347 lines
45 KiB
XML
347 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F6F511F614F9C5D71D38DC5688D00A6E">World review of Laricobius (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED3D4422F9DEE9019F925BC37EC2B197">Leschen, Richard A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="820E7707BC529458DB94F1E9DF1A1269">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="790DD3B3539A2C07E90899D1AC7737AF">2908</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8FB0E5855DE53AECB919674B2D74503B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.201491</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C563080BFFD03A7DFF21697EF3EBF8F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661200" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C563080BFFD03A7DFF21697EF3EBF8F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C563080BFFD03A7DFF21697EF3EBF8F2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="05D0EA96FFD03A7CFF21697EF1D2FC77" box="[151,509,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD03A7CFF21697EF1D2FC77" blockId="2.[151,509,871,897]" box="[151,509,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="163D0E71FFD03A7CFF21697EF1D2FC77" bold="true" box="[151,509,871,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFF21697EF1D2FC77" ID-CoL="62XCG" ID-ENA="174906" authority="Rosenhauer, 1846" authorityName="Rosenhauer" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,509,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFF21697EF1D2FC77" bold="true" box="[151,509,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFF21697EF136FC77" bold="true" box="[151,281,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Laricobius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD03A7CFE96697EF1D2FC77" author="Rosenhauer" box="[288,509,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Rosenhauer, E. G. (1846) Broscosoma und Laricobius, zwei neue Kafer-Gattungen, entdeckt, beschreiben und in Stahl abgebildet. Blaesing, Erlangen, 1 - 8 pp. + 1 pl." type="book chapter" year="1846">Rosenhauer, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="05D0EA96FFD03A7CFF2169B6F281FC32" box="[151,686,942,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD03A7CFF2169B6F281FC32" blockId="2.[151,686,942,965]" box="[151,686,942,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="927107BFFFD03A7CFF2169B6F0E6FC32" box="[151,201,943,964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species by monotypy,
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFE0669A9F281FC32" authority="Rosenhauer" authorityName="Rosenhauer" box="[432,686,942,965]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsonii">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFE0669A9F21FFC33" box="[432,560,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. erichsonii</emphasis>
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Rosenhauer
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05D0EA96FFD03A7CFF2169E8F559F9D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD03A7CFF2169E8F559F9D3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1009,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFF2169E8F10DFBFC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1009,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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(based on Leschen and Beutel 2010). Total length
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<quantity id="8A3214F8FFD03A7CFCC169E8F40FFBFF" box="[887,1056,1009,1033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.145" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.145" valueMax="3.04" valueMin="1.25">1.25–3.04 mm</quantity>
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. Body elongate, dorsally slightly convex and ventrally flattened. Surface glabrous with vestiture of erect, suberect, or decumbent setae; foveae on head (between the antennal insertion and the eye, see
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD03A7CFCB66E23F412FBA7" author="Lawrence" box="[768,1085,1081,1105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence and Hlavac 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), pronotum, and ventrites (figs 24–28), lacking tubercles or well-developed ridges; punctation consisting of large macropunctures dorsally (figs 22, 23, 31, 33) and smaller micropunctures dorsally and ventrally; surfaces with microsculpture (mostly apparent in dissections using compound microscope, see fig 33). Color variable. Head slightly declined and not srongly prognathous, not abruptly constricted to form a neck; temples, transverse occipital ridge and stridulatory files absent. Antennal insertions more or less exposed in dorsal view; antennal grooves absent. Compound eyes finely facetted; interfacetal setae present; two ocelli present (absent in some species). Mandible bidentate without well-developed mola and prostheca. Corporotentorium without median process. Prothorax quadrate to transverse. Pronotum with lateral carinae complete, weakly to strongly explanate, with or without a distinct bead and not dentate along entire margin. Procoxal cavities open. Protrochantin exposed with cavities strongly transverse and externally open, but narrowly so by acute hypomeral processes. Elytra with 10 punctate rows or striae, plus scutellary striole; suture not deflected at apex; epipleuron present in apical third (ending at level of metaventrite). Mesoventrite with paired procoxal rests (fig 24). Mesocoxae conical. Tibial apices with an apical comb of spines; tarsomeres 1–3 lobed below. Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 connate (fig 28), lateral pores and canals present. Ovipositor short with short styli.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05D0EA96FFD03A7DFF736C28F3EBF8F2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD03A7CFF736C28F3F1F967" blockId="2.[151,1437,1009,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFF736C28F162F9BC" bold="true" box="[197,333,1585,1610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Comments.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFE676C28F265F9BF" box="[465,586,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFE676C28F265F9BF" box="[465,586,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Laricobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other members of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFBF86C28F4C9F9BF" box="[1102,1254,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Derodontidae</taxonomicName>
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by the vestiture of long setae, lobed tarsomeres, open procoxal cavities, presence of a scutellary striole and 10 rows of punctures on the eyltra. A key to the genera is provided in
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD03A7CFD276C63F3F5F967" author="Lawrence" box="[657,986,1657,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence and Hlavac (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD03A7CFF736C87F0E0F823" blockId="2.[151,1437,1009,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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A few characters in Leschen and Beutel (2010) require updating as follows. Ocelli, which are a diagnostic feature of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFF5B6CD8F1A7F92F" box="[237,392,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Derodontidae</taxonomicName>
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, have recently been recorded as absent in a few species of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFB8F6CD8F49CF92F" box="[1081,1203,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFB8F6CD8F49CF92F" box="[1081,1203,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Laricobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD03A7CFB726CD8F0FEF90B" author="Montgomery" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Montgomery, M. E., Shiyake, S., Havill, N. & Leschen, R. A. B. (2011) A New Species of Laricobius (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) from Japan with Phylogeny and a Key for Native and Introduced Congeners in North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104, 389 - 401." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Montgomery
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFAD76CDBF5B3F92F" box="[1377,1436,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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; see also C10, below in cladistic analysis).
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD03A7CFD056CFFF37DF90B" author="Franz" box="[691,850,1765,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Franz, J. M. (1958 b) Studies on Laricobius erichsonii Rosenh. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): a predator on chermesids. Part II, External anatomy. Entomophaga, 3, 165 - 196." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="b">Franz (1958b)</bibRefCitation>
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referred to the ocelli of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFBE96CFCF4F7F90B" box="[1119,1240,1765,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFBE96CFCF4F7F90B" box="[1119,1240,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Laricobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as “dorsal lobes” because they did not have a sense organ visible in serial sections. True ocelli are confirmed by the innervation of the optic nerve with the ocellus which was been demonstrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD03A7CFC106D34F4CDF8B3" author="Leschen" box="[934,1250,1837,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Leschen, R. A. B. & Beutel, R. G. (2004) Ocellar Atavism In Coleoptera: Plesiomorphy or Apomorphy? Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42, 63 - 69." type="journal article" year="2004">Leschen and Beutel (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFAAF6D34F0D0F89F" authority="LeConte." authorityName="LeConte." class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Derodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD03A7CFAAF6D34F5B3F8B3" box="[1305,1436,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Derodontus</emphasis>
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LeConte.
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</taxonomicName>
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The mesoventrite has paired procoxal rests (not absent, as stated in Leschen and Beutel 2010). The ostium of the ejaculatory duct in the male genitalia of all derodontids is large and striate (figs 29, 30), and the distribution of this character in
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD03A7CFE636D80F27FF847" box="[469,592,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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is unknown, though it does not appear in Cucujiformia which I have examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD13A7DFF736A8EF0CAFD72" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Cuticular features of adult derodontids and their potential function as chemical defense organs were discussed by
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFF0D6AA4F229FF22" author="Lawrence" box="[187,518,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence and Hlavac (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFDA46AA5F2A4FF22" box="[530,651,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFDA46AA5F2A4FF22" box="[530,651,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a range of cuticular features that include microsculpture (fig 33), micropunctures, macropunctures (figs 21–23, 31–33), and foveae (or pits; figs 24–27, 29). The difference between foveae and macropunctures is one of comparable size and depth of penetration of the integument and while micropunctures have a limited depth, I restrict the term foveae to those deeper invaginations at the four corners of the pronotum (seen more clearly in lateral view), on the ventrites and pleura, and the postantennal region of the head (see
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFF7D6B69F22EFE71" author="Lawrence" box="[203,513,367,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence and Hlavac 1979</bibRefCitation>
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). Usually, these larger invaginations have white secretions, and in the postantennal fovea there are setae (see fig 6 of
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFDA06B8CF360FE5A" author="Lawrence" box="[534,847,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence and Hlavac 1979</bibRefCitation>
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). The macropunctures of the elytra have been called “window punctures,” by
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFE056BA1F2D3FE39" author="Lawrence" box="[435,764,439,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence and Hlavac (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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and these do not appear to have the annulation or multiple rings as seen in other foveae (compare figs 24 and 33).
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<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFD4B6BC4F3B3FE02" author="Franz" box="[765,924,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Franz, J. M. (1958 b) Studies on Laricobius erichsonii Rosenh. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): a predator on chermesids. Part II, External anatomy. Entomophaga, 3, 165 - 196." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="b">Franz (1958b)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the arrangement of the macropunctures (= pits) on the head of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFE646818F24FFDEE" box="[466,608,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsonii">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFE646818F24FFDEE" box="[466,608,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. erichsonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and discovered that the number is variable and in remaining species these cephalic macropunctures may be connected by a weak to well-developed furrow, which may also vary within some species. By contrast, the foveature (number and position), though, is consistent among the material I have dissected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD13A7DFF736896F46FFCAA" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Various characters are critical for the identification of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC9D6889F38BFD5E" box="[811,932,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFC9D6889F38BFD5E" box="[811,932,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, and these are presented in the diagnoses and keys for each species. Coloration of the body and appendages is useful and in the diagnoses and cladistic analysis I have referred to color value (light or pale versus dark) while in the descriptions the color is detailed. Elytral striae of Asian species without an explanate pronotum tend to have several macropunctures posteriorly confluent, especially in striae rows 1–4 and/or the punctures are contained within deep grooves. Stria
|
||
<date id="39749FDDFFD13A7DFB576906F507FCCF" box="[1249,1320,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1 may</date>
|
||
also have punctures that are posteriorly confluent in species that have an explanate pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD13A7DFF73697EF0F0FB56" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Detailed life history studies and descriptions of immature stages exist for two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFB8D6971F49BFC76" box="[1083,1204,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFB8D6971F49BFC76" box="[1083,1204,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (i.e., Zilahi- Balogh
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFF476994F103FC52" box="[241,300,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006) and like other members of the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFC8A6995F447FC52" author="Lawrence" box="[828,1128,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence & Hlavac 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFBC06995F50FFC52" author="Crowson" box="[1142,1312,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Crowson, R. A. (1980) On amphipolar distribution patterns in some cool climate groups of Coleoptera. Entomologia Generalis, 6,281 - 292." type="book" year="1980">Crowson 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lawrence 1982; Leschen & Beutel 2009), larvae and adults occur together in the same habitat. The foremost work on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFAFE69A8F0E9FC1A" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFAFE69A8F0E9FC1A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
biology and morphology was done by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFD3369CCF331FC1A" author="Franz" box="[645,798,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Franz, J. M. (1958 a) Studies on Laricobius erichsonii Rosenh. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): a predator on chermesids. Part I, Distribution, life-history and ecology. Entomophaga, 3, 109 - 164." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Franz (1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFC9469CDF31EFC1A" author="Franz" box="[802,817,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Franz, J. M. (1958 b) Studies on Laricobius erichsonii Rosenh. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): a predator on chermesids. Part II, External anatomy. Entomophaga, 3, 165 - 196." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFCDA69CCF3D4FC1A" box="[876,1019,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFCDA69CCF3D4FC1A" box="[876,1019,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. erichsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and his studies should be consulted for a detailed account of the life history of this species. Predatory behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC4F69E1F45DFBE6" box="[1017,1138,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFC4F69E1F45DFBE6" box="[1017,1138,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thought to be derived in the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFEAD6E05F192FBC2" author="Leschen" box="[283,445,1052,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Leschen, R. A. B. (2000) Beetles feeding on bugs (Coleoptera, Hemiptera): repeated shifts from mycophagous ancestors. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 917 - 929." type="journal article" year="2000">Leschen 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from more primitive associations with fungi where the Holarctic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFB4B6E05F5AFFBC2" box="[1277,1408,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Derodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFB4B6E05F5AFFBC2" box="[1277,1408,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Derodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found on homobasidiomycte fungi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFD9B6E59F379FBAE" author="Lawrence" box="[557,854,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence & Hlavac 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFCD56E59F42BFBAE" author="Leschen" box="[867,1028,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Leschen, R. A. B. (1994) Fungal host use in two species of Derodontus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 48, 126 - 130." type="journal article" year="1994">Leschen 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFBA66E59F464FBAE" author="Leschen" box="[1040,1099,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Leschen, R. A. B. (2002) Chapter 66. Derodontidae LeConte 1861. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. & Frank, J. H. (Eds) American Beetles, Vo l um e 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 221 - 223." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFBEE6E59F4DAFBAE" author="Dodelin" box="[1112,1269,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Dodelin, B. (2004) Derodontus macularis Fuss: un Coleopteres mycetophage nouveau pour la faune de France (Derodontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 109, 499 - 505." type="journal article" year="2004">Dodelin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the south temperate genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFEE06E7DF2A7FB8A" authority="Crowson" authorityName="Crowson" box="[342,648,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Nothoderodontus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFEE06E7DF237FB8A" box="[342,536,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nothoderodontus</emphasis>
|
||
Crowson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC8D6E7DF39BFB8A" box="[827,948,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFC8D6E7DF39BFB8A" box="[827,948,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is associated with sooty molds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFA9D6E7DF0FCFB56" author="Lawrence" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. (1985) The genus Nothoderodontus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) with new species from Australia, New Zealand and Chile, In: Ball, G. E. (Ed), Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of Beetles and Ants. W. Junk, Dordrecht, pp. 68 - 83." type="book chapter" year="1985">Lawrence 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD13A7DFF736EB4F3E1FB1E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Larvae have been described and keyed by several authors (Franz 1958;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFBBA6EB5F48AFB32" author="Fukuda" box="[1036,1189,1196,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fukuda, A. (1963) Studies on the larva of Peltastica reitteri Lewis with comments on the classification of Derodontidae based on larval characters (Coleoptera, Derodontidae). Kontyu, 31, 189 - 193." type="journal article" year="1963">Fukuda 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB026EB4F0FDFB1E" author="Lawrence" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence & Hlavac 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFF6B6EC8F1A1FB1E" author="Lawrence" box="[221,398,1232,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. (1991) Derodontidae (including Laricobiidae, Peltasticidae). In: Stehr, F. W. (Ed), Immature Insects, Vol. 2. Kendall-Hunt, Dubuque, pp. 431 - 432." type="book" year="1991">Lawrence 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFE2F6EC8F2B7FB1E" author="Lawrence" box="[409,664,1232,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F., Hastings, A. M., Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T. A. & Zurcher, E. J. (1999 b) Beetles of the World: A Key and Information System for Families and Subfamilies. CD-ROM, Version 1.0 for MS-Windows. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne." type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Lawrence
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFDB96EC8F268FB1E" box="[527,583,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFD156EC9F3EDFB1E" author="Zilahi-Balogh" box="[675,962,1232,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Zilahi-Balogh, G. M. G., Humble, L. M., Kok, L. T. & Salom, S. M. (2006) Morphology of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock wooly adelgid. The Canadian Entomologist, 138, 595 - 601." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Zilahi-Balogh
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFCF16EC8F350FB1E" box="[839,895,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD13A7DFF736EEDF171FA36" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The classification and phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFCBB6EEDF387FAFA" box="[781,936,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Derodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and within it, were summarized by Leschen and Beutel (2010). The family was removed from Bostrichiformia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFC326F01F481FAC6" author="Lawrence" box="[900,1198,1304,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Newton, A. F. (1995) Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names). In: Pakaluk, J. & Slipinski, S. A. (Eds), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80 th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Muzeum Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, pp. 779 - 1006." type="book chapter" year="1995">Lawrence & Newton 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is now included in Derodontiformia Lawrence
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFE456F24F201FAA2" box="[499,558,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010) along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFCB86F25F397FAA2" box="[782,952,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Nosodendridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nosodendridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC456F25F4BBFAA2" box="[1011,1172,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Jacobsoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Jacobsoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larval and adult morphology suggests that derodontids may be the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFCF46F79F3C4FA8E" box="[834,1003,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Nosodendridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nosodendridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFC4C6F79F4A8FA8E" author="Beutel" box="[1018,1159,1376,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Beutel, R. G. (1996) Study of the larva of Nosodendron fasciculare (Olivier 1790) (Coleoptera, Nosodendridae) with implications for the phylogeny of Bostrichiformia. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 34, 121 - 134." type="journal article" year="1996">Beutel 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB246F79F51AFA8E" author="Ge" box="[1170,1333,1376,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ge, S. - Q., Beutel, R. G. & Yang, X. - K. (2007) Thoracic morphology of adults of Derodontidae and Nosodendridae and its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera). Systematic Entomology, 32, 635 - 667." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ge
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFB0C6F78F4DCFA8E" box="[1210,1267,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this is an open question as phylogenetic results are mixed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFD426F9DF3F9FA6A" author="Caterino" box="[756,982,1412,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Caterino, M. S., Shull, V. L., Hammond, P. M. & Vogler, A. P. (2002) Basal relationships of Coleoptera inferred from 18 S rDNA sequences. Zoologica Scripta, 31, 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Caterino
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFCEB6F9CF3BAFA6A" box="[861,917,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFC576F9DF4C2FA6A" author="Beutel" box="[993,1261,1412,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Beutel, R. G. & Leschen, R. A. B. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults. Systematic Entomology 30, 510 - 548." type="journal article" year="2005">Beutel & Leschen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB416F9DF5B7FA6A" author="Ge" box="[1271,1432,1412,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ge, S. - Q., Beutel, R. G. & Yang, X. - K. (2007) Thoracic morphology of adults of Derodontidae and Nosodendridae and its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera). Systematic Entomology, 32, 635 - 667." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ge
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFAA86F9CF579FA6A" box="[1310,1366,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFF216FB0F17DFA36" author="Hunt" box="[151,338,1448,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Hunt, T., Bergsten, J., Levkanicova, Z., Papadopoulou, A., St. John, O., Wild, R., Hammond, P. M., Ahrens, D., Balke, M., Caterino, M. S., Gomez-Zurita, J., Ribera, I., Barraclough, T. G., Bocakova, M., Bocak, L. & Vogler, A. P. (2007) A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation. Science, 318, 1913 - 1916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Hunt
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFF606FB0F121FA36" box="[214,270,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D75B91DFFD13A7DFF736FD5F3EBF8F2" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Though only four genera, there are three subfamilies in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC8B6FD5F3F5FA12" box="[829,986,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Derodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC536FD5F45CFA12" box="[997,1139,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Peltasticinae">Peltasticinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
LeConte contains the single genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFEBA6FE9F239F9FE" authority="Mannerheim" authorityName="Mannerheim" box="[268,534,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Peltastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFEBA6FE9F153F9FE" box="[268,380,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peltastica</emphasis>
|
||
Mannerheim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFD956FE9F294F9FE" box="[547,699,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Derodontinae">Derodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
LeConte contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC246FE9F43AF9FE" box="[914,1045,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Derodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFC246FE9F43AF9FE" box="[914,1045,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Derodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFBE06FE9F4CBF9FE" box="[1110,1252,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laricobiinae">Laricobiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mulsant & Rey contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFF4C6C0DF15CF9DA" box="[250,371,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFF4C6C0DF15CF9DA" box="[250,371,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFE1F6C0DF245F9DA" box="[425,618,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Nothoderodontus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFE1F6C0DF245F9DA" box="[425,618,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nothoderodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Relationships among the genera have been proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB5E6C0DF5B7F9DA" author="Crowson" box="[1256,1432,1556,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Crowson, R. A. (1959) Studies on the Dermestoidea (Coleoptera), with special reference to the New Zealand fauna. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 111, 81 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">Crowson (1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFF216C21F0FCF9A6" author="Crowson" box="[151,211,1592,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Crowson, R. A. (1980) On amphipolar distribution patterns in some cool climate groups of Coleoptera. Entomologia Generalis, 6,281 - 292." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFF536C21F1A3F9A6" author="Fukuda" box="[229,396,1592,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fukuda, A. (1963) Studies on the larva of Peltastica reitteri Lewis with comments on the classification of Derodontidae based on larval characters (Coleoptera, Derodontidae). Kontyu, 31, 189 - 193." type="journal article" year="1963">Fukuda (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFE716C20F2D4F9A6" author="Lawrence" box="[455,763,1592,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence & Hlavac (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on larval characters,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB8E6C21F4F2F9A6" author="Fukuda" box="[1080,1245,1592,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fukuda, A. (1963) Studies on the larva of Peltastica reitteri Lewis with comments on the classification of Derodontidae based on larval characters (Coleoptera, Derodontidae). Kontyu, 31, 189 - 193." type="journal article" year="1963">Fukuda (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divided the family into the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFEA06C45F1A0F982" box="[278,399,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFEA06C45F1A0F982" box="[278,399,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFE736C45F267F982" box="[453,584,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Derodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFE736C45F267F982" box="[453,584,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Derodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups, the latter consisting of
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFC1F6C45F40EF982" box="[937,1057,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pelatistica</emphasis>
|
||
and a clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFA866C45F097F96E" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Derodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFA866C45F097F96E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Derodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFF426C99F19AF96E" box="[244,437,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Nothoderodontus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFF426C99F19AF96E" box="[244,437,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nothoderodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largely in agreement with Crowson (1955, 1959; but see 1981).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB026C99F0CEF94A" author="Lawrence" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lawrence, J. F. & Hlavac, T. (1979) Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with new species from North America and Chile. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 33, 369 - 414." type="journal article" year="1979">Lawrence & Hlavac (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFE8A6CBDF183F94A" box="[316,428,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Peltastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFE8A6CBDF183F94A" box="[316,428,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peltastica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the base of their two preferred trees, with uncertain relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFAA46CBDF5BAF94A" box="[1298,1429,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Derodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFAA46CBDF5BAF94A" box="[1298,1429,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Derodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFF216CD1F13FF916" box="[151,272,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Laricobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFF216CD1F13FF916" box="[151,272,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Laricobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFEFB6CD1F221F916" box="[333,526,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Nothoderodontus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFEFB6CD1F221F916" box="[333,526,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nothoderodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the recent cladistic analysis using adult and larval characters,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="295BC4ECFFD13A7DFB5D6CDEF5B3F929" box="[1259,1436,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ge, S. - Q., Beutel, R. G. & Yang, X. - K. (2007) Thoracic morphology of adults of Derodontidae and Nosodendridae and its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera). Systematic Entomology, 32, 635 - 667." type="journal article">
|
||
Ge
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFAA56CD0F564F916" box="[1299,1355,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFE926CF5F1BBF8F2" box="[292,404,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" genus="Peltastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FBE650FFFD13A7DFE926CF5F1BBF8F2" box="[292,404,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peltastica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister taxon to the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACAC29EFFD13A7DFC926CF5F3EFF8F2" box="[804,960,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Derodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Derodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |