265 lines
31 KiB
XML
265 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="22826" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9e0336c-85fe-4d7c-8998-fadb8b1e4a29" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889-4-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" ID-ZooBank="D9502F1AAEC04B0F845C87D86632AF17" ModsDocID="2535-0889-4-39" checkinTime="1587713590471" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter" docDate="2020" docId="BE4EC21EE8435DE595EB03CEEC0FC9BF" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 4: 39-63" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" docTitle="Caryocolum arenariella" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1732751505677" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9498C04CF6763F42E729B4A825BEBFF6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="35390F5D77089CD4C095F938E33B6DA6">
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<mods:title id="5F479B664440669461C4F5FAE7E7377B">Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2D0AA812EFE00F1F389C3FC72FF389F4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C24DEB2EBC560C61F94DE756C6EAD541">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DE55E217632F4FE3664C3174195DA921">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01D553BFFE51A4200D55B24EFEB12ECE">Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebgsges. m. b. H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A- 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="86D2894D51D3814EC3BF0E5E6A16A830" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-545X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4EB79822625B27221C912635B113C9DF" type="email">p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseen.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7D57DB121FE38C9F28BB12FC9CCB69ED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="924D409DD06BF2A67A2242F210AE82FD">
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<mods:title id="C382ED78930C1AD0F1F0C7B6E080CFA0">Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="29F87F601E44FD1D60ACC80FFD4B44F3">
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<mods:date id="0A385979688CC43A84B3465DAA61755D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F21AC30B5FC90592CB37F64DE18F1CB5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B968D0B7D57C5F6A46C7913F86D8CAB9">4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="8797714104337F20DD5580BF02B38CF2" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="77618DBB4331CD77DF7AC17CE5D99987">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="15259C0C5B9A1FF7E321046ABC0CF1AB">63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url id="33F627F39A90C7C123594E24A0BA79CF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="5C24DAFA6A5313F1653F6D3369164097">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9774FAD94A6CFFD3A8B90058B04603F0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D8686C6C727475B63CE639D937C987A" type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0889-4-39</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BE4EC21EE8435DE595EB03CEEC0FC9BF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE4EC21EE8435DE595EB03CEEC0FC9BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4EC21EE8435DE595EB03CEEC0FC9BF" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" scope_family="Gelechiidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
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<subSubSection id="57A3D1D87F2190E40FC54B3CB7D61087" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="60A0185515FA32A9C143A62C36A1A610" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="71EB5D178A809D7EF73C740B60DBA739" ID-CoL="93FH5" LSID="BE4EC21E-E843-5DE5-95EB-03CEEC0FC9BF" authority="(Benander, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Benander" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum arenariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenariella">Caryocolum arenariella (Benander, 1937)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C0578E480BBB727D6DC3AE1BA67F22AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="23F916DFCFA52B51A5BBA2517F3FEF8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="C5E7A8380C2E77320316B936AEE61C47" authorityName="Benander" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita arenariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenariella">Lita arenariella</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="0A4025A190B6FBA577DFB75FA9D9CF87" author="Benander, P" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="29 - 32" refId="B5" refString="Benander, P, 1937. Notiser om svenska Microlepidoptera, med beskrivning av Lita arenariella n. sp. Opuscula Entomologica 2: 29 - 32" title="Notiser om svenska Microlepidoptera, med beskrivning av Lita arenariella n. sp." volume="2" year="1937">Benander 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 31, figs A, B. Syntypes, Sweden: Scania: Saltvik; Kivik; Borgeby, moths bred end of vii.1922 (larvae in
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<taxonomicName id="C51CD87A48E3D8EB82F364771FF81DE0" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dianthus arenarius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenarius">Dianthus arenarius</taxonomicName>
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stems), leg. Benander [not traced].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="30DBBF0E1B44DF3B1B292C00B9032DC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FC4AA0D31FA597F92DD3AF2866BE5D24" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B0056759EA1AA6CC8832C4304272DFAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Sweden: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Sk.,
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<normalizedToken id="972E4880A3B97DB9020C12A9683DFB9A" originalValue="Tyngsjö">Tyngsjoe</normalizedToken>
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, 4 Sep. l957, 24 Jul. 1965, leg. Svensson (ZCLU; NHM); 1 ♂, Sk.,
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<normalizedToken id="2D0F434432374B4383C480B2E6E66039" originalValue="Vitemölla">Vitemoella</normalizedToken>
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, 22-31 Jul. 1965, leg. Svensson (ZMUC); 1 ♂, same data, but 8 Jul. 1988 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName id="38B32EB4B5F30FACF36E3A12830CC39E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus arenarius" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenarius">
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<emphasis id="CCE69ACA2BE2D8904B4E2F8D19F08BC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus arenarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 3 ♂♂, same data, but 11 Jul. 1988 e.l.; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data, but 12 Aug. 1988 e.l., gen. slide GEL 1292 ♀ P. Huemer; 1 ♂, same data, but 17 Jul. 1988 e.l. (all TLMF); 1 ♂, [Schonen,] Kivik, 20 Jun. 1964, leg. Benander (ZMUC). Latvija: 1 ♂, Mangalsala, 9 Aug. l977, leg. Sulcs (ZMUC). North Macedonia: 2 ♂♂, NP Mavrovo, Korab, Korabska jezero, Kobilino pole, 2080-2180 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B4407FCBC06DD6D59C15556E0F34503" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="41.77833">41°46'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B7206229BD38F55D97A6BD2ED25772E0" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="20.581945">20°34'55"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28 Jul. - 1 Aug. 2011, leg. Huemer & Tarmann, DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 05274 (TLMF). Russia: 13 ♂♂, Altai Republic, Kosh-Agach distr., 17 km NNE Kokorya vill., Talduair Mt., valley of Sajlyugem river, 2200 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="40E97BA48E0FDF73A5890A6FF96D41E0" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="50.016666">50°01'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="171949E9D8E5736CD1A867527529C1B3" degrees="89" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="89.23333">89°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2016, leg. Huemer & Wiesmair, DNA Barcodes TLMF Lep 20329, 20330, 20331, gen. slides GEL 1259 ♂ P. Huemer, GEL 1260 ♂ P. Huemer; 1 ♂, Altai Republic, Kosh-Agach distr., Northern part of Ukok plateau, 2400-2500 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="27D34F9CFD03022D07EA8CA8CBBA82A5" degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="49.5">49°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="48652D29D4ECB4D28CB6CF81313C951E" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="88.083336">88°05'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 4-6 Aug. 2016, leg. Huemer & Wiesmair; 11 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Altai Republic, Ulagan distr., 10 km NE Aktash vill., Kuraj Mts. Range, 2150 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="E06D9E40E615EC362F5D9901D96999C6" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="50.316666">50°19'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2AE3C2CFB803EBE1AFF6202BE4AB9B73" degrees="87" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="87.71667">87°43'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 6-8 Aug. 2016, leg. Huemer & Wiesmair; 8 ♂♂, Altai Republic, Ulagan distr., 11 km NNW Aktash vill., Ajgulak Mts.Range, 1900 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="6C77F6863FAFB9ACF5CFA5B85C54AE44" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="50.416668">50°25'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="33FD25F6239841947CBCA24BBCC9997B" degrees="87" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="87.566666">87° 34'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28-30 Jul. 2016, leg. Huemer & Wiesmair; 1 ♂, Burytia, Barguzin valley, Djirga st., 600 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="D6F084DE1C007B8510EF4F95BFDF2415" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.916668">54°55'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E130C538DA1A87168A26B53674C6F625" degrees="111" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="111.23333">111°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 Jul. 1996, leg. Jalava & Kullberg (all TLMF).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="79502D7900041DA8E3B1A52528AB9C6A" doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403195" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 31, 32" startId="F10">
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<paragraph id="AA98424A61AC7F68B8CB5A64C42539FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="FB0A87DFA16289E71C826B471857B326" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 31, 32.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia.
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<emphasis id="F3DA7F1C60AC573E5232A61FBF2F6DD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">31</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D11EEC1547F2EA480433B5800A42A63F" authorityName="Huemer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rebel" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum improvisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis id="B8DCB49865D3A0C0A5438641B461380D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="16C146F170A0451FA448718516E490EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">32</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="71A3BD808AB209615CDFFB8FDB1C178F" lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis id="DAE6F83F949C0AD77E8CA12BD0EC8336" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="7ABEAC43DA133ADE2B47D24BC36A3A3A" doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures33-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403196" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 33–35" startId="F11">
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<paragraph id="7A906C50E0679B284F76F15B47300E92" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="51E81BADD1F8C91689492EADDC67FC68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 33-35.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia.
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<emphasis id="130FC8ABFE5F75A7D8F9F48A54E48554" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">33</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3FFF68C6519AC8E1C34A98E9C9B6A478" authorityName="Huemer" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum messneri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis id="51848DAB48A04F572AB4E93F1043BEEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1295 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="962027B13280350810275E14D3B3F98A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">34</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3CCD8ED9BDC8D1C703FB25C682140BE9" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis id="3A35622DCC3BEB629D0719DB0CCEB7E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1286 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis id="1885F6AE626D2F1A03A3059D1A342935" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">35</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CB0401182383FB03BD3D08DCCBBDC72E" lsidName="C. habeleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="habeleri">
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<emphasis id="F323EC93943DB4C04EB965D8B2147003" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. habeleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Germany, slide M 1703.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A9F87438E079B1836FEDDD0B11150AB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="706C37A6BD088614CBAF3532BFDF817A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="091AA73D9B08AD00F9B5A2E789EF6B76" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="3D1FC5C2ADD439EC064BDFCACF686D4F" lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis id="3B20CD7169A736F8AA61ECB2D6016E74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is, besides
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<taxonomicName id="34E788C727238E68E77CAF3EC515346D" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis id="72FC4F4568C4CEF4B42A191DB234B4E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the smallest and darkest species of the
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<taxonomicName id="09178CEFD33D80B658BBEEE1AD05F4DA" lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis id="9C8582C2ED2C2FDB77D63C2FC723BA7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group, with the white markings and brown scales reduced in many specimens. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="68E60B63DE8BBFAF9C6A4B0D3D294171" lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis id="6F800F6E553AA0D441015370ED93B1D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the brown rather than cream-white head, thorax and tegulae but cannot be reliably separated from the other species of the complex by external characters. However, the male genitalia are characterized by the shape of the valva, particularly the long, pointed dorsal process, only shared with
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<taxonomicName id="07F68942F18D2C0154B1D0949BA749FF" lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis id="4D6852132586BDD9FB6EBF5EA57B9572" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="704DDB101467B5F43B16754CB1039326" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis id="F6246BEB6D2EA734395ED3C334EF8D4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="5951C9291F69442DAD1751A4D74B473B" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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||
<emphasis id="21C6D2D217251A016EECF9058407CD91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This process is more slender and longer than in
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<taxonomicName id="03C2D535389B236D8DC40B37663DA02F" lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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||
<emphasis id="7F40E27DA87BF1B4E268DE7835CB6E29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AAFA096DE457F58FC58F05A9C74EA6C" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9821EEA8EBA49296D1AE3DAE7E1DBB70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas the male genitalia differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="997873DEFE7B64315FD744B46592A0B6" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
|
||
<emphasis id="194F564608C6BD4A4C82AECE34A37FC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the broader sacculus and the more slender and longer digitate medial processes of the vinculum. The female genitalia are hardly discernible from other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36C1673E9BA5C9A047A13EC87D672112" lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="00BF17BA8B024B5043EA0DE1A4B1C640" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, except for the signum with a slender and long crescent-shaped base, a character only shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D470ABFB7E0A2672A114369070207AA5" lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
