590 lines
80 KiB
XML
590 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document id="D8EBA7EB4C605D1872B16E8462C88B3E" ID-CLB-Dataset="34540" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.518.9564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="04b85a26-219f-4760-9d98-e512c16d8e7a" ID-PMC="PMC4591595" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-518-15" ID-PubMed="26448699" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-518-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 518" ModsDocTitle="Redescriptions of Nereisoligohalina (Rioja, 1946) and N.garwoodi González-Escalante & Salazar-Vallejo, 2003 and description of N.confusa sp. n. (Annelida, Nereididae)" checkinTime="1451244026281" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Conde-Vela, Victor M. & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2015" docId="BF4F5769600C5B4A45E2D42418B9F136" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 518: 15-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 518" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.518.9564" docTitle="Nereis oligohalina Rioja 1946" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="B244FF83FFE6FFCAFFC5FFE05B76FFCC" masterDocTitle="Redescriptions of Nereisoligohalina (Rioja, 1946) and N. garwoodi Gonzalez-Escalante & Salazar-Vallejo, 2003 and description of N. confusa sp. n. (Annelida, Nereididae)" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1732803777943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E3DDD98ED6C657F2F8A09497F2A6060A">Redescriptions of Nereisoligohalina (Rioja, 1946) and N. garwoodi Gonzalez-Escalante & Salazar-Vallejo, 2003 and description of N. confusa sp. n. (Annelida, Nereididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E072849EC24FCFFFB0922F2B6CC82F1E">Conde-Vela, Victor M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5BF194B8C0D008EC6953956DBC93297D">Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1FB131A6E5564D9AA2C2F38BE255EF90">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FDDD87A0E98C51604649B50A8028D795">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="76F78A1395901452A3A7E3C92D51FBAC">518</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C19687FAA5852D81AD83A1AD6A099CAC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F23D307A39F5F488F04FF608E0BAE608" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.518.9564</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF265D40AF1FE13328800C9E719D2BDB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-518-15</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BF4F5769600C5B4A45E2D42418B9F136" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF4F5769600C5B4A45E2D42418B9F136" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF4F5769600C5B4A45E2D42418B9F136" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" scope_family="Nereididae" scope_phylum="Annelida">
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<subSubSection id="10D10F134A0BEE8CDD42118E7F6698AA" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C3485A10B6039F8F0DF21E0D643FBB44" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taxon classification Animalia Phyllodocida Nereididae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="40CF9738228563AE1A2D457E2FE087C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="409620669F410E54D167AB96B5FC3812" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="3BF5E8564EDF721A35621CB525121CE1" ID-CoL="474RM" authority="Rioja, 1946" authorityName="Rioja" authorityYear="1946" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina (Rioja, 1946)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1, 2, 6A, D,
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<normalizedToken id="F81AB88A93115316E2541E536A7507B0" originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
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||
, O, Q
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AF31423E5B4279F6D2F2F6745579BCC" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="EA1F35887015CE50E43F5917CBF31BAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="778172A5C76903AC228AA28657C057B0" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanthes oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Neanthes oligohalina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="119F51AF94C0265533ED3C6C96721A2C" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="205 - 214" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 15. Nereidos de agua salobre de los esteros del litoral del Golfo de Mexico." volume="17" year="1946">Rioja 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 207-210, pl. 1, figs 3-6, pl. 2, figs 13-19;
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<bibRefCitation id="82653F77823EDC33FB77D9AADFF5973B" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="247 - 266" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 19. Observaciones sobre algunos nereidos de las costas de Mexico." volume="28" year="1947">1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 529, 531;
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<bibRefCitation id="3DBB1C17ADAC0DF20AA2F0DA2886DC08" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="289 - 316" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 24. Adiciones a la fauna de anelidos poliquetos de las costas orientales de Mexico." volume="31" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 295.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="27284BA8D9483DA2E4DEA07F4998E501" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="DCCD6DF7BA1CABA64D05022F4CD2995E" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="5EBD8804DA8194978AAAAFCE4D7C232A" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Institute of Marine Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="7 - 124" title="The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="2" year="1951">Hartman 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 46;
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<bibRefCitation id="642675B681E26C05A9AA189C4E602FBE" author="Hartman, O" editor="Galtsoff, PS" journalOrPublisher="Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="413 - 417" title="Polychaetous annelids of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="Volume 55" volumeTitle="Gulf of Mexico. Its Origin, Waters, and Marine Life." year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 414.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EE4D2B384567F74232EEBB2939ECA77" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="01D6E36A4EAC5FA44408BA9BB965ABE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B638132F060748D937C5A308172A9A4" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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Veracruz, Mexico. Neotype ECOSUR 0172 and paraneotypes ECOSUR 0173 (5), mouth of Actopan River (
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<geoCoordinate id="05F72D6033ECF83B624E265A3CBA68FF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.417486">19°25'2.95"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F7E6CC2A9D162BD509865C27A2FEA941" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.32563">96°19'32.28"W</geoCoordinate>
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), Chachalacas Sandbar, Gulf of Mexico, 1 m depth, on
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<taxonomicName id="8CA1477D79C23AA31B624B22F61EBA2D" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
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reef, fine sediment, April 10 2012, Coll. V.M. Conde-Vela, A.E.
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<normalizedToken id="943F7F0146E389AE60E8FECCF871AA9D" originalValue="Te-Gómez">Te-Gomez</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8926AD86C06BE02EA44454879BDDE338" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="876A7257C6D5BAC12226061702A9D391" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A96C0322B6F79FB688D6741B6E2CFB3" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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Veracruz, Mexico. ECOSUR P2826 (15), and ECOSUR P2827 (37), Mouth of Actopan River (
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<geoCoordinate id="B75393E6F1D9C2CB1ECECE05A544EFD8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.417486">19°25'2.95"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="32D475C83CD28B1D60613C5DA8364F22" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.32563">96°19'32.28"W</geoCoordinate>
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), Chachalacas Sandbar, Gulf of Mexico, 1 m depth, on
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<taxonomicName id="135C6E92F33B1870B85A345801C76A45" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
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reef, fine sediment, April 10 2012, Coll. C. Licona-Rosado, V.M. Conde-Vela, A.E.
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<normalizedToken id="59385910A0D61AA319847D63E4CAEFEB" originalValue="Te-Gómez">Te-Gomez</normalizedToken>
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. ECOSUR P2828 (1) Laguna de Alvarado, St. 8 (
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<geoCoordinate id="242A3BE68E79958C6C49DDABD628EA2F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.75565">18°45'20.34"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0092E9F887A2E81F335AA1975DF52431" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.774734">95°46'29.04"W</geoCoordinate>
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), December 6 2012, in rocks, Coll. J.M. Aguilar-Camacho. ECOSUR-OH-P0760 (23), Las Barrillas, St. 4 (
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<geoCoordinate id="CBB521F8BDEC1DBD71709E585645CB7C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.18893">18°11'20.15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E26329945F275FDBDFD2E56F4A524D23" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.59916">94°35'56.97"W</geoCoordinate>
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), December 5 2012, on
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<taxonomicName id="6372B9F4848EBF478F76CB951DF92877" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
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culture, Coll. J.
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<normalizedToken id="39568A922EA6E06DF5C6D72CCAFCC78C" originalValue="Cruz-Terrón">Cruz-Terron</normalizedToken>
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. ECOSUR-OH-P0761 (15), Laguna Grande, Mandinga, St. 28 (
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<geoCoordinate id="11F26D72B8AD674116D73CB7B5183E20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.031933">19°1'54.96"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="91589F4687B170D753B378C7EFFAC716" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.06892">96°4'8.10"W</geoCoordinate>
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), December 10 2012, on oyster, 11.41‰, 27.24 °C, Coll. T.F. Villalobos-Guerrero, MA.
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<normalizedToken id="B058D1839FFDB443D5BC04A0BD8F08D0" originalValue="Tovar-Hernández">Tovar-Hernandez</normalizedToken>
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, J.M. Aguilar-Camacho. ECOSUR-OH-P0762 (3), Laguna Grande, Mandinga, St. 26 (
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<geoCoordinate id="B0F6CBC3377E539A978075AA59E5BFA2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.039066">
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19°2'20.64
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<normalizedToken id="1EF4209B17519A2526A05E5AF4DE8A8C" originalValue="’’">''</normalizedToken>
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N
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="5619055A72AC2491D477EAE8BBD68648" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.0734">96°4'24.24"W</geoCoordinate>
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), December 10 2012, on mangrove and oyster, 10.74 ‰, 26.63 °C, Coll. J.M. Aguilar-Camacho, T.F.Villalobos-Guerrero. UANL-3918 (6), Estero Casitas, Nautla, March 25 1990, Coll. A. Contreras-Arquieta.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AB86143E097A44846BF084F81F811FF" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="neotype locality">
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<paragraph id="002D8E9F893B5AA563B07DDB9BA3BDC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Neotype locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="94FA08CD9726313F46232FD39E6EBF7B" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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Mouth of Actopan River (
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<geoCoordinate id="972F80CFAC4E15E41E6297E52FE4E1E8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.417486">19°25'2.95"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0DAF40A186097DFF133785970FB679D5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.32563">96°19'32.28"W</geoCoordinate>
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), Gulf of Mexico, in
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<taxonomicName id="46E48407436084C0FE03E59366D1D41D" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
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(Gmelin) reef, in muddy sediment, 1 m depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B8FF567286256D6942906FADE0BEB52" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A72FA694AE031558D7AB9E9F32587221" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA5F97AFB8061A3F9BC227A91DD290A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Neotype complete (ECOSUR 0172), atokous female. Body tapering, 38 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, 74 chaetigers, filled with oocytes. Body yellowish, reddish brown pigmentation present dorsally on first quarter of body, discoloring towards midbody chaetigers; lateral oblique pale lines along chaetigers 1-9 (Fig. 1A), replaced by fingerprint-like lines from chaetiger 10 (Fig. 6L), anterior margin of segments with thin transverse band (Fig. 1A). Prostomium with pigmentation reddish brown along inner half of palps and around eyes; two broad hourglass-shaped lines extending from antennae towards eyes, separated by a thin pale line and two oval patches, one on each side of darker areas (Fig. 1A). Peristomium pigmented, pale lines present (Fig. 1A).</paragraph>
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<caption id="D3A61CDD5CCEEA632158E60877F803E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph id="3A3D7942138AECC72C3D853E9FFF71F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="54840978D7E0D1D4725BAB1C4AD53400" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
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. Neotype female
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<normalizedToken id="EAB7CCCF43CFA84D0FF047E267F611A3" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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(ECOSUR 0172); paraneotypes
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<normalizedToken id="1437636FDB53D826CA5DFD869341D319" originalValue="H–O">H-O</normalizedToken>
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(ECOSUR 0173). A Anterior end, dorsal view B Posterior end, dorsal view C Parapodium 2, anterior view D Parapodium 10, anterior view E Parapodium 46, anterior view F Parapodium 64, anterior view G Left jaw, dorsal view H Supra-acicular homogomph spiniger, parapodium 40 I Sub-acicular heterogomph spiniger, from same J Supra-acicular homogomph spiniger, from same K Notopodial homogomph falciger, from same L Supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, parapodium 28 M Sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, from same N Notopodial homogomph spiniger, parapodium 40 O Sub-acicular heterogomph spiniger, from same. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B, G); 50
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<normalizedToken id="49FE2E1DB8AD2E4D3CA9C60BDFA7C1AF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(C); 0.1 mm (
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<normalizedToken id="D5A4183D1735D79BCE6DF982465E79EB" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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); 10
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<normalizedToken id="01AC548B3E81A2FC253F08F106805D21" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="B37A0D6A254CF0454AE5F6701DCFBAAB" originalValue="H–M">H-M</normalizedToken>
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); 30
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<normalizedToken id="AAF91411E1563714FBB252A0B8E9FFB8" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(N, O).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C8446BF90A0F5F615B6B8CCE8ED47C24" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Prostomium 1.5 times longer than wide; antennae cirriform, slightly passing palps; eyes subequal, black, in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 1A). Peristomium three times longer than first chaetiger; tentacular cirri with short ceratophores; dorsal cirri longer than ventral ones, longest posterodorsal cirri reaching chaetiger 6 (Fig. 1A).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F625D7886CE5F39656B874E55945BDAE" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Pharynx dissected; jaws light brown with 11 rounded teeth, extending to base (Fig. 1G). Maxillary ring: I = 12 cones in triangle, II = 32-31 cones in arc, III = 50 cones in an ellipse, IV = 34-32 cones in arc. Oral ring: V = 1 cone, VI = 4-4 pyramids in diamond, VII-VIII = 42 in two irregular rows, P-bars alternating with small pyramids in anterior-most row, similar-sized pyramids alternating in posterior-most row (in everted pharynx).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5AAFBE4B241E391C0A568F2477E51BE9" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Parapodial cirri pattern: Dorsal cirri longer than upper dorsal ligules throughout body; basally inserted on anterior region, displaced medially on midbody and posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri shorter than neuropodial ligules throughout body, longer in few anterior chaetigers, basally inserted on anterior region, progressively distant throughout body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E479F5E81ED15A793944F9A17FFFED73" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">First two chaetigers uniramous, remaining ones biramous. Uniramous parapodia (Fig. 1C) with dorsal cirri basal, slightly longer than dorsal ligules. Dorsal ligules digitate; neuroacicular ligules subconical, subequal to dorsal ones; neuropodial ventral ligules digitate, slightly longer and basally twice as broad as dorsal ones. Ventral cirri slightly shorter than neuropodial ventral ligules; both dorsal and ventral cirri with similar width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B23C29FA08FA343D1CA8994A6380EF10" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">In anterior parapodia (Fig. 1D), dorsal cirri medial, slightly longer than notopodial dorsal ligules, extending beyond their tips. Notopodial dorsal ligules subconical; subequal to ventral ones; notopodial ventral ligules globose, notoacicular papillae conspicuous. Neuroacicular ligules globose, postchaetal lobes rounded, slightly shorter than neuroacicular ligules; neuropodial ventral ligules digitate, slightly shorter than neuroacicular ones. Ventral cirri shorter than neuropodial ligules; both dorsal and ventral cirri with similar width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2AECB125AAC970DB28A30B464E98B669" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">In middle and posterior parapodia (Fig. 1E, F), dorsal cirri medial, slightly shorter than notopodial dorsal ligules. Notopodial dorsal and ventral ligules subequal, subconical, longer than wide, notoacicular papillae conspicuous in middle parapodia only. Neuroacicular ligules subconical, wider than long, postchaetal lobes rounded, about half as long as neuroacicular ligules; neuropodial ventral ligules digitate, 3-4 times longer than wide, medially attached to neuroacicular ligules, 2-3 times longer than them. Ventral cirri half as long or one-third as long as neuropodial ventral ligules; dorsal and ventral cirri with similar width. Glandular masses slightly conspicuous on ligules in posterior parapodia (Figs 1F, 6Q).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C851A08F5E38591EA59F4A87DDA945D" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">In anterior and midbody parapodia notochaetae homogomph spinigers; neurochaetae homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in supra-acicular fascicles, heterogomph spinigers and falcigers in sub-acicular fascicles. In posterior parapodia, notochaetae homogomph spinigers and falcigers; neurochaetae as in anterior parapodia. Chaetae decreasing rapidly in number toward posterior end.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="068C0CFE2598FD67B428ED8011C9F3EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Notopodial homogomph spinigers pectinate (i.e. blade narrow with parallel teeth), teeth decreasing distally (Fig. 1N). Notopodial homogomph falcigers with sigmoidal blade, pectinate, distal tooth recurved, fused to blade (Fig. 1K). Neuropodial homogomph spinigers pectinate (Fig. 1H) or basally serrated (i.e. blade small with coarse teeth) (Fig. 1J), heterogomph spinigers pectinate (Fig. 1I); spinigers of similar size, teeth decreasing in size distally (Fig. 1N, O). Neuropodial heterogomph falcigers pectinate, distal tooth recurved, fused to blade, supra-acicular falcigers slightly broader than sub-acicular ones (Fig. 1L, M).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5415FAE970ABF400D18843524DB82B0" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Pygidium not modified; anal cirri cirriform, as long as last 5-6 chaetigers (Fig. 1B).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="128977773E4E3BFE1880163AA8F1AFF2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="epitokes">
|
||
<paragraph id="B18D57AFDD7AB1C26AD77B15D1444F46" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Epitokes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A02F8AD62ABF13100C2BEB80DC16BC9" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Male fully transformed (ECOSUR-OH-P0761) complete; body tapering, 9 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 57 chaetigers. Partially transformed male (ECOSUR P2827) complete; body tapering, 38 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, 57 chaetigers. Partially transformed female (ECOSUR P2827) complete; body tapering, 20 mm long, 1.6 mm width, 55 chaetigers. All with body yellowish with brown pigmentation present dorsally on first quarter of body, discoloring towards midbody chaetigers; faint lateral lines (Fig. 2A, D, E). Prostomium with pigmentation as in atokes, but less intense (Fig. 2B).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D836C4B711FF51DD4D506833DCDF98EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="16C657B26084C2B9947009B1F8E54DCF" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5706DEB5A516239F069416D7A5A6183D" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Non-type male
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C673481B52C2F61AE3D1965265BA6E44" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CFE6E9EF9BBD094CCC72A36817D1666B" originalValue="F–J">F-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
, N (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89ACB3BA59D7B546B74955DF4C477F92" originalValue="ECOSUR–OH–P">ECOSUR-OH-P</normalizedToken>
|
||
0761); non-type partially transformed male D,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F7D419E21A337B3045153671BEFA8D1E" originalValue="L–M">L-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
(ECOSUR P2827); non-type partially transformed female E, K (ECOSUR P2827). A Whole specimen, dorsal view B Anterior end, dorsal view C Posterior end, dorsal view D, E Anterior ends, dorsal view F Parapodium 1, anterior view G Parapodium 6, anterior view H Parapodium 10, frontal view I Parapodium 18, anterior view J Parapodium 31, anterior view K Parapodium 10, anterior view L Parapodium 24, anterior view M Parapodium 52, anterior view N Sesquigomph natatory chaetae, parapodium 31. Scale bars: 1 mm (A,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="239D17074461FB05FAC105FACEED0661" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
); 0.5 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.1 mm (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8584A321EBB0D16B984090D20DF47B59" originalValue="F–M">F-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="661B6266CE69D698088B608A48C9F904" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(N).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F4C116513405AD60399498C9A6BFAC8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="E1DA12AA79C65D8925A32A5B598A7FB3" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" start="start">Prostomium</pageBreakToken>
|
||
longer than wide; antennae cirriform, slightly wider than those present in atokous female, as long as palps; eyes subequal, two (Fig. 2D) or three times (Fig. 2B) larger than antennal basal width, black, in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 2B, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E41707F088F5A0FBC9D2E7FF5AFD0DC" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Peristomium twice as long as first chaetiger, slightly pigmented; tentacular cirri present; dorsal tentacular cirri longer than ventral ones, posterodorsal ones reaching to chaetiger 10 (Fig. 2B, D).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A1EC56F007F4A2F8D811DF196804F21A" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fully transformed male with pharynx everted, jaws amber with 10 teeth, inner edge toothed throughout. Maxillary ring: I = 8 cones in triangle, II = 30-32 cones in arc, III: 40 cones in rectangle, IV: 28-28 pointed cones in arc. Oral ring: V = 1 cone, VI: 4-4 pyramids in diamond, VII-VIII: 46 in two irregular rows, pyramids alternating with small cones in most-anterior row, pyramids with similar size alternating in most-posterior row.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06329A586233DE27054D6913F7BB08FD" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Male body divided into two regions (Fig. 2A). Pre-natatory region includes chaetigers 1-16, natatory region from chaetiger 17 to end of body. Partially transformed female divided into two inconspicuous regions, parapodial lamellae visible from chaetiger 24.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7D52E7958B34D8C1EA589504BBAD22A" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Parapodial cirri pattern: Anterior parapodia with dorsal cirri modified in chaetigers 1-7 in males, 1-5 in females; ventral cirri modified in chaetigers 1-5 in males, 1-4 in females; modification attenuated in females. Dorsal cirri subequal to upper dorsal ligules in anterior chaetigers, slightly longer throughout body; basally inserted in anterior-most region, displaced medially toward end of body. Ventral cirri shorter than neuropodial ventral ligules in unmodified chaetigers, subequal in modified region; basally inserted in anterior region, barely displacing ventrally throughout body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24C7BD7A7B7AE35A02EE94FFBD6EB185" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Chaetigers 1-2 uniramous (Fig. 2F); modified dorsal cirri basal, subpyriform (i.e. basally broad, medially broader, distally narrow), slightly longer than dorsal ligules. Dorsal and neuropodial ventral ligule subequal, subconical. Neuroacicular ligule subconical, much shorter than ventral one; postchaetal lobes rounded. Modified ventral cirri subpyriform, subequal to neuropodial ventral ligule; both dorsal and ventral cirri with similar width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A9940C1A897215D602E6A313E0C5BE7" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Chaetigers 3-7 in males (Fig. 2G) and 3-5 in females, with slightly modified biramous parapodia. Modified dorsal cirri medial, cattail-like (i.e. basal section broad, long; cirrostyle markedly narrower), slightly longer than notopodial dorsal ligules, extending beyond them; basal section 2-3 longer than distal one. Notopodial dorsal ligules subconical, subequal to notopodial ventral one; notopodial ventral ligule subconical, notoacicular papilla conspicuous. Neuroacicular ligule subconical, postchaetal lobe rounded, shorter than neuroacicular ligule; neuropodial ventral ligule digitate, as long as neuroacicular one (Fig. 2G). Modified ventral cirri cattail-like, subulate in chaetigers 6-7 in males and 5 in females, shorter than neuropodial ventral ligules; modified dorsal and ventral cirrus with similar width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CAA5B896F881B05FC67805D05349A775" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Chaetigers 8-16 in males and 6-23 in females with parapodial proportions as in atokes, but with more acute ligules (Fig. 2H).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="48EF5FA2BC62DCA2780CBBE7F0864F7E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Remaining parapodia biramous, modified (Fig. 2I, J, L, M). Dorsal cirri medial, subulate, ventral margins sinuate in males only, longer than notopodial ligules; ba
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="1AACF743F364646DAB974F39316EB8F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" start="start">sal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
lamellae small, smallest in females, progressively smaller toward posterior region. Notopodial dorsal and ventral ligules subequal, subconical, notoacicular papillae conspicuous; ventral ligules with lamellae without projections along ventral margins. Neuroacicular ligules subconical, subequal to notopodial ventral ones; postchaetal lobes developing into flabellate lamellae, increasing in size posteriorly, decreasing in posterior-most chaetigers, some with slight projections in dorsal or ventral edge; neuropodial ventral ligules digitate, medially attached to neuroacicular ones. Ventral cirri subulate, subequal to neuroacicular ligules, with two basal lamellae of different sizes; dorsal cirri wider than ventral ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C99109ACDBE545AF35BA65353B0B0481" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Prenatatory region with noto- and neurochaeta as in atokes, homogomph falcigers not observed, blades missing in most chaetae, number progressively reduced. In natatory region, noto- and neurochaetae sesquigomph chaetae with finely serrated, paddle-like blades (Fig. 2N).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0C13EE185A877B4CEB61333C84CFB11" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">In fully transformed males pygidium with anus surrounded by rosette of papillae (Fig. 2C); anal cirri sinuous, as long as last 5-6 chaetigers (Fig. 2C).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4883218289F3BDF06958820F26FFA21E" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Transformation in females discrete; small lamellae on base of dorsal cirri, neuroacicular ligules and ventral cirri (Fig. 2K); size of lamellae increasing toward posterior end and becoming inconspicuous in far posterior chaetigers; other features as in atokous female.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F599F06D4EA500DA500DE512AA448468" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B15D5A327943D9E2FD354132D76EFC5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F823F5C76F03F72E3A4C1A2D25A0CF2" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The results of the analysis of body variation and paragnath numbers are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The effect of fixation techniques on the shape of specimens have been recently evaluated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E696D88E3E617E0C9C5996BDCE3B964C" author="Oliveira, VM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia (Curitiba)" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="146 - 150" title="Morphological variations caused by fixation techniques may lead to taxonomic confusion in Laeonereis (Polychaeta: Nereididae)." url="10.1590/S1984-46702010000100022" volume="27" year="2010">Oliveira et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="602EDD76B0C3EB752E659C3F87D8F2B5" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Laeonereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeonereis acuta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="acuta">Laeonereis acuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Treadwell, 1923). The authors concluded that techniques of fixation can influence the shape and body proportions, especially if specimens were not previously relaxed, leading to erroneous identifications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="23428003BFAC058BFA95CB85D6A66B9E" ID-Table-UUID="23428003BFAC058BFA95CB85D6A66B9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/23428003BFAC058BFA95CB85D6A66B9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="3914AD945BC3D2362E6DB3249A921164" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Table 1. Ranges, means and standard deviation of some body measures in three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E53818EADD6F2645CBE52A9FD27E7E17" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Nereis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (TL: total length, L3 and L10: length at chaetiger 3 and 10, respectively; W3 and W10: width at chaetiger 3 and 10, respectively; nC: number of chaetigers; rTC: reach of largest tentacular cirrus; SD: standard deviation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="850FA8FB168C279EF1C4D1F82AE04913" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<table id="4F23922520FBBE29EFB06DFB34FB6709" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<tr id="F4DBFFB498B57C81BCED223BCF6C560A" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<th id="D8010E0442C7729EEE9AB2B15DC43A9E" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A80D1E6406BDDBCE16E85E225DAF456" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="3F5E0AF31F0F875D0C1461EF92180138" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">TL</th>
|
||
<th id="84F0A50621AA9949D08B0A15118FEBD8" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
L
|
||
<sub id="54CE1A773B788E00047AC618F46522D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">3</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0A392BBDAD53FA3D8B8562EF241AB1C1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
L
|
||
<sub id="7CE8050DECA193FD68618C7135DD21C3" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">10</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="9600E1B4F139444F3DF89875EE5325A1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
W
|
||
<sub id="4AB86E3C10429139B8D097467CC60CA8" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">3</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="D1B6466C89068CB555A2A66632DAC90C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
W
|
||
<sub id="28232C1728B4B5B93A22C2AEBDA596DD" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">10</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="3B6CD3C0AA1B786014FF96B625469097" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">nC</th>
|
||
<th id="4CB86416B6563A1A3A1302A017EBBE3F" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">rTC</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="631B053CAB721EF96FCD5A28454D6C17" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<td id="E1721CEF8DFBF50F22C89613CF9ED5E6" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94F51477CA8FF2DBF49AF5EB16EF73D6" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis garwoodi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="garwoodi">Nereis garwoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C82E305C065563BAF260EFDF434BCFE4" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
<td id="EDA7C5DA2152442E90B495C95077C5EE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">L3</td>
|
||
<td id="DB6F853FD6A7E2811CFB9D009B35E919" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">L10</td>
|
||
<td id="4C7E169596E0D990B7004ABD654AA83C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">W3</td>
|
||
<td id="63E8A64FE80ABBF378DC6463C6C138C2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">W10</td>
|
||
<td id="75120DE6DADABF115363E7E600E9C426" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">nC</td>
|
||
<td id="81998B3F5CC68E4922CED977D8D42C02" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">rTC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="41EE63E68C207326708B238CBE3D31B2" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<td id="CDAA112173103FAF9747C640C3E80E90" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="388FD1D3CE97A7CD3E31D2FBAE76C9B9" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis confusa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="confusa">Nereis confusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="193400D58E46D7E39110F9A985BC60C2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
<td id="5C7DB14E0C36A3760B54D6212BAF6718" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">L3</td>
|
||
<td id="5EF45436590008008CDEC53B9A3C7551" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">L10</td>
|
||
<td id="5C0FCE4A8874CC034D551DF9D7E8CD4D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">W3</td>
|
||
<td id="FE3BEE57C4B873BE9D4307A09D8D5775" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">W10</td>
|
||
<td id="958341C1A8E1672E8EF26C11CCCBB929" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">nC</td>
|
||
<td id="7FE453D5B481DC1FD3845B61A9F21DBC" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">rTC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C1AF66BE82DBA7EEB7CB713C883C7AA7" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="985DB4FDFD29B15E4132DDD99E5C7F0D" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Table 2. Ranges, means and standard deviations (SD) in number of paragnaths in three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1CF898DCC78A7635862AE66DCE20086" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Nereis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (r: right, l: left).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9000469B7366AF6F5EA035068611BA8F" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<table id="5EF6768793D28DDFB2B4C2E39380397E" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<tr id="D293ED847C3DD5DD896C9D2053D68EAF" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<th id="66C856158402363198141985644E2D96" colspan="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Pharynx areas</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F12B54DBDEA9E2F78769678D0320B183" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<td id="34183115B527C70429764C98C8596F9F" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24DB30B4F5E28E1BCFD3E3784EE6D41C" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=27)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A955A7B41EEBF51022F33350AB9B9C5A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">I</td>
|
||
<td id="85F207454DD1ECF501334833EA602D60" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">II-r</td>
|
||
<td id="ED8F2718602BF015C9AD50D1D2C755AC" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">II-l</td>
|
||
<td id="36EAF29079457FB41037621B8C7C16BF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">III</td>
|
||
<td id="42D9B9F0337BDB5A486FE2A9B81EB6E3" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">IV-r</td>
|
||
<td id="00B5943CE0D9A68330DCD2EA083627BC" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">IV-l</td>
|
||
<td id="1D754CFE6DA983508B46C7B0469F706A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">V</td>
|
||
<td id="F2827AD049FC0F5AD742D406CB692844" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">VI-r</td>
|
||
<td id="09379BC8FF22EF9403ECDF64AA2B4F20" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">VI-l</td>
|
||
<td id="C81B54AB5617D83C4DDD252B1ACB1035" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D4BFD467C21D351D75131CF9428DFD5" originalValue="VII–VIII">VII-VIII</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1ECD2FFA33E5BDEBBE50DA82E2B73C8F" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<td id="45A579D790F79CAE007A377FC3978A16" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E60915B73066823B821D60A3346FE42A" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis garwoodi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="garwoodi">Nereis garwoodi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=29)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="D4C4C4DB979CADCACCE4711275EE2E79" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">I</td>
|
||
<td id="1D2FBFEFE5496DDC13A0B32B35393B92" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">II-r</td>
|
||
<td id="489D29DE66A0E45C3E669BAD998449E8" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">II-l</td>
|
||
<td id="B30E6647DB263165FF45996FC943E0D3" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">III</td>
|
||
<td id="1B879F3C72BB6845CC677760F8ECA197" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">IV-r</td>
|
||
<td id="06117D9AB889064FCE46DCA22BBDF89D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">IV-l</td>
|
||
<td id="C35BE0314ADC01C3F60951FCEBF2D547" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">V</td>
|
||
<td id="F317EEBF84F59DC7B120C9A5BF6E354E" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">VI-r</td>
|
||
<td id="960E25C27FD07074EF07E6595DE090BF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">VI-l</td>
|
||
<td id="04DF38200EDE47FA6E4C7ECEED527386" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3DDB03BBCFB73DCBAB7656EAD07085E" originalValue="VII–VIII">VII-VIII</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="607CE3999DAFDBD385BC1A72CA2FD189" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<td id="5153151C1397770DDEC964849FC5E263" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A2FF9DF224208AAD62AD27ED62C91A6" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis confusa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="confusa">Nereis confusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (n=30)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5473073247968B0A607F7C1C30AC9F55" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">I</td>
|
||
<td id="D0BA2CEFC0A2707665D2DC23188729A5" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">II-r</td>
|
||
<td id="AC618BE95910DED79726D486D5345822" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">II-l</td>
|
||
<td id="3A2D4F2D0E3AEEF1E2BF7F4767A26A7A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">III</td>
|
||
<td id="B711452C24973E3DA00D6EBF0BCA6A7B" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">IV-r</td>
|
||
<td id="7EB26B7601EF83E595E282AB063A14FB" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">IV-l</td>
|
||
<td id="A0982C563F87A0D743E2558634200C55" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">V</td>
|
||
<td id="6B176B32D93D17E8A425FF3FE2BAE176" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">VI-r</td>
|
||
<td id="C0EFBCD09E991B13DA112A41B347C082" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">VI-l</td>
|
||
<td id="4E9568624AD19AC0835CB7CC9061CE0C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB4AB4EAC9F12D172121519B9A2770D6" originalValue="VII–VIII">VII-VIII</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F4410E6CE8C6042CA05370A2F9D581E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F99B127E67EE9BDC48467F0D2BE88C71" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixation with 96% ethanol clearly affected the anterior portion of specimens with strong contraction of first segments, hence the tentacular cirri can reach more posterior chaetigers but without modifying their lengths, reaching up to chaetiger 14 (Table 1). Differences are not significant for L10, W3 and W10 (P =>0.05), but significant for L3 and rTC (P = <0.001, P = <0.0001). Maximum rTC for formalin specimens was preferred for the identification key because the data were less variable (Table 1). Nevertheless, these differences would not cause misidentification, because parapodial topology is not affected appreciably. Also pigmentation is very useful for recognizing the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62FF370F22CD4C19BA4E507091CF692" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
||
In the maxillary ring, area I showed the least variation (Fig. 6J), and in oral ring areas V and VI rarely vary in one paragnath only (Fig. 6K), such that these areas can be regarded as the most stable ones. The fingerprint-like pattern starts in chaetigers 10-11 (Fig. 6L); it is size-independent, but in smaller specimens this pattern is faint; however, as shown below it is absent in the two other species. The divergence between parapodial rami reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21C026B4624DEACAE02B4BF875DD9C9F" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="205 - 214" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 15. Nereidos de agua salobre de los esteros del litoral del Golfo de Mexico." volume="17" year="1946">Rioja (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is evident in posterior chaetigers but only in some specimens, forming a furrow (Fig. 6O). Glandular masses appear more visible and also on neuropodial ligules (Fig. 6Q); perhaps these glands fade in specimens fixed with formalin, such as the type material. In mature specimens, the natatory region starts in chaetiger 15-17 in males, and 24-25 in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="82AD97AABAE8547C9574D4323A198310" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="30E2CCADE9CE9816EBB203C3AD20352A" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D97E465ED297E28952EFA1841A5DA89B" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E42514019F29968D051C0DB9783F4B7A" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F146FA98E3D0CCA7959490EE792D1DC" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rioja, 1946) is considered as a widespread species and even amphiamerican, but this stems from taxonomic confusion and the lack of type material. Designation of a neotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F409C5D0158921E49DFB9B9B4E4C1FF" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered necessary because there are no type specimens and being a problematic species, there must be an objective definition for it (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D8D5608C2D0E551570AAFA250278B6B" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.1). Consequently, a neotype has been selected, described and illustrated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="889EE2C594FEB0D2EBFDC654FD193FF2" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.3); this neotype fits the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9486D75F0E2329043486F3844774DA43" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="205 - 214" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 15. Nereidos de agua salobre de los esteros del litoral del Golfo de Mexico." volume="17" year="1946">Rioja (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05E901ABEE57783F5B4663E70E2544B5" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Art. 75.3.5). Because Rioja did not designate holotype, his material became syntypes and the species had two type localities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED27CE9BB70037BDAEFACA4770F4CC31" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Art. 73.2.3, 76.1): Estero de Larios, Tecolutla, and El Cocal, Estero Casitas, both in Veracruz, Mexico. Although topotypic specimens from Estero Casitas are available, they are in poor condition, and therefore better specimens collected from nearby Actopan River were preferred once they were shown to conform to the same species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5623B683ECCB659CC4FA9E1636DC831D" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Recomm. 75A). The proposed neotype was collected in a similar environment and on oysters, as the original specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3AC38D36139F27F980EE6452B8D57FE2" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.6); but the neotype locality is modified accordingly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D1B52F9C982CA1BB6BD3FC356160404" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 76.3). The neotype was deposited in ECOSUR (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE566347A573A0B95BA74588B6C4D8CD" author="Hoagland, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (The Natural History Museum), London" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.7), including
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AA5B4FDA2D28BF35F5F81E122B91358" originalValue="‘paraneotypes’">'paraneotypes'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and part of the additional material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E74C1E68BF36C24C7B9C52FB621E6E8D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CF6AE00516C07D67BB61E66D158B6F" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanthes oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Neanthes oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rioja, 1946 was correctly transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E6B240FC3C6B6D0F52691B4DE04F1D6" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Nereis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E6CE0704CEA12378634EA60F8BB36DCF" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Institute of Marine Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="7 - 124" title="The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="2" year="1951">Hartman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because there are notopodial homogomph falcigers in posterior chaetigers.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E35FF8C4E34B9CE3EBED7D413F7168C" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Institute of Marine Science" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="7 - 124" title="The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="2" year="1951">
|
||
Hart
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="99EADF1ED04B9071069ED4DFEE273051" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" start="start">man</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(1951
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1EA7FEC342F9A8B662EFAB9A93065540" author="Hartman, O" editor="Galtsoff, PS" journalOrPublisher="Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="413 - 417" title="Polychaetous annelids of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="Volume 55" volumeTitle="Gulf of Mexico. Its Origin, Waters, and Marine Life." year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38746BDA3B86F55C1AC1828F31E1B8CD" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
was
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8588B6438C6AEB8177995B3065E3B2E8" originalValue="‘inseparable’">'inseparable'</normalizedToken>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EDE97E73B2A12E152EFFEF6D7C74232" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis pelagica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="subspecies" species="pelagica" subspecies="occidentalis">Nereis pelagica occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartman, 1945, but not synonymized.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="553B95321161AA035708B415700BA0EC" author="Salazar-Vallejo, SI" journalOrPublisher="Brenesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="39 - 65" title="Enrique Rioja y su contribucion al estudio de los poliquetos (Anelida: Polychaeta) en Mexico." volume="30" year="1989">Salazar-Vallejo (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that although Rioja clearly recognized the presence of notopodial homogomph falcigers, he maintained the species under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4126B59B5B6367B761E1BAB4ACC9334" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanthes" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Neanthes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even in later publications (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E6CFBE8AC6269A7B32AC8B68CEEF130" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="247 - 266" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 19. Observaciones sobre algunos nereidos de las costas de Mexico." volume="28" year="1947">Rioja 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8D6551AC76565296F0EF0583DA1AF9A" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="289 - 316" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 24. Adiciones a la fauna de anelidos poliquetos de las costas orientales de Mexico." volume="31" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4BAD3528AB68749DDDB54FF7FBDC0BF" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="131 - 229" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 26. Algunos anelidos poliquetos de las costas del Pacifico de Mexico." volume="33" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9AEBB4D4B7675D4BF2FA267A0C351EF8" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The first synonymy involving these species was made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51241B75907E8DB26D2A0086A2B6E712" author="Pettibone, MH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="281 - 294" title="Some polychaete worms of the families Hesionidae, Syllidae, and Nereidae from the east coast of North America, West Indies, and Gulf of Mexico." volume="46" year="1956">Pettibone (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; she considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="162DC5ECDB98678C7DE492E3DF1EB8FD" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis pelagica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="subspecies" species="pelagica" subspecies="occidentalis">Nereis pelagica occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3868010F76370FD10ABAF7DB4519CBAA" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis pelagica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">Nereis pelagica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and raised it to species level as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F079CA63BC1714DE79C2E80E5CF55BC0" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis (Nereis) occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus="Nereis">Nereis (Nereis) occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartman. Also, she regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC5A66C3D2472B909059D187A3B64583" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Neanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanthes oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Neanthes oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA0D8F8A620B8AEFE897A19A312159F" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
being regarded as a variety. The detailed description provided by Pettibone allowed us to recognize differences in comparison to the Laguna Madre, Texas specimens. She recognized slight but important differences among these variants, mainly in paragnath number in areas V and VI; adding the relative size of neuropodial ligules in middle and posterior chaetigers. In the same work, she determined that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9A6F8377689556C4613D1C6551602FE" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis largoensis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="largoensis">Nereis largoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Treadwell, 1931 was a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5809AB3F64B506A976D423FC32327332" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis pelagica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">Nereis pelagica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that other material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC4AE6535CBFDC2669E8060FDBB6036A" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis largoensis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="largoensis">Nereis largoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
based upon material examined by Treadwell corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41ED84125B98CB44D5570B47BA2BF44D" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E225404C3C3E6B507D0312D30FE1D4A" author="Pettibone, MH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="281 - 294" title="Some polychaete worms of the families Hesionidae, Syllidae, and Nereidae from the east coast of North America, West Indies, and Gulf of Mexico." volume="46" year="1956">Pettibone 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We follow, however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF8588523D55C21FDB775274E5FEE0B3" author="Gonzalez-Escalante, LE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" pagination="155 - 164" title="A new estuarine species, Nereisgarwoodi (Polychaeta: Nereididae), from Bahia Chetumal, Mexican Caribbean coast." volume="51" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="850DAA89C05110C23122A4A861F0BBA7" originalValue="González-Escalante">Gonzalez-Escalante</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Salazar-Vallejo (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who concluded that these three species are not synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3437521972817F49AE3D3CC5A529280E" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30129DD297E8221C937F23011E857657" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AF983BB23D10AA6EEDB36F9F4F872A" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in some diagnostic features. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="512492B74FBE4DA953002B6D4BD14AE4" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are 8-15 paragnaths on area I and 1-2 on area V, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6D5D0D2863F7DFB5D054D58675F572C" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are 2-3 paragnaths on area I and no paragnaths on area V. Further, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3F1563B7C4D19923BD32B3AB78155C5" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
neuropodial ventral ligules are 2-3 times longer than neuroacicular ligules, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B9C228079E56BD46F032F4DFA951F93" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
neuropodial ventral ligules from posterior chaetigers are shorter than neuroacicular ones. Regarding chaetae, and as an additional difference, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50A89B8B290079F95F35F5AD34CB0814" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
the notopodial homogomph falciger has the distal tooth less developed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE925C49CF1BE5F5674D6414A6D2851" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="071528F4F799E7CA9FA33DD49E85B840" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Another synonymy was made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="59DCDED86A26D7524F5AA9455E90B1D0" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 153" title="New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina." url="10.5962/bhl.title.62852" volume="375" year="1973">Day (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C860EE0588E5FEB2FDAC10DFEE4C696B" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis pelagica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="subspecies" species="pelagica" subspecies="occidentalis">Nereis pelagica occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartman and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41E49851594CFA059DDBB6AFD605D722" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="subspecies" species="occidentalis" subspecies="fide">Nereis occidentalis fide</taxonomicName>
|
||
McCloskey as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="695388318966C888368E0BEEF5715AEF" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis falsa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">Nereis falsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Quatrefages, 1865; however, in the list of synonyms of these two species he did not include
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4DA972452FE62733D303868975215FE6" author="Pettibone, MH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="281 - 294" title="Some polychaete worms of the families Hesionidae, Syllidae, and Nereidae from the east coast of North America, West Indies, and Gulf of Mexico." volume="46" year="1956">Pettibone (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A512B066DD0B9B23268C9C8DD6539F5E" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not considered by him.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9DDCF1A8E5E12CE0035F53771010066" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis falsa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">Nereis falsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a rather complex or confusing delineation; according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="341DE68BDD53FD595BE34E341DDCCC1B" author="Fauvel, P" journalOrPublisher="Faune de France" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 488" title="Polychetes Errantes." volume="5" year="1923">Fauvel (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it differs from similar species by having different numbers of paragnaths in areas I and V, and different proportions in parapodial ligules. In fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1582791F72B4A9685384E8BD889D5FF8" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis falsa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="falsa">Nereis falsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
is another species regarded as widely distributed and requires a critical revision and we could anticipate a restriction of its distribution to the Mediterranean region because its type locality is the Black Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A404EFB0058F40E75235298B2144685" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4B43E136DE3B16FC03AFE8A588B1F0C" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded along American Atlantic coasts from northeastern Brazil, chiefly in ecological (community assemblages on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E76857D196F323DAA48244AB245AFE5" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina alterniflora" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alterniflora">Spartina alterniflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
and mangroves), or population studies (secondary production and population dynamics), as well as part of taxonomic or genetic studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91A7163C67D8BB9C11BD0A568D6BF6BF" author="Amaral, ACZ" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" title="Catalogo das especies de AnnelidaPolychaeta do Brasil" url="http://www.ib.unicamp.br/museu_zoologia/sites/www.ib.unicamp.br.museu_zoologia/files/Cat%C3%A1logo_Polychaeta_Brasil_Amaral_et_al_2013_1a.pdf" year="2012">Amaral et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A detailed record was made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="685D0349D49179451DC44F49360B4211" author="Santos, CSG" journalOrPublisher="Iheringia (Serie Zoologia)" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 22" title="Nereididae (Polychaeta) da costa Nordeste do Brasil, 3 Generos Ceratonereis e Nereis." volume="93" year="2003">Santos and Lana (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; unfortunately, a commentary and one plate was based upon specimens collected in Todos Los Santos Bay, and indicated that their material agrees with the original description regarding neuropodial ventral ligules in posterior parapodia, and the feature was less developed in specimens from other localities but were regarded as the same because the prostomial
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="57449390CAD839F3725C1E0C849ECBFD" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" start="start">pigmentation</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and paragnath number remained constant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B7BAAB5C9FF448867C04DDA38C423DC" author="Santos, CSG" journalOrPublisher="Iheringia (Serie Zoologia)" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 22" title="Nereididae (Polychaeta) da costa Nordeste do Brasil, 3 Generos Ceratonereis e Nereis." volume="93" year="2003">Santos and Lana 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983E4612630E76B4348D719717ED941E" author="Lana, P da C" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="30 - 63" title="Checklist of Polychaete Species from Parana State (Southern Brazil)." url="10.15560/2.3.30" volume="2" year="2006">Lana et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
however, considered their previous record as a probable misidentification requiring a revision.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="79BC0433AB14556D71D8E415BA85FA31" author="Linero-Arana, I" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="149 - 159" title="Nuevas adiciones de Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) para las costas de Venezuela." volume="46" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9573FAA9E86DE459FDBA597A1E398364" originalValue="Liñero-Arana">Linero-Arana</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C88CA54E9B18D80226D3EDAA49A70F06" originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7ADC526246E6F811177B3B43A939EF6" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Venezuela in La Restinga Lagoon, Margarita Island, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7BFE1E5D0E7ED2D49D5FAF077951006" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea rhizophorae" order="Ostreida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorae">Crassostrea rhizophorae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Guilding), and recognized that their specimens resembled Brazilian ones and differed from those described by Rioja, mainly in parapodial morphology. These two publications pointed out the need for a revisionary work, recognizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D1DD51DCCE19F7B9812577DD558D78" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid species, but that their specimens were probably not the same as those described from Mexico because of parapodial features; at least the specimens from South America were regarded as a different species that should be clarified elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E134C78DB6085938BD1D5F3C6D77ED4" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFFEFD2697503E36EBBECAF07AFADB99" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D442977445E1863C2B0E1906947A5B0D" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" pagination="399 - 407" title="Some notes on a collection of polychaeta from the Northeast Pacific south of latitude 32 ° N." url="10.1139/z58-034" volume="36" year="1958">Berkeley and Berkeley 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F274A53353CB8C45A7E595A95F96FED6" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" pagination="357 - 362" title="Notes on some Polychaeta from the West Coast of Mexico, Panama, and California." url="10.1139/z60-040" volume="38" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) belong to a new species described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86AF645E8AFDA38AF48676F420CBE831" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF7A2FD48D2C4747E0229DE9262FC2A6" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C20CA50C8BCD6AED8BB1E28AC358D29A" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The species is associated with red mangrove
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E84E247057971184EDF72683128872E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora mangle" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mangle">Rhizophora mangle</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with oysters. It has been found in Gulf of Mexico estuaries, including Tecolutla, Casitas-Nautla and Actopan (these estuaries have sand bars in their respective mouth rivers), and from coastal lagoons such as Mandinga and La Mancha. These systems have direct connection with the sea, some with seasonal closure of their mouths, with polyhaline to mesohaline waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80674276A4C798A11947C9DED6B90C92" author="Lara-Dominguez, AL" journalOrPublisher="Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Instituto de Ecologia A. C. (INECOL)" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="301 - 317" title="Lagunas costeras y estuarios." volumeTitle="La biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de caso." year="2011">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F438E8AA8C891DCDCCA0786B953890C4" originalValue="Lara-Domínguez">Lara-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6D98275C31C5E3E4A99F727E76587A9" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The neotype and associated specimens were found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C4DFB7F9983CDF7F80C954FA473D026" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gmelin) reef, in the Actopan river mouth. The specimens studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44B4A05E6443C9233F3D1651D0F33D91" author="Rioja, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="205 - 214" title="Estudios anelidologicos. 15. Nereidos de agua salobre de los esteros del litoral del Golfo de Mexico." volume="17" year="1946">Rioja (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Tecolutla estuary were found on mangrove roots covered by cirripedians, whereas specimens from the Casitas-Nautla estuary were collected between oysters (possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF0D2007561AE6D25EA01A11AC62D04" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and mytilids as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="712B6E695E896A537C731201D8ABF7B6" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Ischadium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischadium recurvum" order="Mytilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="recurvum">Ischadium recurvum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rafinesque) (reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E1D710BEA1E9FDEA9C49860DED52039" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mytilus recurvatus" order="Mytilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="recurvatus">Mytilus recurvatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sic) by Rioja); as Rioja indicated,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2ABF012B95196B6848273AAC44594FD8" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis oligohalina" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oligohalina">Nereis oligohalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens cohabit with an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A1A7DE0DF26CF83E9A4DCA28869C497" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Alitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alitta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Alitta</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the Actopan river mouth. This species has been reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77B23BBCA470D02EB52907BE0ADD6CCD" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Nereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nereis occidentalis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Nereis occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartman, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60E6387E4A106B2D01298963E2786600" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora websteri" order="Spionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">Polydora websteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartman, as epifauna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CF2A043A0BCC71B55D7895AE7905D4D" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea virginica" order="Ostreida" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginica">Crassostrea virginica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B58B5642B4EF507F58DF6122B16BC7E" author="Ruiz-Guerrero, M" editor="Moreno-Casasola, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="341 - 361" title="Los invertebrados." volumeTitle="Entornos Veracruzanos: La Costa de La Mancha" year="2006">
|
||
Ruiz-Guerrero and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFBF9A669BF8AFAEEB9A6F9B34437A17" originalValue="López-Portillo">Lopez-Portillo</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95F54D9A3C6913B313F9F1D35246B59B" originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF6D26D0AC7B2AC9CB29F7CD6E60F83B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora mangle" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mangle">Rhizophora mangle</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F30B044C59E3CF34B06EB1756C66ADD5" author="Ruiz, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" pagination="1309 - 1330" title="Variacion espacio-temporal de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados epibiontes en las raices del mangle rojo Rhizophoramangle (Rhizophoraceae) en la laguna costera de La Mancha, Veracruz, Mexico." url="10.15517/rbt.v62i4.12582" volume="62" year="2014">
|
||
Ruiz and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0EA701B84A3C1EB0B9D2FB9AE0D9CA95" originalValue="López-Portillo">Lopez-Portillo</normalizedToken>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from La Mancha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5849E2D8ACAB66EE28A52C10EC688B5E" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="722C7920D46C74190405E1C040E2E0FD" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="230F6F898C3EA085A9D03E4BB0A2834D" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Restricted to the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |