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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661827" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e943786-8fa5-4afd-9d86-0c38025c43b1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121268846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661827" checkinTime="1467471063990" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fredrik Ronquist &amp; José Luis Nieves-Aldrey" docDate="2001" docId="C11487C8FFB04F6DB922252BFADBFE1D" docLanguage="en" docName="1-s2.0-S0024408201903024.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Parnipinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="486" masterDocId="3D2DFFB0FFB24F6EBA492304FF9CFFB9" masterDocTitle="A new subfamily of Figitidae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="494" masterPageNumber="483" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" updateTime="1636492903881" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new subfamily of Figitidae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fredrik Ronquist</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>José Luis Nieves-Aldrey</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>133</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>483</mods:start>
<mods:end>494</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1006/zjls.2001.0302</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6e943786-8fa5-4afd-9d86-0c38025c43b1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269247</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661827" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121268846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11487C8FFB04F6DB922252BFADBFE1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C11487C8FFB04F6DB922252BFADBFE1D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
<subSubSection box="[875,1368,1583,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[814,1368,1583,1677]" box="[875,1368,1583,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
<heading allCaps="true" box="[875,1368,1583,1605]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" reason="5">
<taxonomicName box="[875,1023,1583,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parnipinae">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,1023,1583,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">PARNIPINAE</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
RONQUIST &amp; NIEVES-ALDREY,
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="485" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[814,1368,1583,1677]" box="[1040,1202,1617,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1040,1202,1617,1637]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" reason="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1040,1202,1617,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1040,1202,1617,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">SUBFAM. NOV.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[814,1368,1583,1677]" box="[814,1244,1654,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Based on
<taxonomicName box="[927,1016,1654,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Parnips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="new genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[927,1016,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Parnips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1025,1146,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[1163,1231,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[247,327,846,868]" captionTargetBox="[162,761,264,814]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[158,762,264,817]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Habitus of Parnips nigripes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269248/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Fig.
<number box="[1215,1231,1655,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="2.[814,1428,1725,1993]" lastBlockId="3.[154,767,965,1323]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[814,933,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Differs from all other figitids by the combination of a dull mesoscutum and the lack of a horizontal mesopleural furrow (
<figureCitation box="[1154,1222,1786,1808]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Fig.
<number box="[1207,1222,1786,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A,B). Differs from cynipids by having a prominent lateral pronotal carina (lpc,
<figureCitation box="[875,945,1848,1870]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Fig.
<number box="[932,945,1848,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A) (present only in
<taxonomicName box="[1189,1293,1848,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1189,1293,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among cynipids), a closed marginal cell (
<figureCitation box="[1166,1231,1879,1901]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[175,255,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[166,746,1350,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[158,763,1350,1637]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6. Left forewing of Parnips nigripes, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269252/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Fig.
<number box="[1217,1231,1879,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" value="6.0">6</number>
</figureCitation>
) (usually open in cynipids), Rs+M issuing from the posterior end of the basal vein (
<figureCitation box="[954,1024,1940,1962]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[175,255,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[166,746,1350,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[158,763,1350,1637]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6. Left forewing of Parnips nigripes, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269252/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Fig.
<number box="[1009,1024,1940,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" value="6.0">6</number>
</figureCitation>
), and a basal flexion point in the ninth tergum of the female (flp,
<figureCitation box="[1222,1295,1971,1993]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="8.[154,234,726,748]" captionTargetBox="[163,758,269,694]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[158,762,266,698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 8. Ovipositor of Parnips nigripes, lateral view from the left side. Drawing from a slide mount of an ovipositor cleared in KOH. Abbreviations: b 3 v – base of third valvula; ce – cercus; cla – clear (but not weak) area in the third valvula; flp – flexion point in the ninth tergum, consisting of a weak and flexible, triangular area surrounded by more heavily sclerotized regions; tw – basal twist in terebra; 2 vlf – second valvifer; 9 tg – ninth abdominal tergum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269253/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="485">
Fig.
<number box="[1280,1295,1971,1993]" pageId="2" pageNumber="485" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
). The new subfamily also differs in a number of additional respects from cynipids, figitids and other cynipoids (
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist F." journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" pagination="309 - 335" part="20" refString="Ronquist F. 1995 a. Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 20: 309 - 335." title="Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">
Ronquist,
<number box="[237,295,1026,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1995.0">1995</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist F." box="[331,388,1026,1047]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" pagination="139 - 164" part="28" refString="Ronquist F. 1999. Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea. Zoologica Scripta 28: 139 - 164." title="Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea" type="journal article" year="1999">
<number box="[331,388,1026,1047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Liljeblad J &amp; Ronquist F." box="[411,755,1026,1048]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" pagination="29 - 252" part="23" refString="Liljeblad J, Ronquist F. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of higher-level gall wasp relationships (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Systematic Entomology 23: 29 - 252." title="A phylogenetic analysis of higher-level gall wasp relationships (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">
Liljeblad &amp; Ronquist,
<number box="[697,755,1026,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Possible autapomorphies (see also discussion below) of the
<taxonomicName box="[197,323,1087,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parnipinae">Parnipinae</taxonomicName>
include the pronotal depressions being united medially with a shallow transverse furrow (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[154,234,1209,1231]" captionText="Figure 5. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, oblique anterolateral view showing the pronotum. B, posterodorsal view." pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[154,167,1148,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="5.0">5</number>
</figureCitation>
A), the procoxa having a distinct anterolateral crest, and the median mesoscutal impression and notauli being indistinct anteriorly (
<figureCitation box="[472,538,1209,1231]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[524,538,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
B) (
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist F." box="[580,762,1209,1231]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" pagination="309 - 335" part="20" refString="Ronquist F. 1995 a. Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 20: 309 - 335." title="Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">
Ronquist
<number box="[692,750,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1995.0">1995</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist F." box="[154,211,1240,1261]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" pagination="139 - 164" part="28" refString="Ronquist F. 1999. Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea. Zoologica Scripta 28: 139 - 164." title="Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea" type="journal article" year="1999">
<number box="[154,211,1240,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Liljeblad J &amp; Ronquist F." box="[225,543,1240,1262]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" pagination="29 - 252" part="23" refString="Liljeblad J, Ronquist F. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of higher-level gall wasp relationships (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Systematic Entomology 23: 29 - 252." title="A phylogenetic analysis of higher-level gall wasp relationships (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">
Liljeblad &amp; Ronquist,
<number box="[485,543,1240,1262]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). However, none of these characters is uniquely derived within the
<taxonomicName box="[154,256,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Figitidae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName box="[281,400,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption box="[247,673,846,868]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269248/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" targetBox="[162,761,264,814]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[247,673,846,868]" box="[247,673,846,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[247,355,846,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName box="[488,669,846,868]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Parnips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">Parnips nigripes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="3.[154,768,1360,1993]" lastBlockId="3.[814,1428,280,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,290,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Description.</emphasis>
Female antenna connate, not moniliform. Lower face without median frontal carina (
<figureCitation box="[665,732,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[814,894,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[819,1422,267,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[819,1424,267,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Head of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269249/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[720,732,1391,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="3.0">3</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Head not distinctly depressed posteriorly (
<figureCitation box="[664,734,1421,1443]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[814,894,1521,1543]" captionTargetBox="[819,1422,267,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[819,1424,267,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Head of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269249/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[720,734,1421,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="3.0">3</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Occipital carina missing. Anterior flange of pronotum short (
<figureCitation box="[230,297,1482,1504]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[283,297,1482,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Lateral pronotal carina (lpc,
<figureCitation box="[674,740,1482,1504]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[727,740,1482,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A) prominent. Dorsal pronotal area (dpa,
<figureCitation box="[600,667,1513,1535]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[653,667,1513,1535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
B) short, pronotal crest missing. Mesoscutum with dull sculpture, without prominent transverse costae. Mesopleural triangle distinctly impressed (
<figureCitation box="[653,735,1604,1627]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[154,234,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[311,1270,265,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[311,1270,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Mesosoma of Parnips nigripes, female (SEM). A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: lpc – lateral pronotal carina; dpa – dorsal pronotal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[721,735,1605,1627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Posterior subalar pit present. Mesopleuron without horizontal furrow or carinae. Bulla in R
<number box="[613,623,1666,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="1.0">1</number>
+Sc present (
<figureCitation box="[162,233,1696,1718]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[175,255,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[166,746,1350,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[158,763,1350,1637]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6. Left forewing of Parnips nigripes, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269252/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[217,233,1696,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="6.0">6</number>
</figureCitation>
). Submedian pits on articular bulb of petiole deep and distinct (
<figureCitation box="[372,441,1727,1749]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="7.[814,894,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,266,1180]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 7. Metasoma of Parnips nigripes, lateral view (SEM). A, female. B, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269251/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[426,441,1727,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
). Abdominal terga
<number box="[666,706,1727,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8</number>
free. Third abdominal tergum of female longer than the fourth along the dorsal curvature of the metasoma; posterior margin oblique in lateral view (
<figureCitation box="[662,733,1818,1841]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="7.[814,894,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,266,1180]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 7. Metasoma of Parnips nigripes, lateral view (SEM). A, female. B, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269251/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[720,733,1819,1841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Ovipositor coiled spirally almost
<number box="[554,595,1849,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="360.0">360</number>
°, not elbowed (
<figureCitation box="[162,228,1879,1902]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="8.[154,234,726,748]" captionTargetBox="[163,758,269,694]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[158,762,266,698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 8. Ovipositor of Parnips nigripes, lateral view from the left side. Drawing from a slide mount of an ovipositor cleared in KOH. Abbreviations: b 3 v – base of third valvula; ce – cercus; cla – clear (but not weak) area in the third valvula; flp – flexion point in the ninth tergum, consisting of a weak and flexible, triangular area surrounded by more heavily sclerotized regions; tw – basal twist in terebra; 2 vlf – second valvifer; 9 tg – ninth abdominal tergum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269253/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
Fig.
<number box="[213,228,1880,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
). Ninth tergum of female with a distinct flexion point above the base of the third valvula. Dorsal process anterior to the flexion point absent. Basal part of terebra twisted
<number box="[340,381,1971,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="180.0">180</number>
° so that the first valvulae are in dorsal position at the apex. First valvula narrowing gradually, not broadened apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="486" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[814,1427,367,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[814,1112,367,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Diversity and distribution.</emphasis>
Includes a single genus and species occurring in the Mediterranean region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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