|
||
<emphasis id="30326602D2BB54844E87F1279A32963C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the particularly short apophysis posterior. However, the individual variation of this character is insufficiently documented due to lack of material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E4EDBEEC74E63DA2A1F0B0672B91280D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="74A676DC725B0D5FC21F8507F76CD493" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6016830B4A6D99B2CA27728A7A8631" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Adult (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8B48AE232BEADA456AAA4D9D787A1B1E" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Adults. 3 Caryocolum schleichi, male, Syria; 4 C. dianthella, male, Spain; 5 C. improvisella, male, Austria; 6 C. improvisella, female, Austria; 7 C. arenariella, male, Sweden; 8 C. arenariella, female, Sweden." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403188" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="94710248074D2FC5C10C7D44C0A91299" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Adults. 3 Caryocolum schleichi, male, Syria; 4 C. dianthella, male, Spain; 5 C. improvisella, male, Austria; 6 C. improvisella, female, Austria; 7 C. arenariella, male, Sweden; 8 C. arenariella, female, Sweden." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403188" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length ♂ 4.0-5.0 mm, ♀ 3.5-4.5 mm. Head dark grey-brown, mottled with light grey, frons greyish white; labial palpus dark brown, second segment cream-white on inner surface, third segment blackish, mottled with white; antenna black, weakly ringed paler. Thorax and tegula dark grey-brown. Abdomen dark grey on ventral surface. Forewing dark brown with some light mottling, particularly on dorsum; distinct white markings: narrow transverse fascia from fold to costa at one-fifth, irregular white medial spot, separate costal and tornal spots; fringes basally dark brown, distal part lighter. Hindwing light grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33B80BA0953B52C5C8E194C134A9EDE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C084C31E3C4FDD6E5D962482281805E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="358E970D0C05CAFBB390CEE5FF441C40" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Specimens from Macedonia are larger (6.0 mm) and together with parts of Russian material exhibit some light mottling on the thorax and extended cream-white mottling of the forewing, particularly the dorsal area.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE3B0A1AD9DE78EF5F6A0C8AD6A8F1FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="male genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph id="C72B696E2BCA3B70D041A378480E3672" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A103B5A1977307DAAB6D7A4459A3512" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1F504453547F416CB81DB9C1E0DC1E7" captionStart="Figures 17–20" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 20. Male genitalia. 17 Caryocolum arenariella, Russia, slide GEL 1260 P. Huemer; 18 C. messneri, holotype, Italy, slide GEL 1255; 19 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1258 P. Huemer; 21 C. habeleri, paratype, France, slide GEL 1289 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures17-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403191" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C27743CD1CF55586F99F508500FA072B" captionStart="Figures 25–28" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 25 - 28. Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex). 25 Caryocolum arenariella, Russia, slide GEL 1260 P. Huemer; 26 C. messneri, holotype, Italy, slide GEL 1255; 27 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1258 P. Huemer; 28 C. habeleri, paratype, France, slide GEL 1289 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures25-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403193" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus broadly sub-quadrangular, posterior corners rounded; lateral sclerites of gnathos distinct, medial part with large minutely spined culcitula; tegumen weakly widened anteriorly, with slightly emarginated anterior margin; transtilla sclerotized, longitudinally folded; pedunculus large, sub-triangular, with sclerotized inner edge; valva nearly straight, long, distal part moderately slender, weakly dilated with straight dorsal and ventral edges, apex with two processes, long and pointed dorsal process extended to posterior third of uncus, broadly digitate ventral process at about right-angles to dorsal process; sacculus moderately long, slender, with parallel margins, apically pointed; posterior margin of vinculum deeply incised medially, with pair of moderately short digitate processes, pair of latero-medial processes broadly projected; saccus slightly longer than valva, slender, gradually tapered to apex; phallus long, slender, nearly straight, apically with area of small cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AB1846892E34597986B4A4C4D300AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="female genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph id="E1A0CB1692BF39C0C3F1780F43F7A3D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Female genitalia</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBA4936AFF39609C1E0F5B612FED65" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DC0CA61F4A1A2D6A29AC452A7395090" captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Female genitalia. 31 Caryocolum improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 32 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403195" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DC0997768121936A4AF63507825C4C98" captionStart="Figures 36–39" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 36 - 39. Female genitalia (segment VIII). 36 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 277 P. Huemer; 37 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer; 38 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 39 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures36-39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403197" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">39</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FCFBD143765FC5B9CBFA69D746234154" captionStart="Figures 43–46" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 43 - 46. Female genitalia (signum). 43 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 277 P. Huemer; 44 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer; 45 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 46 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures43-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403199" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apophysis posterior about 3.5 times length of apophysis anterior; segment VIII without processes, smooth; ostium bursae with short lateral folds; apophysis anterior about length of segment VIII; antrum short, about one-fifth length of apophysis anterior, funnel-shaped; posterior part of ductus bursae with pair of long lateral sclerites extending to about apex of apophysis anterior, membranous part of ductus bursae about length of segment VIII including apophysis anterior; signum on right side of entrance to sub-oval corpus bursae, with slender and long crescent-shaped base and long slender hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92DF59A6C730D3543B352B338CA3F467" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph id="69D681A2F8F5FA978606C82E000E9BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8330ED0AE776E13E636CCF414A65ABA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
BIN: BOLD:AAE9479. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.6%, the maximum distance 1.31% (p-dist) (n = 10). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BFB8803309F8D5DB8D532B928AF4156" lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="55480B9497949A74AB4652BABA791A1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is 2.25%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5F4FA331226CA08851EAFFF1E12BCF20" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="265C47F99DDB4D1D026B7A20AB8ECCBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3482A7732896625D27821B9F3C0CB1B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="66FE18EBA751E2A0685B8384FC8CC644" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of successfully sequenced material of the C. schleichi species group. Map created with SimpleMappr (http: // www. simplemappr. net)." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403186" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only known from scattered localities in Sweden, Finland, the Baltic countries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8AE7A669C8BB51DEE739D05CFA545DF" author="Aarvik, L" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 236" refId="B1" refString="Aarvik, L, Bengtsson, BA, Elven, H, Ivinskis, P, Juerivete, U, Karsholt, O, Mutanen, M, Savenkov, N, 2017. Nordic-Baltic Checklist of Lepidoptera. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, Supplement 3: 1 - 236" title="Nordic-Baltic Checklist of Lepidoptera." volume="3" year="2017">Aarvik et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), North Macedonia, and from southern Siberia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="062BF791A54562AE5ADA2542C01BEFA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph id="64E4CC4D40A3097133A4D23BC0265FE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5D8760ADADFBAB183E44F4A6B49DCC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The larva has been recorded in May, feeding in the stem of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3FCAD82DA1D21E0E79797BA29790EF2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus arenarius" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A123B5D12FDA4E999C3BBA370F9118D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus arenarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. which becomes gall-like stout and swollen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E77A7C6F4F8D037F7E4AC67034B1536" author="Benander, P" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 177" refId="B4" refString="Benander, P, 1926. Ueber Lita leucomelanella Z. und eine dieser nahestehende Art. Entomologisk Tidskrift 47: 171 - 177" title="Ueber Lita leucomelanella Z. und eine dieser nahestehende Art." volume="47" year="1926">Benander 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Pupation takes place outside the gall on the ground surface. However, according to Mutanen (in litt.) larvae live within the stems, without causing a conspicuous swollen gall. In the field moths have been collected from late June to early September at artificial light sources.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1430D24768C4481D2C155F0C3BE9FE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="45893094BD5182ACC0407E70D515D8A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="261F8070CBF39D2317C266BDAAD5F6C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1CFFB5ED2AB9599823FD72F219E054E" authorityName="Benander" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita arenariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenariella">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF5DA9911BAAF7E54DEBA8B4923ADEDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Lita arenariella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unspecified number of specimens and no syntypes have been traced. However, the detailed description of the moth, genitalia and biology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C601A49B7F04B3668CCB4D82EE4A3B91" author="Benander, P" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 177" refId="B4" refString="Benander, P, 1926. Ueber Lita leucomelanella Z. und eine dieser nahestehende Art. Entomologisk Tidskrift 47: 171 - 177" title="Ueber Lita leucomelanella Z. und eine dieser nahestehende Art." volume="47" year="1926">Benander 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) leave no doubt about the identity of this species. The taxon was re-instated at species level by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA47B49B289165B263D3C8B64713C613" author="Aarvik, L" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 236" refId="B1" refString="Aarvik, L, Bengtsson, BA, Elven, H, Ivinskis, P, Juerivete, U, Karsholt, O, Mutanen, M, Savenkov, N, 2017. Nordic-Baltic Checklist of Lepidoptera. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, Supplement 3: 1 - 236" title="Nordic-Baltic Checklist of Lepidoptera." volume="3" year="2017">Aarvik et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |