treatments-xml/data/B8/E5/A8/B8E5A82C5F495C2D837B1F6FA292AE7B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a5e6961-ced4-4fe1-b2b0-baed782c80cd" ID-PMC="PMC7431445" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-957-105" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A76FD807E0E75726ACF6A08A6AE0F13F" ID-PubMed="32863714" ID-ZooBank="11D608E770FD44C487616A6EFFF82AEB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-957-105" checkinTime="1597091659314" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nieukerken, Erik J. van &amp; Eiseman, Charles S." docDate="2020" docId="B8E5A82C5F495C2D837B1F6FA292AE7B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 957: 105-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 957" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" docTitle="Aspilanta argentifera Nieukerken &amp; Eiseman 2020, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A76FD807E0E75726ACF6A08A6AE0F13F" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="A76FD807E0E75726ACF6A08A6AE0F13F" masterDocTitle="Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1668169218751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nieukerken@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>276 Old Wendell Rd., Northfield, MA 01360, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>957</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166160137" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B8E5A82C5F495C2D837B1F6FA292AE7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8E5A82C5F495C2D837B1F6FA292AE7B" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName LSID="B8E5A82C-5F49-5C2D-837B-1F6FA292AE7B" authority="(Braun, 1927)" authorityName="Nieukerken &amp; Eiseman" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Aspilanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspilanta argentifera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentifera" status="comb. n.">Aspilanta argentifera (Braun, 1927)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="105">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Aspilanta species, mounted adult moths. 1 A. oinophylla, male, USA, VT, RMNH. INS. 24378 2 A. hydrangaeella, female, USA, NC, RMNH. INS. 25191 3 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, USA, CT, RMNH. INS. 24377 4 A argentifera, female, USA, MA, RMNH. INS. 25019 5 A. voraginella, male, USA, AZ, RMNH. INS. 23918 6 A. argentifera, female holotype 7 Undescribed species in unnamed genus 14 (&quot; Neospila &quot;), male, Chile, Osorno, 20 km W of Entre Lagos, 17. x. 1981, leg. Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide EJvN 4632, ZMUC 8 A. viticordifoliella, female, Canada, Ottawa, from Parthenocissus, CNCLEP 00122404. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440912" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Aspilanta species, mounted adult moths. 1 A. oinophylla, male, USA, VT, RMNH. INS. 24378 2 A. hydrangaeella, female, USA, NC, RMNH. INS. 25191 3 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, USA, CT, RMNH. INS. 24377 4 A argentifera, female, USA, MA, RMNH. INS. 25019 5 A. voraginella, male, USA, AZ, RMNH. INS. 23918 6 A. argentifera, female holotype 7 Undescribed species in unnamed genus 14 (&quot; Neospila &quot;), male, Chile, Osorno, 20 km W of Entre Lagos, 17. x. 1981, leg. Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide EJvN 4632, ZMUC 8 A. viticordifoliella, female, Canada, Ottawa, from Parthenocissus, CNCLEP 00122404. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440912" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–13" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12 - 13. Aspilanta species, denuded wings, showing venation. 12 A. voraginella, male, RMNH. INS. 23917 13 A. argentifera, male, RMNH. INS. 23917. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures12-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440914" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–33" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 29 - 33. Aspilanta species, female genitalia. 29 A. argentifera, RMNH. INS. 25019 30 A. oinophylla, RMNH. INS. 24211. 31 - 33 Tip of oviscapt: 31 A. argentifera, RMNH. INS. 25019 32 A. oinophylla, RMNH. INS. 24211 33 A. ampelopsifoliella, RMNH. INS. 15220. Scale bars: 200 μm (29, 30); 50 μm (31 - 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures29-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440917" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–33" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 29 - 33. Aspilanta species, female genitalia. 29 A. argentifera, RMNH. INS. 25019 30 A. oinophylla, RMNH. INS. 24211. 31 - 33 Tip of oviscapt: 31 A. argentifera, RMNH. INS. 25019 32 A. oinophylla, RMNH. INS. 24211 33 A. ampelopsifoliella, RMNH. INS. 15220. Scale bars: 200 μm (29, 30); 50 μm (31 - 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures29-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440917" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 31</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–42" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 34 - 42. Aspilanta species, larval morphology, final feeding instar (4 th) and non-feeding instar (5 th, 36). 34 A. ampelopsifoliella, ventral aspect, ethanol preserved larva, RMNH. INS. 18672 P 35 A. viticordifoliella, ventral aspect, ethanol preserved larva, RMNH. INS. 18509 P 36 A. argentifera, head capsule, RMNH. INS. 18566 P 37 - 39 A. ampelopsifoliella, head and thorax, resp. focussed at mid levels (head only), dorsally and ventrally, RMNH. INS. 18672 P 40 A. oinophylla, head and thorax, RMNH. INS. 18394 P 41 A. ampelopsifoliella, last 3 abdominal segments, dorsal aspect, RMNH. INS. 18672 P 42 A. oinophylla, last 3 abdominal segments, ventral aspect, RMNH. INS. 18394 P. Scale bars: 1 mm (34, 35), 100 μm (36, 37, 41, 42), 200 μm (38 - 40)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures34-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440918" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 36</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Aspilanta species, live adult moths. 45 A. oinophylla, male, Italy, Suedtirol, Eisacktal, Klausen, 650 m, e. l. 1. viii. 2019, photograph Dieter Robrecht 46 A. hydrangaeella, female, dorsal view, NC, photograph EJvN 47 A. ampelopsifoliella, female, Pelham MA, photograph CSE 48 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, dorsal view, VT, photograph EJvN 49 A. argentifera, female, Stockbridge MA, photograph CSE 50 A. viticordifoliella, female, Pelham MA, photograph CSE." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440921" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 49</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–96" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 88 - 96. Aspilanta argentifera, leafmines, larvae and shields. 88 NC, Laurinburg, 27. ix. 2016, Morella cerifera, CSE 89 MA, Northfield, 26. x. 2015, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 90 VT, Chickering Bog, 6. ix. 2015, Myrica gale, EvN 2015222, showing wilted leaf tip 91, 96 MA, Erving, 27. x. 2014, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 1557 92, 93 MA, Nantucket, Radar Hill, 15. xi. 2015, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 2398, same mine at different stages 94 MA, Stockbridge, 16. vii. 2017, Myrica gale CSE 4096, showing very long linear portion directly along midrib 95 MA, Nantucket, UMass field station, 5. xi. 2017, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 4546." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures88-96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440926" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 88-96</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila argentifera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentifera">Antispila argentifera</taxonomicName>
Braun, 1927a: Holotype ♀, Canada, Ontario, Sparrow Lake, 16.vii.1926, 
<taxonomicName family="Heliozelidae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A." order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="genus">A.</taxonomicName>
Braun, on young leaves of birch. (ANSP) [Photograph examined, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Aspilanta species, mounted adult moths. 1 A. oinophylla, male, USA, VT, RMNH. INS. 24378 2 A. hydrangaeella, female, USA, NC, RMNH. INS. 25191 3 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, USA, CT, RMNH. INS. 24377 4 A argentifera, female, USA, MA, RMNH. INS. 25019 5 A. voraginella, male, USA, AZ, RMNH. INS. 23918 6 A. argentifera, female holotype 7 Undescribed species in unnamed genus 14 (&quot; Neospila &quot;), male, Chile, Osorno, 20 km W of Entre Lagos, 17. x. 1981, leg. Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide EJvN 4632, ZMUC 8 A. viticordifoliella, female, Canada, Ottawa, from Parthenocissus, CNCLEP 00122404. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440912" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6</figureCitation>
.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila argentifera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentifera">Antispila argentifera</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Needham, JG" journalOrPublisher="Williams &amp; Wilkins, Baltimore" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" publicationUrl="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5890390" refId="B71" refString="Needham, JG, Frost, SW, Tothill, BH, 1928. Leaf-mining insects. Williams &amp; Wilkins, Baltimore, http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5890390" title="Leaf-mining insects." url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5890390" year="1928">Needham et al. 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 289; 
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 171" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52405419" refId="B63" refString="McDunnough, J, 1939. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, 2. Microlepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 2: 1 - 171, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52405419" title="Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, 2. Microlepidoptera." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52405419" volume="2" year="1939">McDunnough 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 91; 
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, DR" journalOrPublisher="Classey, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B19" refString="Davis, DR, 1983b. Heliozelidae. In: Hodges RW, Dominick T, Davis DR, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Munroe EG, Powell JA (Eds) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico, including Greenland. Classey, London, 4." title="Heliozelidae. In: Hodges RW, Dominick T, Davis DR, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Munroe EG, Powell JA (Eds) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico, including Greenland. Classey, London, 4." year="1983 b">Davis 1983b</bibRefCitation>
: 4; van 
<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" editor="Pohl, GR" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Series Faunistica" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="41 - 42" refId="B77" refString="Nieukerken, EJ van, Pohl, GR, 2018. Family Heliozelidae Heinemann &amp; Wocke, 1876 (shield-bearer moths). In: Pohl, GR, Landry, J-F, Schmidt, BC, Lafontaine, JD, Macaulay, AD, Troubridge, JT, Nieukerken, EJ van, DeWaard, JR, Dombroskie, JJ, Klymko, J, Nazari, V, Stead, K, Eds., Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Series Faunistica 118: 41 - 42" title="Family Heliozelidae Heinemann &amp; Wocke, 1876 (shield-bearer moths)." volume="118" volumeTitle="Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska." year="2018">Nieukerken and Pohl 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 42; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.004" author="Milla, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="129 - 143" refId="B68" refString="Milla, L, Nieukerken, EJ van, Vijverberg, R, Doorenweerd, C, Wilcox, SA, Halsey, M, Young, DA, Jones, T, Kallies, A, Hilton, DJ, 2017. A preliminary molecular phylogeny of shield-bearer moths (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) highlights rich undescribed diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 120: 129 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.004" title="A preliminary molecular phylogeny of shield-bearer moths (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) highlights rich undescribed diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.004" volume="120" year="2017">Milla et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 140; 
<bibRefCitation author="Eiseman, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" publicationUrl="http://charleyeiseman.com/leafminers" refId="B28" refString="Eiseman, C, 2019. Leafminers of North America (1st edn). Charley Eiseman, 1806 pp. http://charleyeiseman.com/leafminers" title="Leafminers of North America (1 st edn). Charley Eiseman, 1806 pp." url="http://charleyeiseman.com/leafminers" year="2019">Eiseman 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 189, 190, 976, 1082, 1085, 1090, 1093.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
species on sweet fern; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23875" author="Forbes, WTM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 792" refId="B35" refString="Forbes, WTM, 1923. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Primitive forms Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 68: 1 - 792, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23875" title="The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Primitive forms Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23875" volume="68" year="1923">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 227.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
n. sp., 
<bibRefCitation author="Grehan, JR" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 86" publicationUrl="http://www.uvm.edu/vmc/attachments/project/999/reports/VTmothsbutterflies.pdf" refId="B40" refString="Grehan, JR, Parker, BL, Nielsen, GR, Miller, DH, Hedbor, JD, Sabourin, M, Griggs, MS, 1995. Moths and butterflies of Vermont (Lepidoptera), a faunal checklist. A joint Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station and State of Vermont publication. Miscellaneous Publication 116: 1 - 86, http://www.uvm.edu/vmc/attachments/project/999/reports/VTmothsbutterflies.pdf" title="Moths and butterflies of Vermont (Lepidoptera), a faunal checklist. A joint Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station and State of Vermont publication." url="http://www.uvm.edu/vmc/attachments/project/999/reports/VTmothsbutterflies.pdf" volume="116" year="1995">Grehan et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 46 [Vermont, from 
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peregrina">Comptonia peregrina</taxonomicName>
, det. D.L. Wagner]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
Wingspan ca. 4.0-5.2 mm, forewing length 1.8-2.4 mm. Externally separable from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="oinophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. oinophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="ampelopsifoliella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">ampelopsifoliella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the darker brassy head scaling, the grey fringe and the indistinct fringe line; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. argentifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="argentifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. argentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also smaller. Relatively similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. voraginella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="voraginella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. voraginella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is only known from the Southwestern states. Male genitalia with tegumen distinctly bilobed, valvae with 9-12 pecten sensilla, phallus without strong appendices (only one slide examined). Mines on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished from those of an unnamed 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Coptodisca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coptodisca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Coptodisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, which occurs especially in the Southeast, by the larger cut-out, and the overall larger mine.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440921" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figures 45–50" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figures 45-50.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieukerken &amp; Eiseman" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Aspilanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspilanta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Aspilanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, live adult moths. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">45</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oinophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="oinophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. oinophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Italy, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
, Eisacktal, Klausen, 650 m, e.l. 1.viii.2019, photograph Dieter Robrecht 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">46</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hydrangaeella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="hydrangaeella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. hydrangaeella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, dorsal view, NC, photograph EJvN 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">47</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ampelopsifoliella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. ampelopsifoliella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Pelham MA, photograph CSE 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">48</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ampelopsifoliella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. ampelopsifoliella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, dorsal view, VT, photograph EJvN 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">49</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. argentifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="argentifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. argentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Stockbridge MA, photograph CSE 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">50</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. viticordifoliella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="viticordifoliella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. viticordifoliella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Pelham MA, photograph CSE.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures51-58" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440922" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figures 51–58" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figures 51-58.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieukerken &amp; Eiseman" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="van Nieukerken &amp; Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Aspilanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspilanta oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Aspilanta oinophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leafmines, larvae and shields. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">51, 52</emphasis>
GA, Chattahoochee NF, 14.x.2010, type locality, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Vitis aestivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, EvN2010266 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">53, 56 MA</emphasis>
, Northfield, 13.ix.2016, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. riparia" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="riparia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">V. riparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CSE 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">54, 58</emphasis>
TN, Great Smoky Mts NP, 2.x.2010, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. vulpina" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">V. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, EvN2010119 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">55, 57</emphasis>
VT, Button Bay SP, 16.ix.2011, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. riparia" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="riparia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">V. riparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, EvN2011253.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName family="Myricaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Myricaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pensylvanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="pensylvanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">M. pensylvanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cf. 
<bibRefCitation author="Wilbur, RL" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="31 - 41" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23313547" refId="B97" refString="Wilbur, RL, 2002. The identity and history of Myrica caroliniensis (Myricaceae). Rhodora 104: 31 - 41, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23313547" title="The identity and history of Myrica caroliniensis (Myricaceae)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23313547" volume="104" year="2002">Wilbur (2002)</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cerifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="cerifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">M. cerifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica gale" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Myrica gale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="leafmines">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Leafmines.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–96" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 88 - 96. Aspilanta argentifera, leafmines, larvae and shields. 88 NC, Laurinburg, 27. ix. 2016, Morella cerifera, CSE 89 MA, Northfield, 26. x. 2015, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 90 VT, Chickering Bog, 6. ix. 2015, Myrica gale, EvN 2015222, showing wilted leaf tip 91, 96 MA, Erving, 27. x. 2014, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 1557 92, 93 MA, Nantucket, Radar Hill, 15. xi. 2015, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 2398, same mine at different stages 94 MA, Stockbridge, 16. vii. 2017, Myrica gale CSE 4096, showing very long linear portion directly along midrib 95 MA, Nantucket, UMass field station, 5. xi. 2017, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 4546." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures88-96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440926" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">88-96</figureCitation>
) