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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9650" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. &amp; Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="C0438CE743F212DD3E6FD03716D62150" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Cnestus improcerus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732888464283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0080F97CE903F1FFFC4EC181B1D98A48">A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="394A9689CEB6923329D1C054C6C8986D">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E663704BEFAD866C59FC264C67A2EB81">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="49FF230A0A30A05B56D8C529ED03A8D5">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="C0438CE743F212DD3E6FD03716D62150" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0438CE743F212DD3E6FD03716D62150" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0438CE743F212DD3E6FD03716D62150" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Scolytinae">
<subSubSection id="2B46F8723B61C478C7051C2156262DB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="61346C6523EAD397A4D5B0BA9B95F21F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="474CFD8CF913F798D6A98FDD0F5A7FB9" ID-CoL="WHZF" authority="(Sampson, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Sampson" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus improcerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improcerus">Cnestus improcerus (Sampson, 1921)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="03E28665E11C52D8D34DE7E8D20AD7E8" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Cnestus improcerus, 2.7 - 3.3 mm (A, B, I), C. mutilatus, 3.6 - 3.8 mm (C, D, J), C. nitidipennis, 2.8 - 3.2 mm (E, F, K), and C. protensus, 3.3 - 5.4 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 33A, B, I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5F48D2FA81F711398EE1E4711BD121E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9D45F0DE64CFE36C1156EE4E4C300E9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="338C656DA3E847F67652A9DCE1CA878A" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus improcerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improcerus">Xyleborus improcerus</taxonomicName>
Sampson, 1921: 33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FAC20895CF61BE138624E937C926D8B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E71ED566B30D335D7EDCE635AB4D521B" authorityName="Bright &amp; Skidmore" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus improcerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improcerus">Xylosandrus improcerus</taxonomicName>
(Sampson):
<bibRefCitation id="6C3D2F9F15B5FA8A0BEF779F117ED04E" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="South Pacific Journal of Natural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B15" refString="Beaver, RA, 1998. New synonymy, new combinations and taxonomic notes on Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Series B, Botanik und Zoologie 100B: 179-192." title="New synonymy, new combinations and taxonomic notes on Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Series B, Botanik und Zoologie 100 B: 179 - 192." year="1998">Beaver 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 183.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CEDCB24D8CB962B890F4A0FC91C79ED1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E9395023EFD35B071569228342CDC6F5" baseAuthorityName="Sampson" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus improcerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improcerus">Cnestus improcerus</taxonomicName>
(Sampson):
<bibRefCitation id="E463E106D6933B3095BEC78245207A9F" author="Dole, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="451 - 545" refId="B109" refString="Dole, SA, Cognato, AI, 2010. Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California of Science 61: 451 - 545" title="Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="61" year="2010">Dole and Cognato 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 529.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B36E31989A67EAF2C8DC0781C561AFAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="672B86C14B9CCDE083AA350C897DB8A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E445BE2E989CF26464D241329D5C8E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="89C46B60FBF70B4335E2B121BCC66E1C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
(NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29B3C7B2C05006CA41F653A9069E644D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BA001D1CB7B1AAD2D2098AE31D994070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D494A2C0AC5AE67983BF828BFA2F1ADC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.7-3.3 mm long (mean = 3.04 mm; n = 5); 1.67-1.74
<normalizedToken id="D2CBB68DD5723297095821AEEBAC9DA9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the presence of a mesonotal mycangial tuft on the pronotal base; elytral disc very short; procoxae widely separated; declivity bicolored, with the basal 1/2 black and the apical 1/2 with a pale translucent area; declivity flat; pronotum type 1 when viewed dorsally; antennal club type 2, with two sutures visible on posterior face; antennal funicle 4-segmented; protibiae distinctly triangular; declivital posterolateral margin moderately carinate from apex to declivital base along interstriae 7; declivital interstriae punctate, setose, and ground vestiture absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D69BF8F52A0C50B6203E6DE0376D8D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph id="F9A28D79A09D8D4916C5BAC099FDE288" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46BF217F542EC15139FE3BCDE5C9CFC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C71263AB730B441A53734B80546B3D82" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus ater" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
<emphasis id="C9FDDFCF32ADE622A69EFE14345A8DCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus ater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8872AFD0784A665C681BAB04DAF82F" lsidName="C. gravidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gravidus">
<emphasis id="0BD05F2025BF4F0D06E540F9EC50C689" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gravidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11D69BE78EC4CA266E418971485287D1" lsidName="C. mutilatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mutilatus">
<emphasis id="7697BADBF19B1C457B47EDAA6AA9F3BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mutilatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="341096ABEF83F2911756BA3B117EDEEC" lsidName="C. testudo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="testudo">
<emphasis id="30A98167B9F16EC8F6F74317260CE473" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. testudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="06D09AAD2F0CAD81E4A75155C3E7EFA1" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AA3A69151571624338D9A0FB92B22E7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E27723614A8AEC6EC114F1261F2FAB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0E6DA0C82233C6CAFBB6F91EDAE789C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F5BE8031D1671A64A0079BAAE584C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="550DEEFB2D02D2D8A614F53D8D52A330" originalValue="Borneo">'Borneo'</normalizedToken>
, Brunei, East &amp; West Malaysia, Thailand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A87D5DF8F621A4BB3047BB3038DFA128" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph id="17D34D25BB5A6B298F1427FAD2664C88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A568BDA273133F95276BADA8008AE0A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Recorded from
<taxonomicName id="A3F98E4412D1627915059DD51F2EF3DA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Canarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canarium" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85F343851279F674D4E1255558556519" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Canarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="A761C5AB561946B8831E5C68E796953C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Burseraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="1D1AABB7F52C30C0E4064C44D36A32FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dipterocarpus" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECF4ABDD34AF5F74F385A9CA98289DF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="1A14B4EED01BAED6EDCEAF0954A65D81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
), and an unidentified genus of
<taxonomicName id="ADF9C5E006685B193229E341B5B0CEFD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="58E6F13653C21F21731D6AEDA8FAFAF9" author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Forest Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B70" refString="Browne, FG, 1961b. The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records 22: 1 - 255" title="The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae." volume="22" year="1961 b">Browne 1961b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6A308AB621F46577C6D71EB4FDA38DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="5844E4A23C350B12FC09060E1BC1925F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1D46ACF1C0681D4CF987C3A4E63C95" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Reported by
<bibRefCitation id="7329D5A77BBD514C4D34E0B76E03F681" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright (1992)</bibRefCitation>
as occurring in India but no actual records have been found.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6F5735AC9C0D23417E9A14ED898A962" doi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
<paragraph id="74D912FF55E70A377AB3D0E31EC72D51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5445D70FE03CD108369295818AE1AD27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 33.</emphasis>
Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of
<taxonomicName id="09B73E2F940990B7A6DD3D591DD0534D" baseAuthorityName="Sampson" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus improcerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improcerus">
<emphasis id="9D37020FB173650BB415CC01D276B866" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus improcerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2.7-3.3 mm (
<emphasis id="208521E78A2278889DF95697A7F15963" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, I</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="58600E8A484DA4C498741FC53F42B367" lsidName="C. mutilatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mutilatus">
<emphasis id="6F7292CBDE36DCB31D0984E8FF70F6F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mutilatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3.6-3.8 mm (
<emphasis id="36A8FA797C26B5FCAF415314D3EBF2F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, J</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="92233A25EA299F1EF8628314979DB6F9" lsidName="C. nitidipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
<emphasis id="0F6F8F59569BF662C83EFB6FA39A1255" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2.8-3.2 mm (
<emphasis id="D8324AA49684D37EDB2AEB88A3448FF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F, K</emphasis>
), and
<taxonomicName id="D7B8750A66127572DD7B075DBF5F884D" lsidName="C. protensus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="protensus">
<emphasis id="0A60D84E24E940CD4B736FD8F765ADB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. protensus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3.3-5.4 mm (
<emphasis id="24A0E3258A713222D7AF2901A73932CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H, L</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>