205 lines
23 KiB
XML
205 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="2FEF9D61FB1450B207BBAAF9DACB0C10" ID-CLB-Dataset="8063" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ebe62fc-b086-459e-b9fd-8a75ded875c7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547842" ID-ZooBank="56476487-ABC9-4C1C-A73F-D39E55DB9005" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613632401885" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming" docDate="2021" docId="BB593765FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FB08FB62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4933.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4933 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Microcosmus exasperatus Heller 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="47604F1DFFA9E731FFFBFFE4FFF4FFC3" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698930182887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="C46E58D9FAD18C11CD2DF83803CF3DFF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ED1B8D7701BD04E0F96540FD71BC91DE">
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<mods:title id="C216704E231E409A2FC12C6F7DF55694">Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F7B39BA90C504128DAB881428E2CC2C1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DCBBA865766DCC99641DC655D8D0C1D6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="65A3B918EEFFFB46107995BAA2D9C4BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2C9A69D1474E6643178EB20374599089">Lambert, Gretchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FFF4804307E22CA86235F3A9A0FFD903">University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor WA 98250, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7FB4AE509F06869771043EB32F10B8BF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DA513748427DE4FB325ED3003C81A537">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EFF24E43A5ACAD5FF9D973CF7F3F512E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02AC9274B6E5796E5E2B157662CD0C19">Lee, Serina Siew-Chen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A19024698FA061EC7E01FA5892C4918C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9326-0941</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB996D70A4C145360F686A8876D8E7C9">St John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227. & serina. lee @ nus. edu. sg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9326 - 0941</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1EAFD8C20D4C29A4A8BD7BB94278E0F2" type="email">serina.lee@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="41CEB3C73DEB91B218E2D985B2FE4B05">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FB5F998148B8860A368ACD7356197669">Teo, Serena Lay-Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E28C2ECD0ACC51508354C3B5137F3114" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3309-4715</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="21CD51FA66286B4F40E7078CA735311E">St John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227. & tmsteolm @ nus. edu. sg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3309 - 4715</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA6E09CE5D0D4FFEA8F1E347FE0AF80F" type="email">tmsteolm@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="226933D2D48543CD6784C4E19905040D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B0EAC16D770AF1B1392F64642A92E09A">
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<mods:date id="DA1E5D3E4DA4D839C226596ED8E9D72A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CD72C1718B562E4D6C3BE1C305E1929C">2021-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9BFD220D1260E6975FDDCB19F863E0CA">4933</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="43C8D4328DD2A2743DBED391F4227E8B" type="CLB-Dataset">8063</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1239AF319799F86B72451D261E4F976F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A4C7832321F1069342CAB0CCD52C068E" type="GBIF-Dataset">8ebe62fc-b086-459e-b9fd-8a75ded875c7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="BB593765FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FB08FB62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547974" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179906383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547974" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BB593765FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FB08FB62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB593765FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FB08FB62" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="7BEAD5F8FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FD99FE6E" box="[151,621,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FD99FE6E" blockId="28.[151,621,403,466]" box="[151,621,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="6807311FFFB5E72DFF6CFE77FD99FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,621,403,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FD99FE6E" authority="Heller, 1878" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,621,403,429]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exasperatus">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FD99FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,621,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFB5E72DFF6CFE77FE24FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,464,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Microcosmus exasperatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFB5E72DFE23FE77FD99FE6E" author="Heller, C." box="[472,621,403,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="83 - 110" refId="ref17410" refString="Heller, C. (1878) Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 77 (1), 83 - 110." type="journal article" year="1878">Heller, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7BEAD5F8FFB5E72DFF6CFE53FB08FB62" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF6CFE53FEC3FE11" blockId="28.[151,621,403,466]" box="[151,311,439,466]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<figureCitation id="ABCB9AF6FFB5E72DFF6CFE53FEC3FE11" box="[151,311,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-17@29.[186,1401,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11. A, B: Microcosmus exasperatus. A: whole animal right side, 1.2 cm in height; B: siphonal spines, largest 44 um long; C: Microcosmus helleri in tunic, 2 cm in width, showing opened edges of embedded bivalve (arrow); D: bivalve removed from host tunic; E: anterior end of small Pyura curvigona (2 cm total length) partially embedded in Polyandrocarpa rollandi colony; F: P. curvigona siphonal spines, longest 211 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4547874/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 11A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF6CFE1BFB34FD45" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Individuals may reach
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFB5E72DFE6FFE1BFE3FFDD9" box="[404,459,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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across, usually somewhat wider than tall, with a thick ridge of tunic between the widely spaced siphons especially when contracted. Siphonal spines small, dense, curved and sharply pointed, usually up to about
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFB5E72DFF27FDA3FED0FDA1" box="[220,292,583,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
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in length but may be slightly longer in large specimens. Tunic lining purple, siphonal lining red striped and mottled. Dorsal tubercle inrolled. Gonad in three parts on each side, left gonad crosses gut.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF3CFD6BFBA3FD69" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" box="[199,1111,655,682]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">#0154A, nine branchial folds per side. One gammarid amphipod in branchial sac.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF3CFD57FEE0FCD5" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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#3799C, juvenile
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFB5E72DFE75FD57FE2EFD0D" box="[398,474,691,718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
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long. Creamy white tunic with red striping; resembles
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFB5E72DFBBBFD57FAD4FD0E" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1885" box="[1088,1312,691,717]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillata">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFB5E72DFBBBFD57FAD4FD0E" box="[1088,1312,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Polycarpa papillata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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externally. Oral siphon terminal, atrial siphon far back; siphons with red striping. Gonads not well developed but in the typical three parts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF3CFCFBFD4FFCF9" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" box="[199,699,799,826]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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#3827D, one small, on
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFB5E72DFE37FCFBFD40FCFA" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[460,692,799,825]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentata">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFB5E72DFE37FCFBFD40FCFA" box="[460,692,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Polycarpa argentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF3CFCA7FD3DFC42" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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#4614, small;
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||
<quantity id="F4082B96FFB5E72DFE9EFCA7FE45FC9D" box="[357,433,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
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anteroposteriorly. Siphonal spines up to
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<quantity id="F4082B96FFB5E72DFC8CFCA7FC4BFC9D" box="[887,959,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 µm</quantity>
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long including embedded basal part. Eight branchial folds on the right side, seven on the left.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF3CFC6FFE1BFC2E" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFE98FC6FFE5DFC66" box="[355,425,907,933]" name="China" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFE41FC68FDEBFC65" box="[442,543,908,934]" name="Taiwan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Formosa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFDD4FC6FFD6BFC66" box="[559,671,907,933]" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFD4BFC6FFCC5FC66" box="[688,817,907,933]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFCB9FC6FFC42FC66" box="[834,950,907,933]" name="Singapore" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFC3DFC6FFBDCFC66" box="[966,1064,907,933]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFBCCFC6FFB55FC66" box="[1079,1185,907,933]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, Hawaii,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFAEDFC6FFAA9FC66" box="[1302,1373,907,933]" name="Guam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFA95FC6FFA6CFC66" box="[1390,1432,907,933]" name="Fiji" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFF6CFC4BFF3BFC0A" box="[151,207,943,969]" name="Micronesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Truk</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFF27FC54FE78FC0A" box="[220,396,943,970]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFE62FC4BFDABFC0A" box="[409,607,943,969]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
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, Galápagos, E. and W. Africa, Suez and eastern Mediterranean, SE.
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFA98FC4BFA63FC0A" box="[1379,1431,943,969]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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, Caribbean,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFEE3FC37FE63FC2E" box="[280,407,979,1005]" name="Martinique" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Martinique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4BE7C6E3FFB5E72DFE58FC37FE1FFC2E" box="[419,491,979,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="334F8673FFB5E72DFF3CFC13FB08FB62" blockId="28.[151,1437,511,1186]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Detailed references:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFB5E72DFE55FC1CFD9FFBD2" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[430,619,1015,1042]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="49 - 174" refId="ref23166" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1918) Ascidians from the Philippines and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100, 49 - 174." type="journal article" year="1918">Van Name (1918</bibRefCitation>
|
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as
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<taxonomicName id="F4F0FDF0FFB5E72DFD6BFC1CFC95FBD2" box="[656,865,1016,1041]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exasperatus">
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<emphasis id="01845A61FFB5E72DFD6BFC1CFC95FBD2" box="[656,865,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pyura exasperatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1945);
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<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFB5E72DFC44FC13FBADFBD1" author="Millar, R. H." box="[959,1113,1015,1042]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="205 - 336" refId="ref19588" refString="Millar, R. H. (1975) Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia, 3, 205 - 336." type="journal article" year="1975">Millar (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFB5E72DFB9FFC1CFB14FBD2" author="Kott, P." box="[1124,1248,1015,1042]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="147 - 212" refId="ref18046" refString="Kott, P. (1981) The ascidians of the reef flats of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 105, 147 - 212." type="journal article" year="1981">Kott (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFB5E72DFB17FC13FADCFBD1" author="Kott, P." box="[1260,1320,1015,1042]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref18109" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1987),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5761FB82FFB5E72DFE3AFBFFFD02FBF6" author="Cole, L. & Vorontsova, M." box="[449,758,1051,1078]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref16757" refString="Cole, L. & Vorontsova, M. (1998) Species of Pyuridae (Ascidiacea) from South Vietnam. Bulletin of Marine Science, 62, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1998">Cole & Vorontsova (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Monniot C. (2002), Monniot F. (2010, 2018c),
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |