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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.992.55977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="400f6c73-92df-49ca-b27b-bbed9d9eacab" ID-PMC="PMC7677295" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-992-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6F09FA35C1585CCF8F9B519ADD7C0BFA" ID-PubMed="33223905" ID-ZooBank="0F038B5B120E45838E854092C9798566" ModsDocID="1313-2970-992-1" checkinTime="1605278943020" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Parapar, Julio, Capa, Maria, Nygren, Arne &amp; Moreira, Juan" docDate="2020" docId="C08F6C59B4955836AA9E9EA4CACE44F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 992: 1-58" docOrigin="ZooKeys 992" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.992.55977" docTitle="Terebellides Group A (sensu Nygren et al. 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="6F09FA35C1585CCF8F9B519ADD7C0BFA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="6F09FA35C1585CCF8F9B519ADD7C0BFA" masterDocTitle="To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169892664" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Parapar, Julio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Bioloxia, Universidade da Coruna, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jparapar@udc.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nygren, Arne</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Sjoefartmuseet Akvariet, Goeteborg, Sweden and Institutionen foer marina vetenskaper, Goeteborgs Universitet, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moreira, Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia (Zoologia) &amp; Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-2033</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>992</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>58</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.992.55977</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.992.55977</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-992-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169056274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C08F6C59B4955836AA9E9EA4CACE44F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C08F6C59B4955836AA9E9EA4CACE44F1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="C08F6C59-B495-5836-AA9E-9EA4CACE44F1" authority="Group A (sensu Nygren et al. 2018)" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Terebellides Group A (sensu Nygren et al. 2018)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The morphological features shared by all studied species in Group A are itemized below. Some of these are also shared by Groups B, C and D as defined in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
(see Remarks below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="body appearance">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body appearance.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Complete individuals ranging from 10.0-50.0 mm in length. Body tapering posteriorly with segments increasingly shorter and crowded towards pygidium (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. STM photographs of live specimens of several Terebellides species in lateral view. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (ZMBN 116343) B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (ZMBN 116349) C, D Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (GNM 15131 and GNM 15130 respectively). Abbreviations: babv - branchial afferent blood vessel; bbv - branchial blood vessel; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bst - branchial stem; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; cbh - contractile branchial heart; dg - digestive gland; fi - fore intestine; fs - fore stomach; hs - hind stomach; loli - lower lip; oes - oesophagus; ooc - oocytes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A-C</figureCitation>
). Prostomium compact; large tentacular membrane surrounding mouth (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. STM photographs of live specimens of several Terebellides species in lateral view. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (ZMBN 116343) B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (ZMBN 116349) C, D Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (GNM 15131 and GNM 15130 respectively). Abbreviations: babv - branchial afferent blood vessel; bbv - branchial blood vessel; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bst - branchial stem; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; cbh - contractile branchial heart; dg - digestive gland; fi - fore intestine; fs - fore stomach; hs - hind stomach; loli - lower lip; oes - oesophagus; ooc - oocytes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14B</figureCitation>
), with typical buccal tentacles with expanded tips (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; paratypes, ZMBN 116349 and ZMBN 116353), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B dorsal branchial lobes, terminal papilla C anterior branchial lamellae papillae D TC 4, nephridial papilla (framed: detail). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bvltp - branchial ventral lobe terminal papilla; gr - glandular region; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474814" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20A</figureCitation>
). SGI as an expanded structure below tentacular membrane in a lower lip (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. STM photographs of live specimens of several Terebellides species in lateral view. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (ZMBN 116343) B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (ZMBN 116349) C, D Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (GNM 15131 and GNM 15130 respectively). Abbreviations: babv - branchial afferent blood vessel; bbv - branchial blood vessel; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bst - branchial stem; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; cbh - contractile branchial heart; dg - digestive gland; fi - fore intestine; fs - fore stomach; hs - hind stomach; loli - lower lip; oes - oesophagus; ooc - oocytes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; paratypes, GNM 15130 and GNM 15134), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchial lobes, ventral view C anterior dorsal branchial lamellae and papillae D TC 4 to TC 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdlfl - branchial dorsal lobes fusion line; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bt - buccal tentacles; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lappets." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; paratype, ZMBN 1163887), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B anterior dorsal branchial lamellae and papillae C TC 1 and TC 2, lateral view (framed in A). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; loli - lower lip; nop - notopodial protuberance; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474818" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Branchiae</emphasis>
. Branchiae arising as single structure from SGIII, with a single stalked mid-dorsal stem (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
), one pair of dorsal (upper) partially fused lobes (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; paratypes, ZMBN 116349 and ZMBN 116353), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B dorsal branchial lobes, terminal papilla C anterior branchial lamellae papillae D TC 4, nephridial papilla (framed: detail). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bvltp - branchial ventral lobe terminal papilla; gr - glandular region; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474814" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20A</figureCitation>
), and a pair of shorter ventral (lower) lobes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A, B</figureCitation>
) obscured or not by dorsal ones (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A, B</figureCitation>
). Both dorsal and ventral branchial lobes ending each posteriorly in short terminal papilla (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; paratypes, ZMBN 116349 and ZMBN 116353), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B dorsal branchial lobes, terminal papilla C anterior branchial lamellae papillae D TC 4, nephridial papilla (framed: detail). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bvltp - branchial ventral lobe terminal papilla; gr - glandular region; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474814" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20B</figureCitation>
). Anterior projection of dorsal lobes (fifth lobe) present but short (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A, B</figureCitation>
) and usually obscured by tentacular membrane and buccal tentacles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. STM photographs of live specimens of several Terebellides species in lateral view. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (ZMBN 116343) B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (ZMBN 116349) C, D Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (GNM 15131 and GNM 15130 respectively). Abbreviations: babv - branchial afferent blood vessel; bbv - branchial blood vessel; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bst - branchial stem; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; cbh - contractile branchial heart; dg - digestive gland; fi - fore intestine; fs - fore stomach; hs - hind stomach; loli - lower lip; oes - oesophagus; ooc - oocytes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A, C</figureCitation>
). Posterior dorsal lobes reaching TC4 (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628), anterior end, left lateral view B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357), anterior end, left lateral view C Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378), anterior end, right lateral view D Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474813" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</figureCitation>
). Branchial lamellae provided with several parallel rows of cilia in inner face (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15C</figureCitation>
); ciliated papillae not present, ciliary tufts present, sometimes not clearly visible (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B, C branchial lamellae D branchial ciliary rows (framed in B) E nephridial papilla F thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
. Eighteen pairs of notopodia (SGIII-SGXX) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. STM photographs of live specimens of several Terebellides species in lateral view. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (ZMBN 116343) B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (ZMBN 116349) C, D Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (GNM 15131 and GNM 15130 respectively). Abbreviations: babv - branchial afferent blood vessel; bbv - branchial blood vessel; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bst - branchial stem; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; cbh - contractile branchial heart; dg - digestive gland; fi - fore intestine; fs - fore stomach; hs - hind stomach; loli - lower lip; oes - oesophagus; ooc - oocytes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14B, D</figureCitation>
), those of TC1 approximately as long as following ones (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; paratypes, ZMBN 116349 and ZMBN 116353), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B dorsal branchial lobes, terminal papilla C anterior branchial lamellae papillae D TC 4, nephridial papilla (framed: detail). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bvltp - branchial ventral lobe terminal papilla; gr - glandular region; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474814" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; paratypes, GNM 15130 and GNM 15134), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchial lobes, ventral view C anterior dorsal branchial lamellae and papillae D TC 4 to TC 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdlfl - branchial dorsal lobes fusion line; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bt - buccal tentacles; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lappets." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22A</figureCitation>
) or slightly shorter (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
). Lateral lappets and dorsal projections of notopodia in anterior thoracic chaetigers with different degree of development depending on size and preservation conditions, but both more conspicuous on TC2-4/5 (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; paratypes, GNM 15130 and GNM 15134), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchial lobes, ventral view C anterior dorsal branchial lamellae and papillae D TC 4 to TC 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdlfl - branchial dorsal lobes fusion line; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bt - buccal tentacles; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lappets." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22A</figureCitation>
). All notochaetae as simple capillaries (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimens, GNM 15116 and GNM 15118), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, right lateral view B buccal tentacles and branchiae, left lateral view C branchial lamellae, detail. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; blp - branchial lamellae papillae; bst - branchial stem; bt - buccal tentacles; bvltp - branchial terminal lobe terminal papilla; cr - ciliary row; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; gc - geniculate chaetae; gr - glandular region; loli - lower lip; SG - segment; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474809" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
). Neuropodia as sessile pinnules from TC5 or TC6 to body end, with uncini in single or double rows, from TC7 throughout. Neuropodia on TC5 or TC5 and TC6, provided with several sharply bent, acute-tipped, geniculate chaetae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. SEM images, Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 15116). A TC 1 to TC 4, lateral view B TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae C thoracic double row of uncini D thoracic uncinus, capitium, upper view E abdominal uncini F epibiont ciliate (position pointed by arrowhead) attached near TC 5 nephridial papilla. Abbreviations: cap - capitium; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; ros - rostrum; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; paratypes, GNM 15130 and GNM 15134), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae B detail of geniculate chaeta, arrow pointing to capitium (framed in A) C simple row of uncini D thoracic uncinus, capitium E abdominal uncini F ciliate epibionts. Abbreviations: ctr 1 - first row of capitium teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23A</figureCitation>
) with minute teeth forming an ill-defined capitium only visible with SEM (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; paratype, ZMBN 1163887), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C double row of thoracic uncini D, E thoracic uncini, capitium F abdominal uncini. Abbreviations: cap - capitium; ctr 1 - first row of capitium teeth; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474819" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B</figureCitation>
). From TC7, neuropodia with one or several rows of uncini per torus (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. SEM images, Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 15116). A TC 1 to TC 4, lateral view B TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae C thoracic double row of uncini D thoracic uncinus, capitium, upper view E abdominal uncini F epibiont ciliate (position pointed by arrowhead) attached near TC 5 nephridial papilla. Abbreviations: cap - capitium; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; ros - rostrum; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; paratypes, GNM 15130 and GNM 15134), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae B detail of geniculate chaeta, arrow pointing to capitium (framed in A) C simple row of uncini D thoracic uncinus, capitium E abdominal uncini F ciliate epibionts. Abbreviations: ctr 1 - first row of capitium teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C</figureCitation>
), with long shafted denticulate hooks, with large main fang (rostrum) longer than upper crest of teeth (capitium), which is composed by several teeth above main fang of decreasing length (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; paratypes, GNM 15130 and GNM 15134), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae B detail of geniculate chaeta, arrow pointing to capitium (framed in A) C simple row of uncini D thoracic uncinus, capitium E abdominal uncini F ciliate epibionts. Abbreviations: ctr 1 - first row of capitium teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; paratype, ZMBN 1163887), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C double row of thoracic uncini D, E thoracic uncini, capitium F abdominal uncini. Abbreviations: cap - capitium; ctr 1 - first row of capitium teeth; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474819" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen and pygidium</emphasis>
. Approximately half as long as thorax and progressively thinner (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. STM photographs of live specimens of several Terebellides species in lateral view. A Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (ZMBN 116343) B Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (ZMBN 116349) C, D Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (GNM 15131 and GNM 15130 respectively). Abbreviations: babv - branchial afferent blood vessel; bbv - branchial blood vessel; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bst - branchial stem; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; cbh - contractile branchial heart; dg - digestive gland; fi - fore intestine; fs - fore stomach; hs - hind stomach; loli - lower lip; oes - oesophagus; ooc - oocytes; tm - tentacular membrane." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14B</figureCitation>
). Neuropodia ranging from 18-38 chaetigers and forming erect pinnules (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12F</figureCitation>
) with several uncini per torus, number depending of specimen size. Uncini provided with several teeth above rostrum surmounted by a capitium composed of several teeth of decreasing length (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM- 61376 and NTNU-VM- 61377), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini F abdominal unciniger G detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. SEM images, Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 15116). A TC 1 to TC 4, lateral view B TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae C thoracic double row of uncini D thoracic uncinus, capitium, upper view E abdominal uncini F epibiont ciliate (position pointed by arrowhead) attached near TC 5 nephridial papilla. Abbreviations: cap - capitium; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; ros - rostrum; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; paratypes, ZMBN 116349 and ZMBN 116353), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1), geniculate chaetae B geniculate chaeta, detail (framed in A) C-E thoracic uncini (arrows in C pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal uncini. Abbreviations: cap - capitium; ctr 1 / 2 - first and second rows of capitium teeth; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474815" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21F</figureCitation>
). Pygidium blunt, as funnel-like depression.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour pattern</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Colour in preserved specimens pale brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
). MG staining pattern 1 sensu
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.1" author="Schueller, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B35" refString="Schueller, M, Hutchings, PA, 2010. New insights in the taxonomy of Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta) with the description of a new Terebellides from Australia. Zootaxa 2395: 1 - 16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.1" title="New insights in the taxonomy of Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta) with the description of a new Terebellides from Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.1" volume="2395" year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schüller">Schueller</normalizedToken>
and Hutchings (2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 10, fig. 4) and characterised by compact green colouration in CH1-3, then turning into striped pattern in CH4-12 and fading in following segments.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
STM photographs of several
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bakkeni" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN116395)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1835" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides stroemii" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN116397)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM14632)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason" authorityYear="2011" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bigeniculatus" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bigeniculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bigeniculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN116514)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa" authorityYear="2019" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides europaea" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Londoño-Mesa">Londono-Mesa</normalizedToken>
, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM14628)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides ronningae" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ronningae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides ronningae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN116357)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides norvegica" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="norvegica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides norvegica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN416378)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides scotica" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scotica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides scotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Among the aforementioned characters, branchial features might serve to distinguish most of Group A species (except for A3 species) from those in Groups B-D. Those include branchial size, lobes size (i.e., whether dorsal and ventral are of similar size or differ), presence of terminal papilla/filament on posterior lobes, and presence of ciliary structures (rows, tufts or buttons) on lamellae. Other taxa described or reported worldwide bear similar branchiae including
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. stroemii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B29" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2983: 1 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" title="Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" volume="2983" year="2011">Parapar et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
from Iceland and sensu
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.3" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="333 - 350" refId="B25" refString="Parapar, J, Mikac, B, Fiege, D, 2013. Diversity of the genus Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) in the Adriatic Sea with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3691 (3): 333 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.3" title="Diversity of the genus Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) in the Adriatic Sea with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.3.3" volume="3691" year="2013">Parapar et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
from the Adriatic Sea,
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kerguelensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kerguelensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kerguelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
McIntosh, 1885 and
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. longicaudatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. longicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hessle, 1917 from Antarctic latitudes (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-007-0085-4" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Helgoland Marine Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 152" refId="B26" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008a. Redescription of Terebellides kerguelensis stat. nov. McIntosh, 1885 (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Antarctic and subantarctic waters. Helgoland Marine Research 62: 143 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-007-0085-4" title="Redescription of Terebellides kerguelensis stat. nov. McIntosh, 1885 (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Antarctic and subantarctic waters." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-007-0085-4" volume="62" year="2008 a">Parapar and Moreira 2008a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930801989997" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1261 - 1275" refId="B27" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008b. Revision of three species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) described by C. Hessle in 1917 from the Southern Ocean. Journal of Natural History 42: 1261 - 1275, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930801989997" title="Revision of three species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) described by C. Hessle in 1917 from the Southern Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930801989997" volume="42" year="2008 b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kobei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kobei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kobei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hessle, 1917 from Japan (
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Science Museum of Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 18" refId="B11" refString="Imajima, M, Williams, SJ, 1985. Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta) chiefly from the Sagami and Saruga Bays, collected by R/V Tansei-Maru (Cruises KT-65/76). Bulletin of the National Science Museum of Tokyo 11 (1): 7 - 18" title="Trichobranchidae (Polychaeta) chiefly from the Sagami and Saruga Bays, collected by R / V Tansei-Maru (Cruises KT- 65 / 76)." volume="11" year="1985">Imajima and Williams 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Line drawings of several
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bakkeni" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN116395), anterior end, right lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1835" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides stroemii" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stroemii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides stroemii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN116397), anterior end, right lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM14632), anterior end, left lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason" authorityYear="2011" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bigeniculatus" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bigeniculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bigeniculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The other species groups as found in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
were not studied in depth here and will be the aim of a subsequent study. However, Group B seems to be characterised by having a shorter body and free branchial lobes; these features are shared with
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. atlantis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="atlantis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. atlantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Williams, 1984 and
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. irinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. irinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gagaev, 2009 as already suggested by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. Members of Group C are apparently not defined by any unique shared morphological character but show the same geographic distribution as
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. irinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. irinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, the three putative species in Group D were related to
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Malm, 1874 and
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. williamsae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="williamsae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. williamsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jirkov, 1989 by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
even though the latter was proposed to be synonymised with the former by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B29" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2983: 1 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" title="Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2983.1.1" volume="2983" year="2011">Parapar et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. These species seem characterised by having ventral white colouration in a number of anterior chaetigers and similar-sized branchial lobes; these characters are not shared with Group A.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bakkeni" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM-61376 and NTNU-VM-61377), SEM micrographs.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
anterior end, left lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
branchial lamellae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
branchial ciliary rows (framed in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
nephridial papilla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
thoracic notopodial papillae (framed: detail of one papilla). Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; cr - ciliary row; ct - ciliary tuft; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; np - nephridial papilla; TC - thoracic chaetiger; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes; tm - tentacular membrane.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regarding Group A, six morphological characters have been considered to delineate subgroups and species (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of discriminatin g taxonomic characters of the species studied in this work. Cells with text in italic show discriminatory characters of each subgroup. Species 18, 19, and 23 were not studied and 12 and 21 only examined with SEM." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/50957C2B992BD297784D481C9B89A718" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="50957C2B992BD297784D481C9B89A718">1</tableCitation>
). Two characters can be determined with the aid of the STM: 1) general branchial shape, 2) number of thoracic chaetigers with geniculate chaetae; four characters require SEM examination: 3) presence of papillae on lamellae of dorsal branchial lobes, 4) presence of ciliated papillae dorsal to thoracic notopodia, 5) features of thoracic and 6) abdominal uncini shape dentition. Branchial typology (1) is defined according to
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0353-5" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="211 - 225" refId="B31" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, O'Reilly, M, 2016c. A new species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Scottish waters with an insight into branchial morphology. Marine Biodiversity 46: 211 - 225, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0353-5" title="A new species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) from Scottish waters with an insight into branchial morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0353-5" volume="46" year="2016 c">Parapar et al. (2016c)</bibRefCitation>
and thoracic uncini (5) follows
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4771.1.1" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B24" refString="Parapar, J, Martin, D, Moreira, J, 2020. On the diversity of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) in West Africa, seven new species and the redescription of T. africana Augener, 1918 stat. prom. Zootaxa 4771 (1): 1 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4771.1.1" title="On the diversity of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) in West Africa, seven new species and the redescription of T. africana Augener, 1918 stat. prom." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4771.1.1" volume="4771" year="2020">Parapar et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. Typology of abdominal uncini (6) is described here (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides bakkeni" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 10; paratypes, NTNU-VM-61376 and NTNU-VM-61377), SEM micrographs.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
TC6 (TU1) geniculate chaetae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-E</emphasis>
thoracic uncini
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
abdominal unciniger
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
detail of three abdominal uncini, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Furthermore, species will be also characterised according to geographic and bathymetric distribution according to available data.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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