treatments-xml/data/BC/2D/87/BC2D87B27B7AE5465FB58461FAC5F9A0.xml
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<mods:title id="0C9FC815E9B9E149A98490952350D837">Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record</mods:title>
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cf.
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(
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)
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del
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12.
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, coll. and det.
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, coll. and det.
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, coll. and det.
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. ICMYL.
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103.R:
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, coll. and det.
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126.FS:
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Culebra,
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</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="507EE98C7B7AE5475B468508FB61F8B1" box="[1124,1263,1842,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" value="2012-12-20">
<date id="403A10647B7AE5475B468508FB61F8B1" box="[1124,1263,1842,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" value="2012-12-20">20.XII.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. and det.
<determinerName id="C1E7DA607B7AE5475FB5856FFE23F895" box="[151,429,1877,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Cristian Pacheco Solano</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="84EC3CF97B7AE5475E9B856CFEC2F869" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1803103886" collectingDate="2012-01-13" collectionCode="ICMYL" country="Panama" determinerName="Cristian Pacheco Solano" elevation="1" location="Pca." pageId="22" pageNumber="473" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Panama">
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B7AE5475E9B856CFD95F895" box="[441,539,1878,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<location id="315B607F7B7AE5475D3D856CFDC1F895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B7AE5465FB58461FAC5F9A0:315B607F7B7AE5475D3D856CFDC1F895" box="[543,591,1878,1902]" country="Panama" name="Pca." pageId="22" pageNumber="473" stateProvince="Panama">Pca.</location>
137.IT: Isla Taboga, Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7AE5475CAC856CFC64F896" box="[910,1002,1878,1901]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7AE5475CAC856CFC64F896" box="[910,1002,1878,1901]" name="Panama" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<elevation id="BFA9D1977B7AE5475CD7856CFBADF896" box="[1013,1059,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="F37C9B417B7AE5475CD7856CFBADF896" box="[1013,1059,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="507EE98C7B7AE5475B12856CFB13F895" box="[1072,1181,1878,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" value="2012-01-13">
<date id="403A10647B7AE5475B12856CFB13F895" box="[1072,1181,1878,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" value="2012-01-13">13.I.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. and det.
<determinerName id="C1E7DA607B7AE5475A66856FFEC2F869" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Cristian Pacheco Solano</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7AE5475FE585A7FD20F821" blockId="22.[151,1437,1697,2010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7AE5475FE585A7FE42F84D" bold="true" box="[199,460,1949,1974]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">External morphology.</emphasis>
Endolithic sponge in alpha morphology. Papillae small, sometimes difficult to observe, average diameter of 390 µm. Live color yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="60FB662C7B7BE5465FB5810FFBFCFCB0" box="[151,1138,821,844]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147263/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" targetBox="[163,1423,203,791]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7BE5465FB5810FFBFCFCB0" blockId="23.[151,1138,821,844]" box="[151,1138,821,844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465FB5810FFE91FCB0" bold="true" box="[151,287,821,843]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465E07810CFE7EFCB0" baseAuthorityName="Hancock" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[293,496,821,843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465E07810CFEEEFCB0" box="[293,352,822,843]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Pione</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465EA5810CFE7EFCB0" box="[391,496,822,843]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bioerosion. A) Erosion chambers (arrow) and B) erosion scars.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B7BE5465FE58148FD4DFBC4" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="description">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7BE5465FE58148FD5DFC54" blockId="23.[151,1437,882,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465FE58148FEDAFC70" bold="true" box="[199,340,882,907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Excavation.</emphasis>
Erosion multicamerate (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B7BE5465D4E8148FD58FC70" box="[620,726,882,907]" captionStart="FIGURE26" captionStartId="23.[151,250,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,203,791]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,800]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE26. Pione cf. carpenteri bioerosion.A) Erosionchambers (arrow) and B) erosionscars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147263/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
). Oval or irregular chambers with diameters of
<quantity id="F37C9B417B7BE5465BD78149FA16FC71" box="[1269,1432,882,907]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.8">0.8 to 1.6 mm</quantity>
. Erosion scars 20 to 102 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B7BE5465D4281ACFD48FC54" box="[608,710,918,943]" captionStart="FIGURE26" captionStartId="23.[151,250,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,203,791]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,800]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE26. Pione cf. carpenteri bioerosion.A) Erosionchambers (arrow) and B) erosionscars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147263/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7BE5465FE58180FD4DFBC4" blockId="23.[151,1437,882,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465FE58180FEBEFC28" bold="true" box="[199,304,954,979]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres straight tylostyles, scarce. Microscleres microspined oxeas curving mid-shaft and straight, microspined microrhabds (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B7BE5465D1681E4FD03FC0C" box="[564,653,990,1015]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[150,1436,301,1930]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 27. Spicules of Pione cf. carpenteri: A) tylostyles and head variations, same scale, B) oxeas and microrhabds with a close-up of their microspination (inset panel),C) oxea, D) microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147265/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Tylostyle dimensions: 181217 µm (x̅ =202.6, σ=17.7)
<date id="403A10647B7BE5465A0981E5FAE4FC0C" box="[1323,1386,990,1015]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">x 3-5</date>
µm (x̅ =4.2, σ=0.6). Oxea dimensions: 63115 µm (x̅ =84.4, σ=21.4)
<date id="403A10647B7BE5465C538639FC3CFBE0" box="[881,946,1026,1051]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">x 36</date>
µm (x̅ =4, σ=1.7). Microrhabd dimensions: 912 µm (x̅ =11, σ=1.9)
<date id="403A10647B7BE5465E87861DFE6AFBC4" box="[421,484,1063,1087]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">x 13</date>
µm (x̅ =1.7, σ=0.4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B7BE5465FE58670FB7FFB98" box="[199,1265,1098,1123]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7BE5465FE58670FB7FFB98" blockId="23.[151,1437,882,1627]" box="[199,1265,1098,1123]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465FE58670FEA5FB98" bold="true" box="[199,299,1098,1123]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Ecology.</emphasis>
Found in dead
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465EFB8670FDD1FB98" box="[473,607,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Pocillopora</emphasis>
sp. and shells of dead mollusks, between 1 and
<quantity id="F37C9B417B7BE5465B5B8670FB2AFB99" box="[1145,1188,1098,1123]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B7BE5465FE58654FBD0FA5D" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7BE5465FE58654FBD0FA5D" blockId="23.[151,1437,882,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465FE58654FDEFFB7C" bold="true" box="[199,609,1134,1159]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Distribution and previous records.</emphasis>
The species was originally described as
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465B0A8654FB7EFB7D" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1867" box="[1064,1264,1134,1159]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465B0A8654FB7EFB7D" box="[1064,1264,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Cliona carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mazatlan (
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465FBC86A8FEC2FB50" author="Hancock" box="[158,332,1170,1195]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Hancock, A. (1867) Note on the excavating sponges; with descriptions of four new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19, 229 - 242." type="journal article" year="1867">Hancock 1867</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7BE5465E4486A8FE31FB50" box="[358,447,1170,1195]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465E4486A8FE31FB50" box="[358,447,1170,1195]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
. Recently, more specimens have been collected along the Pacific coast of
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7BE5465A6586A8FA12FB50" box="[1351,1436,1170,1195]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465A6586A8FA12FB50" box="[1351,1436,1170,1195]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465FBC868CFE0DFB34" author="Carballo" box="[158,387,1206,1231]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A. &amp; Gomez, P. (2004) Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 353 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00126. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
Carballo
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465E2A868DFECFFB34" box="[264,321,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465EAD868DFE5BFB34" author="Carballo" box="[399,469,1207,1231]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Nava, H. &amp; Bautista, E. (2008 a) Esponjas perforadoras de sustratos calcareos: importancia en los ecosistemas arrecifales del Pacifico este. CONABIO, Mexico City, 187 pp." type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7BE5465D36868DFDE3FB35" box="[532,621,1207,1230]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465D36868DFDE3FB35" box="[532,621,1207,1230]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465D5E868DFD75FB34" author="Vega" box="[636,763,1207,1231]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Vega, C. (2012) Composicion y afinidades biogeograficas de esponjas (Demospongiae) asociadas a comunidades coralinas del Pacifico Mexicano. Doctoral thesis, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, 231 pp." type="book" year="2012">Vega 2012</bibRefCitation>
). It has also widely been reported from other locations such as
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465F9986E0FF71FB08" box="[187,255,1242,1267]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465E3186E0FE74FB08" author="Muricy" box="[275,506,1242,1267]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hadju, E., Carvalho, M. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Serie Livros 46, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465E5686E6FE3CFB08" box="[372,434,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). However, records for the Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7BE5465C8986E0FB8EFB08" box="[939,1024,1242,1267]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465C8986E0FB8EFB08" box="[939,1024,1242,1267]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465B6086E1FB21FB08" box="[1090,1199,1243,1267]" name="Myanmar" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
were considered as uncertain (
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465E2F86C5FE42FAEC" author="Soest" box="[269,460,1278,1303]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C. H. L., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. (2016) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 10 December 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Soest
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465E7086C5FE07FAEC" box="[338,393,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465EFC86C5FD28FAEC" box="[478,678,1278,1303]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Scott, P. J. B., Risk, M. J. &amp; Carriquiry, J. D. (1988) El Nino, bioerosion and the survival of East Pacific reefs. Proceedings of the 6 th International Coral Reef Symposium, Australia, 2, 517 - 520." type="journal article">
Scott
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465D3C86C5FDDBFAEC" box="[542,597,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the presence of
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465CF586C5FACEFAEC" authority="(Laubenfels, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[983,1344,1278,1303]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lampa">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465CF586C5FBEBFAEC" box="[983,1125,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Pione lampa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465B5186C4FAB6FAEC" author="Laubenfels" box="[1139,1336,1278,1303]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1950. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels, 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
at Caño Island (
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465FC98719FEE5FAC0" box="[235,363,1314,1339]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
), which is most likely a misidentification for this Atlantic sponge (
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465B418719FAA9FAC0" author="Soest" box="[1123,1319,1314,1339]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C. H. L., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. (2016) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 10 December 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Soest
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465B8B871EFB6CFAC0" box="[1193,1250,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). We have no means to assess which
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465EF7877DFD98FAA5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[469,534,1351,1374]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465EF7877DFD98FAA5" box="[469,534,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Pione</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species they referred to. If they decided on
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465B0C877DFB1AFAA4" baseAuthorityName="Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1070,1172,1350,1375]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lampa">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465B0C877DFB1AFAA4" box="[1070,1172,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">P. lampa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it had a beta morphology, then we rule out that they meant
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465D8A8756FCB7FA78" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1867" box="[680,825,1388,1411]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465D8A8756FCB7FA78" box="[680,825,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">P. carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this study the latter species ocurred in
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465A008750FA16FA78" box="[1314,1432,1386,1411]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465FB587B5FE9FFA5C" box="[151,273,1422,1447]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7BE5465E6587B5FE2DFA5D" box="[327,419,1423,1446]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465E6587B5FE2DFA5D" box="[327,419,1423,1446]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, with the first two countries being new records for it (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B7BE5465CDC87B4FBC1FA5C" box="[1022,1103,1422,1447]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1173,1195]" captionTargetBox="[157,1435,193,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1435,193,1152]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 28.Distribution of Pione cf.carpenteri in the study area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147267/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B7BE5465FE58788FAC5F9A0" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B7BE5465FE58788FAC5F9A0" blockId="23.[151,1437,882,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465FE58788FEB5FA30" bold="true" box="[199,315,1458,1483]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Remarks.</emphasis>
We described
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465EFC878EFDE0FA30" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1867" box="[478,622,1460,1483]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465EFC878EFDE0FA30" box="[478,622,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">P. carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the “conferre” epithet (“cf.”), because it belongs to a taxonomically difficult and not well-documented genus and because it does not differ much from other
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465B4F87EDFB21FA15" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1133,1199,1495,1518]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465B4F87EDFB21FA15" box="[1133,1199,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Pione</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B7BE5465A0A87ECFA0FFA14" box="[1320,1409,1494,1519]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B7BE5465A0A87ECFA0FFA14" box="[1320,1409,1494,1519]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
. It largely compares well to
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465EE587C6FDD2F9E8" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1867" box="[455,604,1532,1555]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465EE587C6FDD2F9E8" box="[455,604,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">P. carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B7BE5465C0F87C0FBBCF9E8" box="[813,1074,1530,1555]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A. &amp; Gomez, P. (2004) Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 353 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00126. x" type="journal article">
Carballo
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465CB887C6FC56F9E8" box="[922,984,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, but the microspination of the microrhabds and oxeas in the Mexican samples is less pronounced than in the Central American samples. At this stage, most records of
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B7BE5465EB6847EFE5BF9A0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[404,469,1604,1627]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B7BE5465EB6847EFE5BF9A0" box="[404,469,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Pione</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species cannot easily be accepted as correct, and further studies are warranted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>