1905-09">Sep 1905</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
9615
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1928-11-25" collectingDateMax="2010-01-17" collectingDateMin="1928-11-25" collectorName="Amboasary-Sud, Amboahangy, du Mandrare, Mont Amboahangy, d'Esira" country="Madagascar" location="Bekily" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>Amboasary-Sud</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Amboahangy</collectorName>
|
||
, bassin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="supérieur">superieur</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>du Mandrare</collectorName>
|
||
(Sud-Est),
|
||
<collectorName>Mont Amboahangy</collectorName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="prés">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Esira">
|
||
<collectorName>d'Esira</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1928-11-25">25 Nov 1928</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Humbert 6812</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Sakaraha,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Analafanja">d'Analafanja</normalizedToken>
|
||
au
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Fiherenana">N du Fiherenana</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1934-03">Mar 1934</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Humbert 14290</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Atsimo-Andrefana, Behetaheta, district et commume rural Beroroha, Fokotany, Beronono-Makay,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-01-17">17 Jan 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rakotovao et al. 5128</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C6BE9FB0AB57583588D00F96E037C160:C4E3BDC6B72E54AEC1ECA296E9532995" country="Madagascar" name="Bekily" stateProvince="Toliara">Bekily</location>
|
||
, Ampandrandava,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Bekily" secondLocation="Tsivory">entre Bekily et Tsivory</locationDeviation>
|
||
, 1943,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Seyrig 156</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |