309 lines
78 KiB
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309 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="A5B8BBF517501D3B072C335ABC794875" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2021.80.11" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12214065" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718998131000" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="McSweeney, Fearghus R., Shimeta, Jeff & Buckeridge, John St J. S." docDate="2021" docId="C5534B42FF91842EFCDDDAF2FC17E4EB" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.80.193-205.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 80" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2021.80.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Salopella caespitosa Tims and Chambers 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="396A333AFF928429FFECDF11FFF9E560" masterDocTitle="Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella" masterLastPageNumber="205" masterPageNumber="193" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1719014785539" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D9853DC7D1396806FB846A2ADCC443FB">Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="189A0561A43E4DBFA677FD1AFF720C31">Shimeta, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8DBA9F6C73313B9C1A6315F419D9F59">Buckeridge, John St J. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6F043EF2587CC769CD649E9A6CC2E366">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="05E0A9DFFF91842AFCDDDAF2FBC7E376" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF91842AFCDDDAF2FBC7E376" blockId="3.[817,1447,1507,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
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<heading id="160D4D38FF91842AFCDDDAF2FBC7E376" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF91842AFCDDDAF2FBC7E376" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
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<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF91842AFCDDDAF2FAC5E099" authority="Tims and Chambers, 1984" authorityName="Tims and Chambers" authorityYear="1984" box="[817,1340,1507,1529]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="caespitosa">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF91842AFCDDDAF2FBF2E099" bold="true" box="[817,1035,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Salopella caespitosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF91842AFBF9DAF2FAC5E099" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[1045,1340,1507,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF91842AFAA0DAF2FA5EE099" box="[1356,1447,1507,1529]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">fig 3A–I</figureCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="924144F6FF91842AFCD4D911FC6EE376" box="[824,919,1536,1558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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) and
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<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF91842AFC3FD910FBCEE376" box="[979,1079,1536,1559]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">fig. 4A–E</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05E0A9DFFF91842EFCBBD93DFC17E4EB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF91842AFCBBD93DFC0BE33A" blockId="3.[817,1447,1580,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF91842AFCBBD93DFC57E35F" box="[855,942,1580,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="FD92F009FF91842AFC58D93DFB44E35F" box="[948,1213,1580,1599]" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="P50016" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF91842AFC58D93DFC13E35F" box="[948,1002,1580,1599]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="1D5C522FFF91842AFC03D93DFBCBE35F" box="[1007,1074,1580,1599]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">P50016</specimenCode>
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(
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<typeStatus id="924144F6FF91842AFBD2D93DFB69E35F" box="[1086,1168,1580,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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) and
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="FD92F009FF91842AFB2ED93DFC17E33A" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="P235941" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF91842AFB2ED93DFB01E35F" box="[1218,1272,1580,1599]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="1D5C522FFF91842AFB11D93DFAB2E35F" box="[1277,1355,1580,1599]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">P235941</specimenCode>
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both with part and counterpart
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF91842AFCDDD960FC2BE20E" blockId="3.[817,1448,1649,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
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The circumscription of
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<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF91842AFBC5D960FAF9E3E6" authorityName="Tims and Chambers" authorityYear="1984" box="[1065,1280,1649,1670]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="caespitosa">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF91842AFBC5D960FAF9E3E6" box="[1065,1280,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Salopella caespitosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on a single specimen with its counterpart from the Wilson Creek Shale Formation on Frenchmans Spur Track approximately
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<quantity id="8A0257B1FF91842AFA63D9BAFCABE3BE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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west of Matlock in central
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<collectingRegion id="8F3E34B6FF91842AFB6ED9D9FB21E3BE" box="[1154,1240,1736,1758]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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. No new data have been added on this taxon since its inception. The discovery of a new specimen from the base of the Humevale Formation on Ghin Ghin Road near Yea preserved in semi-relief contributes information on its dimensions, gross morphology and temporal range.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1985AADCFF96842DFF66D916FDB1E20E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12214069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214069/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" startId="4.[138,198,1543,1562]" targetBox="[280,1295,227,1526]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF96842DFF66D916FDB1E20E" blockId="4.[137,1439,1543,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF96842DFF0FD916FE6BE37A" authorityName="Tims and Chambers" authorityYear="1984" box="[227,402,1543,1562]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF96842DFF0FD916FE6BE37A" box="[227,402,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Salopella australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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displaying parallel parent axes dichotomising into much shorter daughter axes that are terminated with elongate sporangia, delineated with a constriction just above dark sporogeneous region. All from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock.A, erect parent axes parallel to each other, dichotomising into two elongate sporangia from Wilson Creek Shale. Re-photographed here; originally published in
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<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF96842DFE7CD944FD7DE309" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[400,644,1621,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 32, fig. 4) and
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<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF96842DFCC6D944FC6DE309" author="Tims, J. D." box="[810,916,1621,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" refId="ref11502" refString="Tims, J. D. 1980. The early land flora of Victoria. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 233 pp." type="book" year="1980">Tims (1980</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4.1.9). Specimen NMV P50014. B, forked dichotomy terminated by sporangia from Wilson Creek Shale. And to the right hand side of the forked axis is another long axis, which based on its orientation may also be part of the same plant. Constriction at arrow, lower arrow at dichotomy and double arrow at two aligned axes. Specimen NMV P33219. C, close-up of fructification in A, sporangia barely extend beyond the confines of their subtending axes, with slight constriction present above sporogeneous region (at arrow). Specimen NMV P50014. D, E, holotype, part and counterpart. On part, constriction at arrow in sporangium. On counterpart, both parent axes are parallel to each other (at dotted arrow). Re-photographed here, originally published in
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<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF96842DFA9CD9C9FEB1E265" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." pageId="4" pageNumber="197" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 32, figs. 1, 2). Specimens NMV P50008.1 and NMV P50008.2, respectively. F, Gen. et sp. indet. – short daughter axes terminated in elongate sporangia. The cortex may be absent from subtending axes, with only the central line visible. The lack of cortex prevents assigning to
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<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF96842DFEEFD836FE94E259" authorityName="Tims and Chambers" authorityYear="1984" box="[259,365,1830,1850]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF96842DFEEFD836FE94E259" box="[259,365,1830,1850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">S. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as width of subtending axis to sporangial width is required. Originally photographed by
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<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF96842DFB2CD837FAD4E25A" author="Tims, J. D." box="[1216,1325,1830,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" refId="ref11502" refString="Tims, J. D. 1980. The early land flora of Victoria. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 233 pp." type="book" year="1980">Tims (1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 4.1.13). Specimen NMV P50010.2. G,
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<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF96842DFE73D850FDFFE234" authorityName="Tims and Chambers" authorityYear="1984" box="[415,518,1857,1876]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF96842DFE73D850FDFFE234" box="[415,518,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">S. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with two short daughter axes, with constriction at arrow of the sporangium, which is the same width as its subtending axis. Specimen NMV P202886.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF97842CFF7FDFF7FDEAE14D" blockId="5.[145,780,229,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
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<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF97842CFF7FDFF7FEF2E59B" box="[147,267,230,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Description</emphasis>
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. The new specimen’s length is
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<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFDD1DFF4FD74E59B" box="[573,653,229,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
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and consists of two synchronous dichotomies with longer than wide sporangia terminating each axis. The naked slender axes are
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFF7FDE2CFEF3E432" box="[147,266,317,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with the axial width decreasing equally after each dichotomy. The first dichotomy occurs c.
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFD8ADE4BFD54E410" box="[614,685,346,368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the base of the fossil and c.
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFE6DDE66FE3FE4ED" box="[385,454,375,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the second dichotomy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFD06DE66FF48E4CA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
at lower arrow). The subtending axes to the sporangia are 0.9–1.0 mm wide and
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFE7ADEA3FDF2E4A7" box="[406,523,434,456]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
high with some slight variation in the width along all four axes and a slight narrower evident beneath sporangia three and four (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFDC3DEFDFD88E761" box="[559,625,492,514]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
, the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFD85DD1BFD5AE77F" box="[617,675,522,543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the sporangium). The sporangia are fusiform 1.5–2.0 mm wide and 4.8–6.0 mm high with the subtending axis slightly widening into the base of each sporangium. The widest part of the sporangia occurs in the lowest quarter length, followed by a gentle tapering to rounded sporangial tips.
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFDADDD8DFDAAE7D1" box="[577,595,668,689]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
sporangial wall is evident primarily but is not confined to the basal parts of the sporangia measuring
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFE81DDC7FE11E78C" box="[365,488,726,748]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and is continuous with the subtending axes. Sporangia two, three on the part and four on the counterpart possess what appears to be an infilled oval presumed sporogenous area, which are no greater than
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFD52DC3FFCF3E623" box="[702,778,814,835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFF10DC5AFEB5E600" box="[252,332,843,865]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Sporangium four on the counterpart shows a fine linear cavity
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFE4FDC79FE04E61E" box="[419,509,872,894]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide entering the base of the sporogenous area and sporangium three on the part shows similar but larger opening beneath the sporogenous area, and beneath this is a fine central axis
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFDF4DCD1FD92E6B5" box="[536,619,960,981]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; beneath sporangium two on the subtending axis, this axis is
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFD56DCCCFCF3E693" box="[698,778,989,1011]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.Sporangium two (part) upper half possesses longitudinally oblique striations,
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFEA7DB06FE2AE14D" box="[331,467,1047,1069]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.32999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF97842CFF7FDB55FAD8E77D" blockId="5.[146,780,1092,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[816,1450,229,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF97842CFF7FDB55FF12E139" box="[147,235,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Comparison to
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFE52DB55FDE0E13A" box="[446,537,1092,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The new specimen measures
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFF14DB70FEB9E117" box="[248,320,1121,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
longer than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFE08DB70FDC5E117" box="[484,572,1121,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFDA5DB70FD82E116" box="[585,635,1121,1143]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and its axial width is broadly in range with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFE13DB6FFDA0E1F4" box="[511,601,1150,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which measures
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFF7FDB8DFEF4E1D1" box="[147,269,1180,1201]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFE0FDB8DFCFEE1D1" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[483,775,1180,1202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. What appears to be the widening of the parent axis in the specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFEECDBC7FEBDE18B" box="[256,324,1238,1260]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is where the first dichotomy occurs, with the two daughter axes aligned for
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFE25DBE2FDE8E069" box="[457,529,1267,1289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
before diverging for the remaining
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFEE6DA01FEB4E046" box="[266,333,1296,1318]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
before the second dichotomy. From the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFF7FDA3FFF14E024" box="[147,237,1326,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the best examples of branching to compare to the specimen were found on the part specimen (right-hand side) with isotomous dichotomies subtending sporangia one–seven (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFF76DA94FF18E0FB" box="[154,225,1413,1435]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFF00DA94FECDE0FB" box="[236,308,1413,1435]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[149,209,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,1158,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-588@9.[147,1447,1154,1760]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Line-drawings of Victorian early land plants with longer than wider sporangia. A, Salopella australis from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P50014.B, Gen. et sp. indet. from Limestone Road, Yea. Originally placed in S. australis but branching architecture clearly differs. Specimen NMV P157323. C, Salopella laidae sp. nov. from Limestone Road, Yea. NMV P50011. D, Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P202987. E, Salopella caespitosa from Ghin Ghin Road, Yea. Specimen NMV P235941." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximally on the axes ultimately terminate in sporangia one–seven show the axes emanating from a horizontal axis. This horizontal axis may represent part of a rhizomatous system or a distorted axis.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFDDBDACCFF2AE36F" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
appear to have considered this a dichotomy because no other part of the fossil would give three dichotomies. However, it is equivocal as to whether it is a distorted axis with a dichotomy. Nonetheless, the axes of the new specimen examined are noticeably less flexuous than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFD69D97EFD19E3E5" box="[645,736,1647,1669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; for example, on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFED2D99DFE6FE3C2" box="[318,406,1676,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
axes leading to sporangia eight and nine showing changes in orientation of about 45° in conjunction with the daughter axes of dichotomies occurring at 10° and 45°. These differences possibly represent differences in both current strength during deposition and the level of degradation of each of the plants. There is a noticeable variation in the distance between the ultimate branching points and sporangia in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFF7FD848FF14E20F" box="[147,237,1881,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, from c.
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFEAAD848FE78E20E" box="[326,385,1881,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
as seen in sporangium 12, to c.
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFD2FD848FCF3E20E" box="[707,778,1881,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
for sporangium seven, and up to at least
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFB2EDFF4FAF1E59B" box="[1218,1288,229,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
|
||
for sporangium eight, where the presumed branching point is not visible. The axes decreased after each dichotomy, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFAABDE0EFC27E431" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but with the specimen examined herein there is a much greater decrease in axial width after the first dichotomy. Examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFB6EDE67FB23E4EC" box="[1154,1242,374,396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
did reveal a slight narrowing in the subtending axes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFB71DE82FAFBE4C8" box="[1181,1282,403,425]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) of most of the sporangia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFC4FDEA1FB4AE4A5" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[931,1203,432,454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 34,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFAE4DEA1FAC4E4A5" box="[1288,1341,432,454]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); this was observed beneath two of the sporangia on the specimen, but in both cases may be artefacts of preservation, and more specimens are required to confirm this character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF97842CFCBBDD35FBFAE005" blockId="5.[816,1450,229,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
The size range of the sporangia in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFB1FDD35FAB7E75A" box="[1267,1358,548,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 3.2–6.0 mm high and 1.3–2.0 mm wide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFB64DD50FA65E736" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[1160,1436,577,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is similar to the specimen examined herein, and both have a comparable average height to width ratio of 2.6 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFAD8DD6AFC32E7CD" author="Morris, J. L. & Edwards, D." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="28 - 54" refId="ref11120" refString="Morris, J. L., and Edwards, D. 2014. An analysis of vegetational change in the Lower Devonian: new data from the Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderland, U. K. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 211: 28 - 54." type="journal article" year="2014">Morris and Edwards, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 3) for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFB97DD89FB2DE7CE" box="[1147,1236,664,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 3.2 herein. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFCDDDDA4FC73E7AB" box="[817,906,693,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
shows slight variation in the location of the widest point of the sporangia, occurring either in the lowest quarter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFCD6DDFEFC78E664" box="[826,897,751,773]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
), like with
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFC13DDFEFBC2E664" box="[1023,1083,751,772]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFBA9DDFEFBAAE665" box="[1093,1107,751,773]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
235941 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFB42DDFEFB0EE664" box="[1198,1271,751,773]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) or midway (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFA65DDFEFCA8E641" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The minor difference is possibly accounted for by the different types of preservation. The specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFAFBDC38FAAAE65E" box="[1303,1363,809,830]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFAB0DC38FA93E65F" box="[1372,1386,809,831]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
23591 shows these sporangial bodies in semi-relief and indicate they were not flattened bodies. Furthermore, examination of sporangia of the specimen revealed an oval presumed sporogenous region in the basal part of the sporangia, which is also present on sporangium 13 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFB04DCABFAB8E6B0" box="[1256,1345,954,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFABFDCABFA67E6AF" box="[1363,1438,954,976]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFCDDDCC6FBA8E68C" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[817,1105,983,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 33,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFB42DCC6FAFCE68C" box="[1198,1285,983,1005]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionStartId-1="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox-0="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetBox-1="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId-1="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." captionText-1="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
) noted that on sporangium 13 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFBC5DCE5FB7BE16A" box="[1065,1154,1012,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
it may either be a double sporangium or dissociation of the sporangial wall giving the appearance of a double sporangium. The evidence of a sporogenous area basally and relatively thick sporangial walls from the specimen examined herein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFB42DB79FB0BE11D" box="[1198,1266,1128,1150]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) suggests either a crushed sporangium or stage of senescence pertaining to dehiscence. Furthermore, some of the sporangia in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFCDDDBAFFC73E1B4" box="[817,906,1214,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
have a darkened presumed sporogenous area completely filling insides of the sporangia (fig. D–
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFAAADBCDFAACE191" box="[1350,1365,1244,1265]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||
), which may have resulted from the breakdown of the wall holding the sporogenous area prior to fossilisation, as the sporogenous area occurs as a basal oval body on all sporangia of the specimen examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF97842CFCBBDA7DFB7DE30A" blockId="5.[816,1450,229,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFCBBDA7DFB8FE0E1" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[855,1142,1388,1410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 33,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFB3DDA7DFAF1E0E1" box="[1233,1288,1388,1410]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) found central lines of
|
||
<quantity id="8A0257B1FF97842CFC60DA98FC27E0FF" box="[908,990,1417,1439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter throughout the specimen, one of which was beneath sporangium 13. On the specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFA80DAB6FA51E0DC" box="[1388,1448,1447,1468]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFCDDDAD2FCC6E0B9" box="[817,831,1475,1497]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
235941, the central line was found to connect to base of the sporogenous region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFBE1DAF1FB8CE095" box="[1037,1141,1504,1526]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,205,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,538,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[147,1447,538,1682]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil’s Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214073/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFB38DAF1FC8BE372" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had postulated.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFBF5DAECFAD4E372" author="Tims, J. D. & Chambers, T. C." box="[1049,1325,1533,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="265 - 279" refId="ref11532" refString="Tims, J. D., and Chambers, T. C. 1984. Rhyniophytina and Trimerophytina from the early land flora of Victoria, Australia. Palaeontology 27 (2): 265 - 279." type="journal article" year="1984">Tims and Chambers (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted some axes of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="924144F6FF97842CFC58D90BFBF4E350" box="[948,1037,1562,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to dichotomise (c. 6.0 mm) relatively close to the base of the sporangia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5C1E6D1FF97842CFB7BD926FB27E32C" box="[1175,1246,1591,1613]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[139,199,1517,1536]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[294,1285,227,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12214071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); however, this was not the case with
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFC08D944FBD9E30A" box="[996,1056,1621,1642]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="2BEB6291FF97842CFBCAD945FBCDE30A" box="[1062,1076,1620,1642]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
235941.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D45FA54FF97842EFCBBD960FC17E4EB" blockId="5.[816,1450,229,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[817,1448,229,395]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
The presence of longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of sporangium two may reflect cell orientation and possible twisting as a means of dehiscence. Obliquely orientated cells in the sporangia have been recorded for some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF97842CFB33D9D9FAC1E3BD" authorityName="Edwards and Richardson" authorityYear="1974" box="[1247,1336,1736,1757]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="allenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF97842CFB33D9D9FAC1E3BD" box="[1247,1336,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">S. allenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and absent for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF97842CFCBBD9F4FC23E39B" box="[855,986,1765,1787]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Salopella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Langiophytales" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="marcensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF97842CFCBBD9F4FC23E39B" box="[855,986,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">S. marcensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFC06D9F4FB39E39A" author="Fanning, U. & Edwards, D. & Richardson, J. B." box="[1002,1216,1765,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="161 - 188" refId="ref10053" refString="Fanning, U., Edwards, D., and Richardson, J. B. 1992. A diverse assemblage of early land plants from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 109: 161 - 188." type="journal article" year="1992">Fanning et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFB21D9F4FC9AE277" author="Morris, J. L. & Edwards, D." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="28 - 54" refId="ref11120" refString="Morris, J. L., and Edwards, D. 2014. An analysis of vegetational change in the Lower Devonian: new data from the Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderland, U. K. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 211: 28 - 54." type="journal article" year="2014">Morris and Edwards, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and throughout the entire sporangia and subtending axes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF97842CFCA0D80EFB55E254" authority="(Edwards et al., 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[844,1196,1823,1845]" class="Jungermanniopsida" genus="Tortilicaulis" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F8E2646FF97842CFCA0D80EFC3EE254" box="[844,967,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Tortilicaulis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF97842CFC39D80EFB5CE254" author="Edwards, D. & Fanning, U. & Richardson, J. B." box="[981,1189,1823,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="89 - 110" refId="ref9626" refString="Edwards, D., Fanning, U., and Richardson, J. B. 1994. Lower Devonian coalified sporangia from Shropshire: Salopella Edwards & Richardson and Tortilicaulis Edwards. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 116: 89 - 110." type="journal article" year="1994">Edwards et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There was no indication of twisting found for the subtending axes of the specimens’ sporangia, suggesting it may only affect the upper part of the sporangia; however, this is conjectural. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF95842EFD77DFF4FEA2E477" author="Morris, J. L. & Edwards, D." pageId="7" pageNumber="200" pagination="28 - 54" refId="ref11120" refString="Morris, J. L., and Edwards, D. 2014. An analysis of vegetational change in the Lower Devonian: new data from the Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderland, U. K. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 211: 28 - 54." type="journal article" year="2014">Morris and Edwards (2014: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, sporangia containing spores are required for unequivocal identification and assessment of relationships. While the specimen described is three-dimensionally preserved, we believe erecting a new taxon to segregate it from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AFA81D7FF95842EFF51DE64FEC8E4EB" box="[189,305,373,395]" form="genus" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" rank="form">form genus</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be premature and we should wait for more data. The presence of this specimen at the base of the Humevale Formation potentially suggests a late Silurian age (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="296B87A5FF95842EFCD4DE0EFC24E454" author="Rickards, R. B." box="[824,989,287,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" pagination="207 - 209" refId="ref11386" refString="Rickards, R. B. 2000. The age of the earliest club mosses: the Silurian Baragwanathia flora in Victoria, Australia. Geological Magazine 137 (2): 207 - 209." type="journal article" year="2000">Rickards, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as outlined in the stratigraphy section, we suggest a Lower Devonian age range for specimens found at Ghin Ghin Road until unequivocal evidence of age becomes available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |