268 lines
55 KiB
XML
268 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BCDF77D4FABE37251ECF57259137EFE3">Thunberga gen. nov., a new genus of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9672EC1123882767EE54AF4A3E1EF5E">Jäger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6B127B945A8E9510163CD0C419026BF8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="779620C433B33B1BA66891C92F4CDC7D">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="BF5287A9F73F5D6CFF15FBF9FD99FBD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5921108" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164501454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5921108" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8C7022F-94A4-4A6C-ACD3-004B22FCDEC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF5287A9F73F5D6CFF15FBF9FD99FBD3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection id="7FE16534F73F5D6FFF15FBF9FE40FBDD" box="[151,404,1125,1152]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="374436BFF73F5D6FFF15FBF9FE40FBDD" blockId="1.[151,404,1125,1152]" box="[151,404,1125,1152]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<heading id="6C0C81D3F73F5D6FFF15FBF9FE40FBDD" bold="true" box="[151,404,1125,1152]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFF15FBF9FE40FBDD" bold="true" box="[151,404,1125,1152]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFF15FBF9FECAFB22" ID-CoL="95F8G" authority="Jäger, 2020" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,286,1125,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFF15FBF9FECAFB22" bold="true" box="[151,286,1125,1152]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Thunberga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73F5D6FFEA4FBF9FE40FBDD" box="[294,404,1125,1151]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FE16534F73F5D6FFF15FB35FCE4FB63" box="[151,816,1192,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="374436BFF73F5D6FFF15FB35FCE4FB63" blockId="1.[151,816,1192,1217]" box="[151,816,1192,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFF15FB35FEF7FB63" bold="true" box="[151,291,1192,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<typeStatus id="E840881DF73F5D6FFF15FB35FF18FB63" box="[151,204,1193,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFEA8FB35FD61FB63" ID-CoL="95GYG" authority="(Strand, 1907)" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[298,693,1192,1217]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nossibeensis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFEA8FB35FDC9FB63" box="[298,541,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Thunberga nossibeensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73F5D6FFDA8FB34FD7BFB63" author="Strand, E." box="[554,687,1192,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" pagination="525 - 558" refId="ref9824" refString="Strand, E. (1907) Vorlaufige Diagnosen afrikanischer und sudamerikanischer Spinnen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 525 - 558." type="journal article" year="1907">Strand, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFD3EFB35FCE4FB63" bold="true" box="[700,816,1193,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73F5D6FFD3EFB35FCE4FB63" box="[700,816,1193,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FE16534F73F5D6FFF15FB6CFD9BFAD7" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="374436BFF73F5D6FFF15FB6CFD9BFAD7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1263,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFF15FB6CFECAFAA8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1264,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after Greta Thunberg (*
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<quantity id="F0039B5AF73F5D6FFD13FB6CFD39FAAB" box="[657,749,1263,1290]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.087619999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="2003.0">2003 in</quantity>
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<collectingCountry id="4FEC762FF73F5D6FFD75FB73FC80FAA8" box="[759,852,1263,1290]" name="Sweden" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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), a young and courageous climate activist fighting against global warming, ignorant stakeholders and for a better future on our planet. In fact, global warming and other issues caused by humans affect all parts of the nature including Madagascar’s nature in general and its spider fauna in particular. Gender is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FE16534F73F5D6FFF45FAE3FE88F887" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="374436BFF73F5D6FFF45FAE3FC7AF91B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1263,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFF45FAE3FE96FA38" bold="true" box="[199,322,1407,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFEC5FA1CFE15FA38" authority="Jäger, 2020" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" box="[327,449,1408,1434]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFEC5FA1CFE15FA38" box="[327,449,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Thunberga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFE45FA1CFDE4FA38" bold="true" box="[455,560,1408,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73F5D6FFE45FA1CFDE4FA38" box="[455,560,1408,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFD55FAE3FCA8FA3B" box="[727,892,1407,1433]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
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Thorell (see also discussion) but is distinguished from other Asian and African genera of this subfamily as well as from
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFC29FA38FB32FA1F" authority="Simon, 1903 b" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[939,1254,1443,1470]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Anaptomecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFC29FA38FB96FA1C" box="[939,1090,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Anaptomecus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73F5D6FFBCBFA3FFB32FA1F" author="Simon, E." box="[1097,1254,1443,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" pagination="21 - 39" refId="ref9745" refString="Simon, E. (1903 b) Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 47, 21 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25299" type="journal article" year="1903">Simon, 1903b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having more than 4 retromarginal cheliceral teeth (
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<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFDC0FA5BFD52FA40" box="[578,646,1479,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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), AME equal in size to ALE or very slightly larger, and posterior eye row straight or slightly procurved (
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<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFDA1FA77FDBCF9A4" box="[547,616,1515,1542]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) (other Asian and African genera of
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFB8AFA77FB79F9A7" box="[1032,1197,1515,1541]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropodinae">Heteropodinae</taxonomicName>
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with 4 retromarginal cheliceral teeth, lateral eyes larger and both eye rows recurved). The new genus is distinguished from other South American genera (
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFEEEF9A8FDAFF9EC" authority="Rheims, 2010" authorityName="Rheims" authorityYear="2010" box="[364,635,1587,1614]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Guadana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFEEEF9A8FE00F9EC" box="[364,468,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Guadana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73F5D6FFE5FF9AFFDAFF9EC" author="Rheims, C. A." box="[477,635,1587,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref9371" refString="Rheims, C. A. (2010) A new genus of huntsman spiders from the Neotropical region (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 2650 (1), 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2650.1.3" type="journal article" year="2010">Rheims, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFD09F9A8FC60F9EC" authority="Banks, 1929" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1929" box="[651,948,1587,1614]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Sparianthina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFD09F9A8FCC9F9EC" box="[651,797,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Sparianthina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73F5D6FFCA4F9AFFC60F9EC" author="Banks, N." box="[806,948,1587,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" pagination="53 - 96" refId="ref7809" refString="Banks, N. (1929) Spiders from Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 69, 53 - 96." type="journal article" year="1929">Banks, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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having at least in some species more than 4 retromarginal cheliceral teeth) by the anterior eye row straight to procurved (recurved in the American genera). Moreover, there is a small but consistent gap between the two distal retromarginal and the remaining teeth (
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<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFACCF9E7FA43F934" box="[1358,1431,1659,1686]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFF15F93CFF61F918" box="[151,181,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFF43F93CFF35F918" box="[193,225,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,715,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,705,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Thunberga malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4692. 17–18 Left palp (17 ventral, 18 retrolateral); 19 Eyes, dorsal; 20 Prosoma, frontal; 21 Margin of left chelicera, ventral; 22 trilobate membrane, dorsal (17–20 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889492/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">21</figureCitation>
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: arrows). This character seems to be unique in the entire family.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="374436BFF73F5D6FFF45F958FE88F887" blockId="1.[151,1437,1263,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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In general, colouration pattern is not a good diagnostic character. However, most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFBF7F958FB3BF97C" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" box="[1141,1263,1732,1758]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFBF7F958FB3BF97C" box="[1141,1263,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Thunberga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spiders have a characteristic pattern of dots on their prosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFD33F97BFCE0F8A0" box="[689,820,1767,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1271,1296]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1233]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1245]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Thunberga spp. from Madagascar, habitus. 41–43 T. septifer (Strand, 1908) comb. nov., female holotype, NHRS 324; 44–46 T. greta spec. nov., female paratype, PJ 3683, ex MNHN 19650, SMF. 41, 44 dorsal; 42, 45 ventral; 43, 46 frontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889500/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Figs 44, 46</figureCitation>
|
||
), which has not been observed in any of the genera of this family so far.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FE16534F73F5D6CFF45F8B3FE20FB85" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73F5D6CFF45F8B3FDF0FEC9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1263,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73F5D6FFF45F8B3FE8DF8E8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1839,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium sized to very large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73F5D6FFD1EF8B3FCF4F8EB" authorityName="Bertkau" authorityYear="1872" box="[668,800,1839,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(body length males 12.7–24.0, females: 10.4–31.0) with laterigrade legs. Eye rows, when viewed from dorsal, straight to slightly recurved (anterior eyes) and slightly procurved (posterior eyes); AME, ALE, PME roughly equally large, PLE in most species slightly larger; lateral eyes on small humps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFEB1F807FEA8F814" box="[307,380,1947,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFE05F800FE71F814" box="[391,421,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73F5D6FFE33F800FE04F814" box="[433,464,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,715,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,705,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Thunberga malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4692. 17–18 Left palp (17 ventral, 18 retrolateral); 19 Eyes, dorsal; 20 Prosoma, frontal; 21 Margin of left chelicera, ventral; 22 trilobate membrane, dorsal (17–20 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889492/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Promargin of chelicerae with 3, retromargin with 5–7 teeth, cheliceral furrow close to promarginal teeth with 26–50 denticles, in most cases in distinct patch, in few cases with few denticles extending in a row a bit distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFE16FF05FE09FF11" box="[404,477,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFE6BFF05FDD3FF11" box="[489,519,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFD91FF05FDE6FF11" box="[531,562,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,715,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,705,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Thunberga malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4692. 17–18 Left palp (17 ventral, 18 retrolateral); 19 Eyes, dorsal; 20 Prosoma, frontal; 21 Margin of left chelicera, ventral; 22 trilobate membrane, dorsal (17–20 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889492/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retromargin of chelicerae close to fang base with 1–4 bristles. Leg formula: 2143. Scopulae on tarsi and metatarsi I–III dense, sparse in metatarsus IV. Trilobate membrane with moderately distinct median hook and lateral projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFD13FF7EFD3CFF5E" box="[657,744,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFD76FF7FFCC0FF5F" box="[756,788,227,253]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,715,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,705,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Thunberga malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4692. 17–18 Left palp (17 ventral, 18 retrolateral); 19 Eyes, dorsal; 20 Prosoma, frontal; 21 Margin of left chelicera, ventral; 22 trilobate membrane, dorsal (17–20 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889492/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palpal claw of female palp with 6 moderately long teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFF22FE9BFF20FE83" box="[160,244,263,289]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), leg claws with 12 uniserial teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFD0FFE9BFD36FE83" box="[653,738,262,289]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum longer than wide, with 4 pairs of short projections pointing to coxae. Gnathocoxae with uniserial serrula in usual position and of normal length (i.e. not reduced as in
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFF15FECEFF1DFEC9" box="[151,201,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">May</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73C5D6CFF52FECDFDCCFEC9" author="Jager, P. & Krehenwinkel, H." box="[208,536,336,363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="365 - 392" refId="ref8529" refString="Jager, P. & Krehenwinkel, H. (2015) May gen. nov. (Araneae: Sparassidae): a unique lineage from southern Africa supported by morphological and molecular features. African Invertebrates, 56 (2), 365 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 056.0209" type="journal article" year="2015">Jäger & Krehenwinkel, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FEEAFA48FE17" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Opisthosoma oval, dorsally with two pairs of muscle sigilla, the latter partly elongated, ventrally with two rows of small muscle sigilla, more or less parallel, posteriorly converging (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFC22FE06FC3DFE17" box="[928,1001,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFC77FE07FB32FE17" box="[1013,1254,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–40" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1875,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 32–40. Thunberga spp. from Madagascar, habitus. 32–34 T. nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male, PJ 3698, NHRS; 35–37 T. nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., female, PJ 3699, NHRS; 38–40 T. malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male, SMF 4692. 32, 35, 38 dorsal; 33, 36, 39 ventral; 34, 37, 40 frontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889498/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">32–33, 35–36, 38–39</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFB73FE07FA44FE17" box="[1265,1424,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1271,1296]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,193,1233]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1245]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Thunberga spp. from Madagascar, habitus. 41–43 T. septifer (Strand, 1908) comb. nov., female holotype, NHRS 324; 44–46 T. greta spec. nov., female paratype, PJ 3683, ex MNHN 19650, SMF. 41, 44 dorsal; 42, 45 ventral; 43, 46 frontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">41–42, 44–45</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FE23FE18FD81" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Palp with cymbium two times longer than wide, RTA arising distally from tibia, simple, straight. Spermophor running from disto-retrolateral part of tegulum proximally, then into a proximo-prolateral loop before entering the embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFE87FD95FEBEFD81" box="[261,362,521,547]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFEF4FD95FE6BFD81" box="[374,447,521,547]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,715,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,705,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Thunberga malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4692. 17–18 Left palp (17 ventral, 18 retrolateral); 19 Eyes, dorsal; 20 Prosoma, frontal; 21 Margin of left chelicera, ventral; 22 trilobate membrane, dorsal (17–20 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889492/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FDB2FAD3FD79" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Epigyne with epigynal field longer than wide, with anterior pocket in its very anterior part, opening posteriad, with one pair of slit sensilla (in some cases reduced) close to the epigynal field medially; with lateral bands (muscle attachment fields) situated medially beside epigynal field (not anterior to the field as in most other genera) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFACCFDEBFF60FD14" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 8, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFF42FD00FF0AFD14" box="[192,222,668,694]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–25" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1184,1209]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,345,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[167,1420,345,1159]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–25. Thunberga septifer (Strand, 1908) comb. nov., holotype male from Madagascar, NHRS 324. Copulatory organ (23 epigyne ventral, 24 vulva dorsal, 25 schematic course of internal duct system dorsal).AP—anterior pocket, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, MS—median septum, SSslit sensillum, TP—turning point of internal duct system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889494/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFF6BFD00FEE7FD14" box="[233,307,668,694]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–31" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,345,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[184,1403,345,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 26–31. Thunberga greta spec. nov. from Madagascar (26–28 holotype female, MHNN 19650; 29–31 female paratype, MNHN 19462). Copulatory organ (26, 29 epigyne ventral, 27, 30 vulva dorsal, 28, 31 schematic course of internal duct system dorsal).AP—anterior pocket, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, MS—median septum, SS—slit sensillum, TP—turning point of internal duct system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889496/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">26, 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal duct system with wider epigynal folds running from anterior to posterior, then narrowing to tubular duct system, finally running into fertilisation ducts postero-para-medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFBB0FD5DFBAEFD79" box="[1074,1146,705,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1625,1650]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[185,1402,181,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov. from Madagascar (8–10, 12–16 female syntype of T. hildebrandti comb. nov.; 11 female from St. Marie, MNHN 19484). 8–11 Copulatory organ (8, 11 epigyne, ventral; 9 vulva, dorsal; 10 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal); 12 Eyes, dorsal; 13 Margin of left chelicera; 14 Palpal claw, lateral; 15 Leg claw, lateral; 16 trilobate membrane, dorsal (8–10, 12–13 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). AP—anterior pocket, EF—epigynal field, FD—fertilisation ducts, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, LL—lateral lobes, MS—median septum, TP—turning point of internal duct system. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889490/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFB04FD5DFB70FD79" box="[1158,1188,705,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–25" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1184,1209]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,345,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[167,1420,345,1159]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–25. Thunberga septifer (Strand, 1908) comb. nov., holotype male from Madagascar, NHRS 324. Copulatory organ (23 epigyne ventral, 24 vulva dorsal, 25 schematic course of internal duct system dorsal).AP—anterior pocket, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, MS—median septum, SSslit sensillum, TP—turning point of internal duct system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889494/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFB32FD5DFB2EFD79" box="[1200,1274,705,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–31" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1828,1853]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,345,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[184,1403,345,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 26–31. Thunberga greta spec. nov. from Madagascar (26–28 holotype female, MHNN 19650; 29–31 female paratype, MNHN 19462). Copulatory organ (26, 29 epigyne ventral, 27, 30 vulva dorsal, 28, 31 schematic course of internal duct system dorsal).AP—anterior pocket, FW—first winding of internal duct system, GA—glandular appendages, LB—lateral band of epigynal field, MS—median septum, SS—slit sensillum, TP—turning point of internal duct system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889496/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">27, 30</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FD7AFE11FCE8" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Colouration: Yellowish-brown with moderately distinct pattern, mostly consisting of small dots on dorsal prosoma (especially along striae), opisthosoma and parts of legs (especially femora), chelicerae with longitudinal stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFF6DFCB3FEECFCEB" box="[239,312,815,841]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,276,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,272,1870]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Thunberga nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4694. 1–3 Right palp, mirrored (1 prolateral, 2 ventral, 3 retrolateral); 4 Eyes, dorsal; 5–6 Left chelicera (5 margin, ventral; 6 frontal); 7 Opisthosoma, dorsal (modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophor. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889488/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFEC6FCB3FEB7FCEB" box="[324,355,815,841]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,715,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,705,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Thunberga malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male from Madagascar, SMF 4692. 17–18 Left palp (17 ventral, 18 retrolateral); 19 Eyes, dorsal; 20 Prosoma, frontal; 21 Margin of left chelicera, ventral; 22 trilobate membrane, dorsal (17–20 modified from Jäger & Kunz 2005). C—conductor, E—embolus. Arrow pointing to gap between the two distal retromarginal teeth and proximal ones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889492/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFEECFCB3FE6DFCE8" box="[366,441,815,842]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 32–40" captionStart-1="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1875,1900]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1271,1296]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1433,193,1840]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1436,193,1233]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1849]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1245]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 32–40. Thunberga spp. from Madagascar, habitus. 32–34 T. nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male, PJ 3698, NHRS; 35–37 T. nossibeensis (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., female, PJ 3699, NHRS; 38–40 T. malagassa (Strand, 1907) comb. nov., male, SMF 4692. 32, 35, 38 dorsal; 33, 36, 39 ventral; 34, 37, 40 frontal." captionText-1="FIGURES 41–46. Thunberga spp. from Madagascar, habitus. 41–43 T. septifer (Strand, 1908) comb. nov., female holotype, NHRS 324; 44–46 T. greta spec. nov., female paratype, PJ 3683, ex MNHN 19650, SMF. 41, 44 dorsal; 42, 45 ventral; 43, 46 frontal." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889498" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889500" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3889498/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3889500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">32–46</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FCCFFCDAFC31" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFF45FCCFFE45FCCC" bold="true" box="[199,401,851,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Species included.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73C5D6CFE14FCC8FD9BFCCC" authority="Jäger, 2020" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" box="[406,591,852,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFE14FCC8FD9BFCCC" box="[406,591,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Thunberga greta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFDD7FCC8FD11FCCC" bold="true" box="[597,709,852,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73C5D6CFDD7FCC8FD11FCCC" box="[597,709,852,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73C5D6CFD53FCC9FBDCFCCC" authority="(Strand, 1907)" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[721,1032,852,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagassa" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFD53FCC9FCB7FCCC" box="[721,867,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">T. malagassa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73C5D6CFCF2FCC8FBD4FCCC" author="Strand, E." box="[880,1024,852,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="525 - 558" refId="ref9824" refString="Strand, E. (1907) Vorlaufige Diagnosen afrikanischer und sudamerikanischer Spinnen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 525 - 558." type="journal article" year="1907">Strand, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFB8FFCC8FB58FCCC" bold="true" box="[1037,1164,852,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73C5D6CFB8FFCC8FB58FCCC" box="[1037,1164,852,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73C5D6CFB1AFCC9FF0DFC31" authority="(Strand, 1907)" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nossibeensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFB1AFCC9FAEAFCCC" box="[1176,1342,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">T. nossibeensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73C5D6CFAC9FCC8FF04FC31" author="Strand, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="525 - 558" refId="ref9824" refString="Strand, E. (1907) Vorlaufige Diagnosen afrikanischer und sudamerikanischer Spinnen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 525 - 558." type="journal article" year="1907">Strand, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFF62FCE5FEB3FC31" bold="true" box="[224,359,889,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73C5D6CFF62FCE5FEB5FC31" box="[224,353,889,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73C5D6CFEECFCE6FD52FC31" authority="(Strand, 1908)" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Strand." baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[366,646,889,915]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septifer" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFEECFCE6FE09FC31" box="[366,477,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">T. septifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73C5D6CFE6EFCE5FDAAFC31" author="Strand, E." box="[492,638,889,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="453 - 488" refId="ref9847" refString="Strand, E. (1908) Arachniden aus Madagaskar, gesammelt von Herrn Walter Kaudern. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 26, 453 - 488." type="journal article" year="1908">Strand, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFD0FFCE5FCDAFC31" bold="true" box="[653,782,889,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73C5D6CFD0FFCE5FCDAFC31" box="[653,782,889,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FC02FE20FB85" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFF45FC02FE58FC1A" bold="true" box="[199,396,925,952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Nothing is known so far about the natural history of species of this new genus. No information on labels were available either.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73C5D6CFDB2FC5FFD16FC7F" author="Roger, J." box="[560,706,963,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="105 - 132" refId="ref9421" refString="Roger, J. (2018) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago: bibliographical synthesis and new field observations. Serket, 16 (3), 105 - 132." type="journal article" year="2018">Roger (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 20d) published a photo of a spider most likely belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0FB4D3CF73C5D6CFF15FC7BFEC5FBA3" authority="Jäger, 2020" authorityName="Jäger" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,273,999,1025]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Thunberga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFF15FC7BFEC5FBA3" box="[151,273,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Thunberga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFE9BFC74FE56FBA0" bold="true" box="[281,386,1000,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EBC57D6F73C5D6CFE9BFC74FE56FBA0" box="[281,386,1000,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
If so, it might well be that those spiders are nocturnal hunters in the foliage (Roger mentions ylang-ylang trees in Combani).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FE16534F73C5D6CFF45FBACFD99FBD3" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="374436BFF73C5D6CFF45FBACFD99FBD3" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="058FEAADF73C5D6CFF45FBACFEB5FBE9" bold="true" box="[199,353,1072,1099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FEC762FF73C5D6CFEEAFBADFE3BFBE9" box="[360,495,1073,1099]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and neighbouring islands (St. Marie, Nosy Be) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFC02A3AF73C5D6CFB92FBADFBB0FBE9" box="[1040,1124,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1746,1771]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,181,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[216,1371,181,1721]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 47. Map of Madagascar with currently known localities of Thunberga spp.: red circles—T. nossibeensis comb. nov., yellow square—T. malagassa comb. nov., blue square—T. septifer comb. nov., green triangles—T. greta spec. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3889502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3889502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
), most likely occurring also on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FEC762FF73C5D6CFF38FBCAFEC3FBD2" box="[186,279,1110,1136]" name="Mayotte" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="536A4B4EF73C5D6CFED1FBCAFE0EFBD2" author="Roger, J." box="[339,474,1110,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="105 - 132" refId="ref9421" refString="Roger, J. (2018) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago: bibliographical synthesis and new field observations. Serket, 16 (3), 105 - 132." type="journal article" year="2018">Roger 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 20d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |