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<mods:title id="FAE4C197D5983D562C7B300631E3306D">First record of Harpellales, Orphellales (Kickxellomycotina) and Amoebidiales (Mesomycetozoea) from Bulgaria, including a new species of Glotzia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5255046DAD62F8F96E916AFD1463164D">Valle, Laia Guardia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3FA81AE91E4B036F03E6ACEE0F56D5F8">Unitat de Botanica, Dept. Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia. Fac. Biociences. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 08193 - Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB1755F2DE47D7FF4B9669B850B5F3A0">Stoianova, Desislava</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A949F8EC16D963545BC31BF92EB986B2">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="C4105CDC6BAA5F51A3DE1F1CD492D6F6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164363134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4105CDC6BAA5F51A3DE1F1CD492D6F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4105CDC6BAA5F51A3DE1F1CD492D6F6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" scope_order="Harpellales">
<subSubSection id="56EACA8508E5880363369C17BEC7F7BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FF36EBCCE49504B7C34B8A8B7DF6790B" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="F05E4363736F6BAAEE0FF2778C27AF64" ID-CoL="3FLF4" LSID="C4105CDC-6BAA-5F51-A3DE-1F1CD492D6F6" authority="Lichtw, 1972." authorityName="Lichtw" authorityYear="1972" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Genistellospora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Genistellospora homothallica" order="Harpellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="homothallica">Genistellospora homothallica Lichtw, 1972.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="6136A6919A4CCDBE034283FC551290B1" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Genistellospora homothallica and Simuliomyces microsporus from Simuliidae larvae. 1 Fertile branches of G. homothallica with terminal trichospores 2 fertile branches and trichospores of G. homothallica with an attached thallus of S. microsporus showing a trichospore (arrow) and conjugation tubes (arrowhead). Scale bars: 25 μm in all figures." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.67.52055.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/414539" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="172DC8DA17D2122F0CE33C8E298A4FBE" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Genistellospora homothallica and Simuliomyces microsporus from Simuliidae larvae. 1 Fertile branches of G. homothallica with terminal trichospores 2 fertile branches and trichospores of G. homothallica with an attached thallus of S. microsporus showing a trichospore (arrow) and conjugation tubes (arrowhead). Scale bars: 25 μm in all figures." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.67.52055.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/414539" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76441535BFF82E137E2D23675D0C90B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C8B0A4C6FDF5820E3D55A9A6C533C1F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060B678388999E143FB457C571677CE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Site 2: slides BUL-2-1, BUL-2-6, BUL-2-7 (zygo.), BUL-2-10; Site 3: slides BUL-3-1; site 4: slides BUL-4-10; Site 7: slides BUL-7-1, BUL-7-2, BUL-7-3; site 8: slides BUL-8-3; site 12: slide BUL-12-5.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8526F54667F7C84AAF6935AA9374E4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="notes">
<paragraph id="3EEC295E2A8F7261F679E7D91315E460" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C62DFFDC91967B4C58762B6FB659D8F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="3E8002317C129FADDB3536FDE14230CD" authorityName="Lichtw" authorityYear="1972" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Genistellospora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Genistellospora homothallica" order="Harpellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="homothallica">
<emphasis id="E5F8E67F3FDB0107EAC1147245AE1B1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Genistellospora homothallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species and its
<taxonomicName id="D30F78217CCEF08EB5D3D1E33957357A" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
hosts are widespread and common in varied environments (
<bibRefCitation id="949A972D6960910543095A83DA44E6A5" author="Lichtwardt, RW" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" refId="B26" refString="Lichtwardt, RW, Cafaro, MJ, White, MM, 2001. The trichomycetes, fungal associates of arthropods. Revised edition, published on the Internet. University of Kansas." title="The trichomycetes, fungal associates of arthropods. Revised edition, published on the Internet. University of Kansas." year="2001">Lichtwardt et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
), especially in fast flowing waters. This species has been previously documented from many countries in the Northern Hemisphere, including USA (
<bibRefCitation id="861EA5CF45E8165194DA055188DF1F41" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1972.12019247" author="Lichtwardt, RW" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="167 - 197" refId="B20" refString="Lichtwardt, RW, 1972. Undescribed genera and species of Harpellales (Trichomycetes) from the guts of aquatic insects. Mycologia 64: 167 - 197, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1972.12019247" title="Undescribed genera and species of Harpellales (Trichomycetes) from the guts of aquatic insects." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1972.12019247" volume="64" year="1972">Lichtwardt 1972</bibRefCitation>
), Canada (
<bibRefCitation id="3AA1120AA1CE426FCBC03D0F5DB3FB0F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/b76-251" author="Moss, ST" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="2346 - 2364" refId="B41" refString="Moss, ST, Lichtwardt, RW, 1976. Development of trichospores and their appendages in Genistellospora homothallica and other Harpellales and fine-structural evidence for the sporangial nature of trichospores. Canadian Journal of Botany 54: 2346 - 2364, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b76-251" title="Development of trichospores and their appendages in Genistellospora homothallica and other Harpellales and fine-structural evidence for the sporangial nature of trichospores." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/b76-251" volume="54" year="1976">Moss and Lichtwardt 1976</bibRefCitation>
), United Kingdom (
<bibRefCitation id="1602890A4B9AB675825A771C052D4D9D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4890-3" author="Lichtwardt, RW" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" refId="B23" refString="Lichtwardt, RW, 1986. The Trichomycetes: Fungal Associates of Arthropods. New York: Springer-Verlag, 343 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4890-3" title="The Trichomycetes: Fungal Associates of Arthropods. New York: Springer-Verlag, 343 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4890-3" year="1986">Lichtwardt 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Spain (
<bibRefCitation id="0B80B3DC9F1C2EA9E383E40FD76B3107" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297004607" author="Santamaria, S" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="174 - 178" refId="B48" refString="Santamaria, S, Girbal, J, 1998. Two new species of Orphella from Spain. Mycological Research 102: 174 - 178, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297004607" title="Two new species of Orphella from Spain." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297004607" volume="102" year="1998">Santamaria and Girbal 1998</bibRefCitation>
), France (
<bibRefCitation id="14794E1785AC6D128E4CB7F8BD5B24A9" author="Valle, LG" journalOrPublisher="Protist" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" publicationUrl="http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/3704" refId="B57" refString="Valle, LG, 2004. Tricomicets Iberics. PhD dissertation. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain. http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/3704" title="Tricomicets Iberics. PhD dissertation. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain." url="http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/3704" year="2004">Valle 2004</bibRefCitation>
), Italy (
<bibRefCitation id="AA3251EFB210EF5272E5C5A79B5D5E8A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-184" author="Valle, LG" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="712 - 727" refId="B67" refString="Valle, LG, Rossi, W, Santamaria, S, 2013. New species and new records of trichomycetes from Italy. Mycologia 105: 712 - 727, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/12-184" title="New species and new records of trichomycetes from Italy." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-184" volume="105" year="2013">Valle et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and Portugal (
<bibRefCitation id="FC87D1BAD0552FE8CF873B9DFBC8B72B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-211" author="Valle, LG" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="748 - 759" refId="B59" refString="Valle, LG, 2013a. New and rare Harpellales from Portugal and northwestern Iberian Peninsula: discovering the hidden mycobiota of Galicia-Tras-os-Montes region. Mycologia 105: 748 - 759, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/12-211" title="New and rare Harpellales from Portugal and northwestern Iberian Peninsula: discovering the hidden mycobiota of Galicia-Tras-os-Montes region." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-211" volume="105" year="2013 a">Valle 2013a</bibRefCitation>
). The species has also been recorded from Southern tropical regions, including Costa Rica (
<bibRefCitation id="2BC94E2868055C3084BDBC9ADDED14BD" author="Lichtwardt, RW" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="1339 - 1383" refId="B24" refString="Lichtwardt, RW, 1997. Costa Rican gut fungi (Trichomycetes) infecting lotic insect larvae. Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1339 - 1383" title="Costa Rican gut fungi (Trichomycetes) infecting lotic insect larvae." volume="45" year="1997">Lichtwardt 1997</bibRefCitation>
), Puerto Rico (
<bibRefCitation id="A02637CABD9179BBD082A0E4C0821FF5" author="White, MM" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="210 - 220" refId="B71" refString="White, MM, Cafaro, MJ, Lichtwardt, RW, 2000. Arthropod gut fungi from Puerto Rico and summary of tropical Trichomycetes worldwide. Caribbean Journal of Science 36: 210 - 220" title="Arthropod gut fungi from Puerto Rico and summary of tropical Trichomycetes worldwide." volume="36" year="2000">White et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
), Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="B567D1A115EBEEDF202CE8C3389A59F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832807" author="Lopez Lastra, CC" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="320 - 328" refId="B29" refString="Lopez Lastra, CC, Scorsetti, AC, Marti, GA, Coscaron, S, 2005. Trichomycetes living in the guts of aquatic insects of Missiones and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Mycologia 97: 320 - 328, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832807" title="Trichomycetes living in the guts of aquatic insects of Missiones and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832807" volume="97" year="2005">
<normalizedToken id="8A8B72EEC91AC6B201BE99FEE28953DB" originalValue="López-Lastra">Lopez-Lastra</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), Dominican Republic (
<bibRefCitation id="55DBD9C95D89438F11154BD0A87E601F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/09-028" author="Valle, LG" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="363 - 373" refId="B63" refString="Valle, LG, Cafaro, MJ, 2010. First report of Harpellales from the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola) and the insular effect on gut fungi. Mycologia 102: 363 - 373, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/09-028" title="First report of Harpellales from the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola) and the insular effect on gut fungi." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/09-028" volume="102" year="2010">Valle and Cafaro 2010</bibRefCitation>
), Chile (
<bibRefCitation id="CBB934845A66B8DCE864DC00F4174777" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026724" author="Lichtwardt, RW" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="844 - 857" refId="B25" refString="Lichtwardt, RW, Arenas, J, 1996. Trichomycetes in aquatic insects from southern Chile. Mycologia 88: 844 - 857, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026724" title="Trichomycetes in aquatic insects from southern Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026724" volume="88" year="1996">Lichtwardt and Arenas 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and Colombia (
<bibRefCitation id="045855373EAA06B8C286E69C62C27F59" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.1" author="Baron, DE" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="001 - 024" refId="B1" refString="Baron, DE, Valle, LG, 2018. First record of trichomycetes associated with aquatic insects from Colombian moorland and Andean forests. Phytotaxa 361: 001 - 024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.1" title="First record of trichomycetes associated with aquatic insects from Colombian moorland and Andean forests." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.1" volume="361" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="51BDE9FCC4CBCDC851C20FB655C84818" originalValue="Barón">Baron</normalizedToken>
and Valle 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Trichospores of
<taxonomicName id="95220E95D656A4C3D6D16EADF4669B46" lsidName="G. homothallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="homothallica">
<emphasis id="BCFC4815A81328D97B2B188F38B8977E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">G. homothallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are typically ovate-elongated, slightly asymmetrical, measuring 34-40
<normalizedToken id="A5148594ECDF42098F089B85053DBC11" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.5-12
<normalizedToken id="F4E4533782AEB24D4AD30A837306AF58" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in our collections. Young zygospores were observed in one Bulgarian specimen (BUL-2-7) with the characteristic zygosporophore of the species, bearing a straight or reflexed thumb-like terminal cell measuring 43-58
<normalizedToken id="D5BA6958B74083EBE25AA8D40F3DD2AD" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
length. Often,
<taxonomicName id="1AACDB399A75E0DE5E2B6598E9033B71" lsidName="G. homothallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="homothallica">
<emphasis id="16B4F7718BE4FB32D32BC0F01474FF0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">G. homothallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thalli were covered with thalli of the epithallic
<taxonomicName id="A9277AD38BBF8399E88C594E4BEB6374" authorityName="Lichtw" authorityYear="1972" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Simuliomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Simuliomyces microsporus" order="Harpellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="164BE8164C9BD52D8540E9314B57A923" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Simuliomyces microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lichtw., as seen in Fig.
<figureCitation id="776870A7C59D6771D359F2AB4E20B682" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Genistellospora homothallica and Simuliomyces microsporus from Simuliidae larvae. 1 Fertile branches of G. homothallica with terminal trichospores 2 fertile branches and trichospores of G. homothallica with an attached thallus of S. microsporus showing a trichospore (arrow) and conjugation tubes (arrowhead). Scale bars: 25 μm in all figures." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.67.52055.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/414539" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">2</figureCitation>
(arrows).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E21C3ACCE3044E0AFBD104F1C2BAB37C" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.67.52055.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/414539" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" start="Figures 1, 2" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="5BD2B7CFFCAA705FA2A103CDB364DB1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="02F44FDDCB9E91D52C8FCD73BF8CD318" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DAC183207CFF0AC9CB5174094066930" authorityName="Lichtw" authorityYear="1972" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Genistellospora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Genistellospora homothallica" order="Harpellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="homothallica">
<emphasis id="A8908B1753B7E92AAC54F472421C8CEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Genistellospora homothallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1A9F6E4D06AF76653FD61E6C761B25D" authorityName="Lichtw" authorityYear="1972" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Simuliomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Simuliomyces microsporus" order="Harpellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="771776B0CF64F21BE50C33FD1D91F8D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Simuliomyces microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="9C11271DD00869BE62713ACF9D1BB42E" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
larvae.
<emphasis id="6D0847FE97105A986A9B9C162A7B886A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">1</emphasis>
Fertile branches of
<taxonomicName id="AA460076B8380B5CB4930922920ED20A" lsidName="G. homothallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="homothallica">
<emphasis id="A8CA8C3053C02C784ABFE9D5719F2776" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">G. homothallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with terminal trichospores
<emphasis id="DBE4611B88009088918195A12044E6EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">2</emphasis>
fertile branches and trichospores of
<taxonomicName id="E7548E354390EEA84EA9DF01030F36F7" lsidName="G. homothallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="homothallica">
<emphasis id="DD2660490AF9FF27A2BAE59309DA8F69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">G. homothallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an attached thallus of
<taxonomicName id="373FE1FCD8E39599DF7987A2C43DC658" lsidName="S. microsporus" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="48B473A58A050854287349C9CE6D08E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">S. microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing a trichospore (arrow) and conjugation tubes (arrowhead). Scale bars: 25
<normalizedToken id="E631AE45F08BDE3788AFF1464D9C86CF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in all figures.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>