272 lines
30 KiB
XML
272 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D62DA43A693463ED410160ABA23358F8">Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B9D3971D3A779DF2CF76E96DB62710D">Velazco, Paúl M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DD6AD8631A7C009E9734FD8924656FE">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1301C8584419E90F40B420F56F1F6CDA">Fleck, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58667E090BAE0D1BB9D56085A9DE8FE4">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="14BFD19414E48E8909D623D0481F6D5E">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="7DEE653F5654FFE1D3E4FD13FB3F6677" box="[735,1160,752,777]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="354B36B45654FFE1D3E4FD13FB3F6677" blockId="72.[735,1160,752,777]" box="[735,1160,752,777]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="6E0381D85654FFE1D3E4FD13FB3F6677" box="[735,1160,752,777]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375654FFE1D3E4FD13FB3F6677" authority="d'Orbigny, 1836" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[735,1160,752,777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65654FFE1D3E4FD13FC636676" box="[735,980,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
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d’Orbigny, 1836
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7DEE653F5654FFE3D25BFCC0FE9E649E" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="354B36B45654FFE1D25BFCC0FBBF6645" blockId="72.[864,1032,802,826]" box="[864,1032,802,826]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="6E0381D85654FFE1D25BFCC0FBBF6645" box="[864,1032,802,826]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
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<figureCitation id="ADCF2A315654FFE1D25BFCC0FC546645" box="[864,995,802,826]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="70.[107,149,1679,1700]" captionTargetBox="[180,1140,224,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-45@70.[180,1140,224,940]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIG. 17. Photographs of A, an adult Lophostoma brasiliense captured at Quebrada Blanco; and B, an adult female (ROM 122117) L. silvicolum captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Marco Tschapka (A) and Burton Lim (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5415366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5415366/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Figures 17B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="ADCF2A315654FFE1D2D5FCC0FBBF6645" box="[1006,1032,802,826]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[108,149,983,1004]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,957]" captionTargetId="figure-313@73.[108,1212,224,957]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 18. Lophostoma silvicolum using an arboreal termite nest as roost at Jenaro Herrera. Photograph by Marco Tschapka." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5415368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5415368/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">18</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="354B36B45654FFE1D3F7FCB6FCE6610B" blockId="72.[684,1213,852,1735]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 26): Estación Biológica Madre Selva (MUSM 32009), Jenaro
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<collectingRegion id="F730F8565654FFE1D397FC74FCB566D2" box="[684,770,918,941]" country="Panama" name="Herrera" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Herrera</collectingRegion>
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(AMNH 278475, 278503; CEBIOMAS 102; MUSM 873, 5937), Nuevo
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<collectingRegion id="F730F8565654FFE1D2C7FC55FBED66B0" box="[1020,1114,951,975]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">San Juan</collectingRegion>
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(AMNH 272746, 272800, 272801, 272829, 272833, 273074, 273087; MUSM 13272–13276, 15283–15285), Orosa (AMNH 73721, 74101, 74102), Quebrada Blanco (MUSM 21176, 21177); see table 32 for measurements.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="354B36B45654FFE1D3F7FB9CFBE36002" blockId="72.[684,1213,852,1735]" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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UNVOUCHERED OBSERVATIONS: One individual of
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375654FFE1D3C7FB7CFC4D61C9" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[764,1018,1182,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65654FFE1D3C7FB7CFC4D61C9" box="[764,1018,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was captured at Divisor during the Sierra del Divisor Rapid Biological Inventory (Jorge and Velazco, 2006). During the Yavarí Rapid Biological Inventory, one individual of
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375654FFE1D27AFAC1FC7E6044" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[833,969,1315,1339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65654FFE1D27AFAC1FC7E6044" box="[833,969,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was captured at Quebrada Curacinha, and two others were captured at Quebrada Limera (Escobedo, 2003).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="354B36B45654FFE0D3F7FA64FE8763F8" blockId="72.[684,1213,852,1735]" lastBlockId="73.[108,637,1085,1737]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">
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IDENTIFICATION:
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375654FFE1D2A2FA64FB2B60E1" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[921,1180,1414,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65654FFE1D2A2FA64FB2B60E1" box="[921,1180,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="72">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characteristics: large size (forearm>
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<quantity id="F20C9B515654FFE1D21DFA0BFCCE637E" box="[806,889,1513,1537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
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, greatest length of skull>
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<quantity id="F20C9B515654FFE1D59AFA0BFD6B635D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
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), brownish to grayish ventral fur, postauricular patches absent, forearm naked, strong indentation present on the lingual cingulum of each upper canine, M1 hypocone moderately to well developed, and second lower premolar aligned with toothrow in occlusal view (Velazco and Gardner, 2012; López-Baucells et al., 2018). Descriptions and measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D0CFFBBDFDCB6109" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[500,636,1118,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D0CFFBBDFDCB6109" box="[500,636,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were provided by Goodwin (1942), Husson (1962, 1978), Davis and Carter (1978), Swanepoel and Genoways (1979), Genoways and Williams (1980), Medellín and Arita (1989), Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Simmons and Voss (1998), Baker et al. (2004), Lim et al. (2005), Velazco and Cadenillas (2011), Velazco and Gardner (2012), Smith et al. (2012), and Velazco and Patterson (2019). Three subspecies are currently recognized:
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D00DFA4BFE7660BF" box="[310,449,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
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L. s.
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D053FA4AFE7660BF" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[360,449,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Promops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centralis">centralis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(eastern
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<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D31EFA4AFF3B609E" name="Honduras" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D18BFA28FE9E609D" box="[176,297,1482,1506]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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),
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D007FA28FE7B609D" box="[316,460,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. s. laephotis</emphasis>
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(Guianas to the lower Amazon basin of
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<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D0BBFA09FE72637C" box="[384,453,1515,1539]" name="Brazil" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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), and
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D335FA09FF1A635B" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
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L. s.
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D37CFA09FF1A635B" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">silvicolum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D185F9EEFEAF635B" box="[190,280,1548,1572]" name="Panama" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Panama</collectingCountry>
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southward throughout most of the humid-tropical lowlands of South America) (Williams and Genoways, 2008; Velazco and Cadenillas, 2011).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="618B663C5655FFE0D157FC35FF666174" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5415368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5415368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5415368/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" startId="73.[108,149,983,1004]" targetBox="[108,1212,224,957]" targetPageId="73">
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<paragraph id="354B36B45655FFE0D157FC35FF666174" blockId="73.[108,1212,981,1035]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
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FIG. 18.
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D1F9FC37FE156692" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[194,418,981,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D1F9FC37FE156692" box="[194,418,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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using an arboreal termite nest as roost at Jenaro Herrera. Photograph by Marco Tschapka.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="354B36B45655FFE0D1B7F972FBA363F8" blockId="73.[108,637,1085,1737]" lastBlockId="73.[684,1213,1085,1737]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
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||
Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) analyzed cytochrome
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D1FEF953FF6563B6" box="[197,210,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">b</emphasis>
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sequences from all
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D09CF953FDCB63B6" box="[423,636,1713,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D09CF953FD9E63B6" box="[423,553,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Lophostoma</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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and found that
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D261FBDCFC54612A" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[858,995,1085,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D261FBDCFC54612A" box="[858,995,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequences grouped into three clades.
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<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D2BFFBBCFB326109" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[900,1157,1118,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D2BFFBBCFB326109" box="[900,1157,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was paraphyletic in their cytochrome
|
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<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D51BFB9DFB9A61E8" box="[1056,1069,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">b</emphasis>
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tree, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D59CFB62FD5F61C7" baseAuthorityName="Davis & Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D59CFB62FD5F61C7" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. evotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister to a clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D2FEFB43FBF961C7" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[965,1102,1184,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D2FEFB43FBF961C7" box="[965,1102,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that contained specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D291FB20FBB461A6" box="[938,1027,1218,1241]" name="Panama" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D536FB23FBC961A6" box="[1037,1150,1217,1241]" name="Venezuela" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D3E7FB00FC8D6185" box="[732,826,1250,1274]" name="Ecuador" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DE376245655FFE0D2EDFB01FBBB6185" box="[982,1036,1251,1274]" name="Peru" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D594FB00FB0B6185" box="[1199,1212,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequence divergence among the various lineages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D3F1FAC7FCE56043" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[714,850,1316,1340]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D3F1FAC7FCE56043" box="[714,850,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D2B0FAC7FC536043" baseAuthorityName="Davis & Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[907,996,1317,1340]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D2B0FAC7FC536043" box="[907,996,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. evotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranged from 3.7 to 6.3%. However, those authors examined approximately
|
||
<specimenCount id="23F2FD3D5655FFE0D23EFA85FC066001" box="[773,945,1382,1407]" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" type="generic">300 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375655FFE0D2D8FA85FBC16001" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[995,1142,1382,1406]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65655FFE0D2D8FA85FBC16001" box="[995,1142,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from throughout its distribution and could not find any clear pattern of qualitative-morphological or morphometric variation that matched any of the three molecular clades or any of the traditionally recognized subspecies. Given these findings, we recommend against taxonomic changes (or recognition of subspecies) pending analyses of nuclear markers in this complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="354B36B45655FFE3D3F7F972FE9E649E" blockId="73.[684,1213,1085,1737]" lastBlockId="74.[108,636,226,1738]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="73" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Ascorra et al. (1993), Fleck et al. (2002), and Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) correctly identified their specimens from Jenaro
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F730F8565656FFE3D37CFF00FF2B6465" country="Panama" name="Herrera" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Herrera</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Nuevo
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F730F8565656FFE3D038FEE1FEDA6465" box="[259,365,259,283]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">San Juan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Orosa, and Quebrada Blanco as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D1E4FEC6FE686443" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[223,479,292,316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D1E4FEC6FE686443" box="[223,479,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The voucher material we examined from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve conforms to previous descriptions of the species, and measurements fall within the range of size variation previously documented for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D1AEFE28FE94649E" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[149,291,457,481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D1AEFE28FE94649E" box="[149,291,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">L. silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DEE653F5656FFE3D1B7FE08FEFE63B5" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="354B36B45656FFE3D1B7FE08FE326795" blockId="74.[108,636,226,1738]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
REMARKS: Of 22 nocturnal captures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D157FDE9FEEA675C" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[108,349,523,547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D157FDE9FEEA675C" box="[108,349,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from our region, 21 were in ground-level mistnets; of these, 8 were in primary forest, 12 were in secondary vegetation, and 1 was in a palm swamp (
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D325FD8CFDDB67F9" box="[542,620,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">aguajal</emphasis>
|
||
). One additional individual was taken in a bananabaited rat trap tied to a liana about
|
||
<quantity id="F20C9B515656FFE3D0DEFD53FDB967B7" box="[485,526,689,713]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in primary forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="354B36B45656FFE3D1B7FD11FE2D60DF" blockId="74.[108,636,226,1738]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
We found four roosts of this species near Nuevo
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F730F8565656FFE3D187FCF6FEA86654" box="[188,287,788,812]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">San Juan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, all of them in arboreal termite nests. The first roost, about
|
||
<quantity id="F20C9B515656FFE3D0A9FCD7FE0C6633" box="[402,443,821,845]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in secondary vegetation, contained five or six individuals (of which
|
||
<specimenCount id="23F2FD3D5656FFE3D05BFC9AFE7F66F0" box="[352,456,887,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female was collected on
|
||
<date id="414A10745656FFE3D1EDFC7AFED166CF" box="[214,358,920,945]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" value="1998-05-22">22 May 1998</date>
|
||
). The second roost, about
|
||
<quantity id="F20C9B515656FFE3D157FC5BFF2F66AE" box="[108,152,953,977]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in secondary vegetation, contained two individuals (an adult female and her nursing offspring, both collected on
|
||
<date id="414A10745656FFE3D30EFC19FF40614B" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" value="1999-09-09">9 September 1999</date>
|
||
). The third roost, about 2.5 m above the ground in primary valley-bottom forest, contained five individuals (of which
|
||
<specimenCount id="23F2FD3D5656FFE3D0E3FBBDFD886109" box="[472,575,1118,1142]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male and
|
||
<specimenCount id="23F2FD3D5656FFE3D1A6FB62FEB261E8" box="[157,261,1151,1175]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female were collected on
|
||
<date id="414A10745656FFE3D312FB62FF4E61C6" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" value="1999-09-11">11 September 1999</date>
|
||
). The fourth roost, about
|
||
<quantity id="F20C9B515656FFE3D336FB42FD8161C7" box="[525,566,1184,1208]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in secondary vegetation, contained two individuals (of which
|
||
<specimenCount id="23F2FD3D5656FFE3D0A6FB01FDBF6184" box="[413,520,1251,1275]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male was collected on
|
||
<date id="414A10745656FFE3D03AFAE6FE566063" box="[257,481,1284,1308]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" value="1999-09-23">23 September 1999</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D0C3FAE6FF6E6042" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D0C3FAE6FF6E6042" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was usually found roosting without other species of bats, but the second roost described above was shared with a single adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D193FA6AFE2260DF" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[168,405,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D193FA6AFE2260DF" box="[168,405,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Phyllostomus hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="354B36B45656FFE3D1B7FA4BFEFE63B5" blockId="74.[108,636,226,1738]" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D1B7FA4BFE3160BE" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[140,390,1449,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicolum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D1B7FA4BFE3160BE" box="[140,390,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Lophostoma silvicolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well known to construct roosts in active termite nests (fig. 18), which are sometimes coinhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D32AFA09FEB3635B" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D32AFA09FEB3635B" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">Phyllostomus hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Tuttle, 1970; Kalko et al., 1999, 2006; Díaz and Linares García, 2012; Rengifo et al., 2013). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2F44D375656FFE3D0A4F9ADFDA36319" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[415,532,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0780EAA65656FFE3D0A4F9ADFDA36319" box="[415,532,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="74">P. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be a roost parasite that is not believed to participate in roost construction or maintenance (Kalko et al., 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |