217 lines
17 KiB
XML
217 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1d3a64a-8e98-4b0d-8aec-bf95082794d1" ID-PMC="PMC6060227" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049--45" ID-PubMed="30057481" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-4049--45" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Cryptic species diversity in polypores: the Skeletocutisnivea species complex" checkinTime="1553125620410" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Korhonen, Aku, Seelan, Jaya Seelan Sathiya & Miettinen, Otto" docDate="2018" docId="BB9C670566B8C39EEA423005C1776125" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 36: 45-82" docOrigin="MycoKeys 36" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27002" docTitle="Skeletocutis nivea Korhonen, Seelan & Miettinen, 2018, complex" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFC8FFDFC57AFF9BFFDBFF8806188648" masterDocTitle="Cryptic species diversity in polypores: the Skeletocutisnivea species complex" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668136019253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cryptic species diversity in polypores: the Skeletocutisnivea species complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Korhonen, Aku</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seelan, Jaya Seelan Sathiya</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miettinen, Otto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27002</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27002</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049--45</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154474006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BB9C670566B8C39EEA423005C1776125" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB9C670566B8C39EEA423005C1776125" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Skeletocutis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Skeletocutis nivea" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nivea">Skeletocutis nivea</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="45">complex</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Basidiocarps (Fig. 4) annual to sometimes perennial; half-resupinate (resupinate with a pileate edge) to resupinate; hard when dry; surface of pileus white to ochraceous, sometimes turning black when old (Fig. 4C); pore surface cream coloured with ochraceous tints, bluish or greenish colour sometimes develops in the tubes (Fig. 4E); context and subiculum with coriaceous consistency and whitish colour; pores 6-10 per mm; tube layer darker than context.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Figure 4. Fruiting bodies of the
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Skeletocutis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Skeletocutis nivea" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nivea">Skeletocutis nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex. A
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nemoralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nemoralis">S. nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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, Korhonen 86 B
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nemoralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nemoralis">S. nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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, Korhonen 89 C
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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, epitype D
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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, Miettinen 16350 E
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. semipileata" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="semipileata">S. semipileata</taxonomicName>
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with a characteristic bluish colour on pore surface, epitype F
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. unguina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="unguina">S. unguina</taxonomicName>
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, holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Hyphal structure: context and subiculum seemingly trimitic (Fig. 5C); hyphae are parallel near cap surface, forming a homogenous, coriaceous texture; skeletal hyphae prevailing, unbranched, thick-walled and often solid, refractive; generative hyphae relatively scarce, clamped, sometimes with (unevenly and irregularly) thickened walls and rarely with sandy encrustation, rarely producing generocystidia (encrusted tips of generative hyphae) with thorny encrustation; 'binding
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<normalizedToken originalValue="hyphae’">hyphae'</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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) 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, arbuscule-like, simple-septate side-branches of generative hyphae, thin-walled to solid and refractive, developing later than skeletal hyphae and sometimes missing in young parts of context/subiculum but becoming dominant in older parts, sometimes filling up the old tube layer.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Figure 5. Microscopic structures of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Skeletocutis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Skeletocutis ochroalba" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ochroalba">Skeletocutis ochroalba</taxonomicName>
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(reproduced after
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<bibRefCitation author="Niemelae, T" journalOrPublisher="Naturaliste Canadien" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="445 - 472" title="Mycoflora of Poste-de-la-Baleine, Northern Quebec. Polypores and the Hymenochaetales." volume="112" year="1985">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Niemelä">Niemelae</normalizedToken>
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(1985)
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</bibRefCitation>
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). A spores B encrusted tomentum hyphae arising from dense cortical tissue C section through context, showing generative and skeletal hyphae and ramified side-branches resembling binding hyphae D ramified arbuscule-like binding hypha, arising from a generative hypha E dissepiment edge hyphae F cystidioles and basidioles G vertical section through a dissepiment edge, showing trama, hymenium with a hyphal peg and sparsely encrusted dissepiment edge hyphae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Trama (Fig. 5G) monomitic to dimitic; hyphae interwoven, tightly subparallel; generative hyphae 1-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, usually prevailing, clamped, thin-walled or sometimes with slightly thickened walls; skeletal hyphae (Fig. 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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) looking different from those in context and subiculum, sparse, sometimes apparently missing, originating from tramal generative hyphae, winding and irregularly wide (up to 5+
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) with spacious lumen, walls usually only slightly thickened, slightly refractive; generative hyphae in dissepiment edges (Fig. 5E and G) ca. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, thin-walled, slightly undulating, often somewhat irregularly shaped towards the tips, bare to richly encrusted with sandy crystals.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Figure 6. Microscopic structures of the
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Skeletocutis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Skeletocutis nivea" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nivea">Skeletocutis nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex. A
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lepida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="lepida">S. lepida</taxonomicName>
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, tramal skeletal hypha amongst generative hyphae (holotype) B
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. semipileata" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="semipileata">S. semipileata</taxonomicName>
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, ends of generative and skeletal hyphae in trama (Miettinen 17135) C
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nemoralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nemoralis">S. nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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, tube trama and hymenium (holotype) D
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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, tube trama and hymenium with encrusted generocystidia (epitype) E
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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, basidia (Miettinen 16350) F
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. semipileata" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="semipileata">S. semipileata</taxonomicName>
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, basidia (epitype) G
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cummata" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cummata">S. cummata</taxonomicName>
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, the largest basidia in the the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Niemelä">Niemelae</normalizedToken>
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9088).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Hymenium with fusiform cystidiols (Fig. 5F), often weakly differentiated and inconspicuous but sometimes with strongly elongated apices; hyphal pegs (Fig. 5G) common; heavily encrusted, thorny generocystidia (Fig. 6D) originating from subhymenial hyphae and emerging through hymenium, common especially in older parts of hymenium but sometimes forming amongst dissepiment edge hyphae; basidia (Fig. 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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) (5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)6–9(–">-)6-9(-</normalizedToken>
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10)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×(2.2–)2.7–3.7(–">x(2.2-)2.7-3.7(-</normalizedToken>
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4)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, tetrasterigmatic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Basidiospores (Fig. 7) narrowly allantoid, 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.0×0.4–">-4.0x0.4-</normalizedToken>
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0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Q’=3.4–">Q'=3.4-</normalizedToken>
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7.0, IKI-, CB- (contents CB+).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Figure 7. Spores of selected species in the
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Skeletocutis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Skeletocutis nivea" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nivea">Skeletocutis nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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The tramal hyphal structure in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ochroalba" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ochroalba">S. ochroalba</taxonomicName>
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has traditionally been described as monomitic. However, our microscopic study revealed two distinct hyphal types existing in the trama of all species in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex. Amongst the normal clamped and thin-walled generative hyphae, there are usually at least some notably wider and slightly thick-walled hyphae which seem to lack clamps. We call these special hyphae tramal skeletal hyphae. They appear to originate from the generative hyphae in the trama and reach down almost to the pore mouths. Usually the lack of clamps, greater width and thicker walls help to tell them apart from generative hyphae in the trama. Although the tramal skeletal hyphae are usually wide and only slightly thick-walled, some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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had narrower and solid skeletal hyphae in the trama.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Sometimes the tramal hyphal structure is dominated by the skeletal hyphae but sometimes they seem to be missing completely or occur only sporadically in otherwise monomitic tramal structure (at least in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nemoralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nemoralis">S. nemoralis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. semipileata" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="semipileata">S. semipileata</taxonomicName>
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). They can also be difficult to detect when the whole tramal structure becomes sclerified and generative hyphae also develop thickened walls, which was observed in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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. In general, clear detection of tramal skeletal hyphae is easiest in a squash mount from very thin longitudinal slices of the tube layer which have been properly thinned to an almost disintegrated state.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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The nature of the arbuscule-like 'binding
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<normalizedToken originalValue="hyphae’">hyphae'</normalizedToken>
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has been discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="David, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturaliste Canadien" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="235 - 272" title="Etude monographique du genre Skeletocutis (Polyporaceae)." volume="109" year="1982">David (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Niemelae, T" journalOrPublisher="Naturaliste Canadien" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="445 - 472" title="Mycoflora of Poste-de-la-Baleine, Northern Quebec. Polypores and the Hymenochaetales." volume="112" year="1985">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Niemelä">Niemelae</normalizedToken>
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(1985)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and both express some reservations about using the term
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘trimitic’">'trimitic'</normalizedToken>
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to describe the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex. They point out that the 'binding
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<normalizedToken originalValue="hyphae’">hyphae'</normalizedToken>
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in the morphospecies
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ochroalba" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ochroalba">S. ochroalba</taxonomicName>
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originate as clampless side-branches of the generative hyphae and, hence, they are not binding hyphae proper, such as those of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trametes" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Trametes</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="David, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturaliste Canadien" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="235 - 272" title="Etude monographique du genre Skeletocutis (Polyporaceae)." volume="109" year="1982">David (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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studied the staining reactions of the hyphal walls and noted that the walls of the 'binding
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<normalizedToken originalValue="hyphae’">hyphae'</normalizedToken>
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are congophilic and non-metachromatic whereas the walls of the skeletal hyphae are non-congophilic and metachromatic. Our observations confirm that all species in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nivea" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="nivea">S. nivea</taxonomicName>
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complex appear to be similar in this respect.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |