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<document id="77BB09302088F64FD2A68646357877CA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5424.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821033" ID-ZooBank="A7F58813-74B7-4871-B562-52999092C283" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1710500160437" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Atkinson, Thomas H." docDate="2024" docId="BF04879AA265C44DC3BEFF37FF53FD5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5424.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5424 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5424.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hylocurus rudis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="433DFFE2A26CC447C329FFA0FFA3FFF4" masterDocTitle="New species, new synonymy, taxonomic notes and new records of bark and ambrosia beetles from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1710768452318" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="25631B77A197F9129B68781C572F7622">New species, new synonymy, taxonomic notes and new records of bark and ambrosia beetles from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="BF04879AA265C44DC3BEFF37FF53FD5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF04879AA265C44DC3BEFF37FF53FD5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF04879AA265C44DC3BEFF37FF53FD5D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection id="7FB76507A265C44EC3BEFF37FD88FF45" box="[151,555,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFF37FD88FF45" blockId="9.[151,555,151,214]" box="[151,555,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="6C5A81E0A265C44EC3BEFF37FD88FF45" bold="true" box="[151,555,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFF37FD88FF45" ID-CoL="3NG4F" authority="(LeConte, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[151,555,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFF37FD88FF45" bold="true" box="[151,555,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFF37FEFFFF46" bold="true" box="[151,348,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus rudis</emphasis>
(LeConte, 1876)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="7FB76507A265C44DC3BEFF1BFF53FD5D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFF1BFE8BFF21" blockId="9.[151,555,151,214]" box="[151,296,187,214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A265C44EC3BEFF1BFF7AFF21" box="[151,217,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
(A–K)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFEA0FE55FEE3" blockId="9.[151,830,255,402]" box="[151,502,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFEA0FE55FEE3" ID-CoL="42PXT" authority="LeConte 1876: 369" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="369" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,502,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Micracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFEA0FE8FFEEC" box="[151,300,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Micracis rudis</emphasis>
LeConte 1876: 369
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFEBEFD6CFEC2" blockId="9.[151,830,255,402]" box="[151,719,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFEBEFE0EFEC2" ID-CoL="3NG4F" authority="(LeConte)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[151,429,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFEBEFE98FEC2" box="[151,315,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus rudis</emphasis>
(LeConte)
</taxonomicName>
: comb. Blackman 1928: 187
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFE9EFC9BFEA1" blockId="9.[151,830,255,402]" box="[151,824,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17BD11A2A265C44EC3BEFE9EFC9BFEA1" box="[151,824,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFE9EFDB5FEA1" ID-CoL="73G6L" authority="Blackman, 1920: 22" authorityName="Blackman" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,534,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Micracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biorbis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFE9EFEE3FEA1" box="[151,320,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Micracis biorbis</emphasis>
Blackman, 1920: 22
</taxonomicName>
: synonymy
<treatmentCitation id="B60C109DA265C44EC1A6FE9DFC9BFEA1" author="Wood, S. L." box="[655,824,317,341]" page="196" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA265C44EC1A6FE9DFC9BFEA1" author="Wood, S. L." box="[655,824,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="190 - 201" refId="ref16088" refString="Wood, S. L. (1972) New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), Part II. Great Basin Naturalist, 32 (4), 190 - 201. [https: // scholarsarchive. byu. edu / gbn / vol 32 / iss 1 / 5] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25774" type="journal article" year="1972">Wood 1972: 196</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFEFCFC9DFE80" blockId="9.[151,830,255,402]" box="[151,830,348,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17BD11A2A265C44EC3BEFEFCFC9DFE80" box="[151,830,348,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation id="B60C109DA265C44EC3BEFEFCFE5FFE80" author="Wood, S. L." box="[151,508,348,372]" page="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFEFCFE5FFE80" ID-CoL="3NG4S" authority="Wood, 1971: 28" authorityName="Wood" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,508,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFEFCFEF2FE87" box="[151,337,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus torosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA265C44EC27EFEFCFE5FFE80" author="Wood, S. L." box="[343,508,348,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref16013" refString="Wood, S. L. (1971) New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), Part V. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 15 (3), 1 - 54. [https: // scholarsarchive. byu. edu / byuscib / vol 15 / iss 3 / 1] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691" type="journal article" year="1971">Wood, 1971: 28</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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: synonymy
<treatmentCitation id="B60C109DA265C44EC15DFEFCFC9DFE80" author="Atkinson, T. H." box="[628,830,348,372]" page="327" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA265C44EC15DFEFCFC9DFE80" author="Atkinson, T. H." box="[628,830,348,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref13858" refString="Atkinson, T. H. (1989) New synonymy, new species, and notes on Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from southeastern United States. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 43 (4), 325 - 337. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4008755]" type="journal article" year="1989">Atkinson 1989: 327</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEFEDAFD1AFE66" blockId="9.[151,830,255,402]" box="[151,697,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17BD11A2A265C44EC3BEFEDAFD1AFE66" box="[151,697,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation id="B60C109DA265C44EC3BEFEDAFDB1FE66" author="Wood, S. L." box="[151,530,378,402]" page="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" year="1974">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFEDAFDB1FE66" ID-CoL="3NG2J" authority="Wood, 1974: 17" authorityName="Wood" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,530,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodatus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFEDAFEC8FE66" box="[151,363,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus binodatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA265C44EC258FEDAFDB1FE66" author="Wood, S. L." box="[369,530,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref16159" refString="Wood, S. L. (1974) New Species of American Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 19 (1), 1 - 67. [https: // scholarsarchive. byu. edu / byuscib / vol 15 / iss 3 / 1] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3500" type="journal article" year="1974">Wood, 1974: 17</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC130FEDAFD1AFE66" bold="true" box="[537,697,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EEA57E5A265C44EC130FEDAFD1AFE66" box="[537,697,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">new synonymy</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44DC3BEFE1BFCE9FE59" blockId="9.[151,1437,443,614]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC3BEFE1BFE0EFE21" ID-CoL="3NG4F" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" box="[151,429,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEFE1BFEEAFE21" box="[151,329,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus rudis</emphasis>
LeConte
</taxonomicName>
is found in the southeastern
<collectingCountry id="4FBA761CA265C44EC1F2FE1BFCCDFE21" box="[731,878,443,469]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">United States</collectingCountry>
and is characterized by an oval, concave depression in the center of the frons with two spongy projections on the dorso-lateral or lateral margins of this concavity (
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A265C44EC646FE7FFF04FDE9" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). In some specimens these are inflated (
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A265C44EC14FFDA3FD47FDEA" box="[614,740,515,542]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6 C–H</figureCitation>
) and in others appear deflated (
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A265C44EC76FFDA3FB15FDE9" box="[1094,1206,515,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6 B,J</figureCitation>
), suggesting that the structures may be hollow. With optical microscopy these swellings appear paler than the surrounding cuticle and have a very different texture from the surrounding cuticle of the frons, appearing spongy. With SEM photography (
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A266C44DC3B6FF37FEA3FF45" box="[159,256,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 6 K</figureCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA266C44DC227FF37FE15FF45" author="Atkinson, T. H." box="[270,438,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref13858" refString="Atkinson, T. H. (1989) New synonymy, new species, and notes on Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from southeastern United States. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 43 (4), 325 - 337. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4008755]" type="journal article" year="1989">Atkinson 1989</bibRefCitation>
) these are shown to consist of densely packed scale-like setae mixed with short conical setae. Wood separated specimens in which the projections are on the ventro-lateral margins of the frontal concavity as
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA266C44DC39CFF7FFE8BFF0C" ID-CoL="3NG4S" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1971" box="[181,296,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA266C44DC39CFF7FFE8BFF0C" box="[181,296,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">H. torosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A266C44DC21EFF7FFE34FF0D" box="[311,407,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 6 G</figureCitation>
). Isolated specimens are frequently captured in traps but longer series are rare in collections. After examining around
<specimenCount id="21ABFD05A266C44DC283FEA3FDF3FEE9" box="[426,592,259,285]" count="170" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="generic">170 specimens</specimenCount>
from throughout the range it is clear that the position of these projections is highly variable and presents no useful taxonomic information. They may be on the dorsal, lateral, or ventral margins of the frontal concavity. Their size is also variable.
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA266C44DC1F4FEEBFCD2FE91" author="Wood, S. L." box="[733,881,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="ref16229" refString="Wood, S. L. (1982) The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6, 1 - 1359. [https: // scholarsarchive. byu. edu / gbnm / vol 6 / iss 1 /]" type="journal article" year="1982">Wood (1982)</bibRefCitation>
states that the frontal concavity is never carinate in the center. In many specimens it is clear that the concavity is deeper on either side of the center line, and that in many cases a longitudinal carina is evident (
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A266C44DC1AEFE33FC9FFE59" box="[647,828,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 6 B, D, F, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="63D26604A265C44EC3BEF88EFCC4F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" startId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" targetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3712368CA265C44EC3BEF88EFCC4F80E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1838,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC3BEF88EFEAFF8B2" bold="true" box="[151,268,1838,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC7A0F88EFA88F8B2" box="[1161,1323,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC7A0F88EFA88F8B2" box="[1161,1323,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC773F8D6FAF0F87A" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1971" box="[1114,1363,1910,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC773F8D6FAB0F87A" box="[1114,1299,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus torosus</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
(South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA265C44EC1C8F83AFC5BF846" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1974" box="[737,1016,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodatus">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA265C44EC1C8F83AFC15F846" box="[737,950,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hylocurus binodatus</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
(Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from
<bibRefCitation id="533C4B7DA265C44EC3E4F842FEC4F80E" author="Atkinson, T. H." box="[205,359,2018,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref13858" refString="Atkinson, T. H. (1989) New synonymy, new species, and notes on Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from southeastern United States. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 43 (4), 325 - 337. [https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4008755]" type="journal article" year="1989">Atkinson 1989</bibRefCitation>
. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3712368CA266C44DC3EEFE17FF53FD5D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA266C44DC3EEFE17FE17FE25" ID-CoL="3NG2J" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1974" box="[199,436,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodatus">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA266C44DC3EEFE17FE17FE25" box="[199,436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Hylocurus binodatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from specimens (
<figureCitation id="AF962A09A266C44DC01BFE17FC35FE25" box="[818,918,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,645,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[319,1268,637,1814]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variation in position of spongy structures and transverse carina on concavity on frons of Hylocurus rudis (A) Dorsal (Oklahoma), (B) Dorso-lateral, slight carina (Alabama), (C) Upper-lateral (Alabama), (D) Lateral, displaced mesad, carina (Texas), (E) Lateral (Oklahoma), (F) Lateral, slight carina (Texas), (G) Lower-lateral. Holotype Hylocurus torosus Wood (South Carolina), (H) Lower-lateral, displaced mesad. Holotype Hylocurus binodatus Wood (Mississippi), (I) Lower-lateral, strongly displaced mesad, protuberant (Michigan), (J) Dorso-lateral, strong carina (Arkansas), (K), SEM closeup of frontal structure, from Atkinson 1989. G, H. by S.M. Smith, all others by T.H. Atkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821053/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 6 H</figureCitation>
) in which the central concavity is shallower that that of “typical”
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA266C44DC2A7FE7BFE4EFE01" ID-CoL="3NG4F" box="[398,493,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA266C44DC2A7FE7BFE4EFE01" box="[398,493,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">H. rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in which the spongy projections are displaced away from the lateral margins towards the interior of the concavity. After examining over
<specimenCount id="21ABFD05A266C44DC01EFE5FFC73FDED" box="[823,976,511,537]" count="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
identified as
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA266C44DC740FE5FFB59FDED" ID-CoL="3NG2J" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1974" box="[1129,1274,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodatus">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA266C44DC740FE5FFB59FDED" box="[1129,1274,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">H. binodatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is clear that this character is also quite variable and intergrades with the characters of
<taxonomicName id="F0AD4D0FA266C44DC0F6FD83FB9EFDC9" ID-CoL="3NG4F" box="[991,1085,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="05D9EA9EA266C44DC0F6FD83FB9EFDC9" box="[991,1085,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">H. rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are no other significant external characters of the declivity or antennae that would allow separation of two or more species. I have examined all relevant
<typeStatus id="E816882EA266C44DC236FDCBFEF9FD71" box="[287,346,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">types</typeStatus>
as well as all specimens in the USNM, including the Wood collection. Only a single species is present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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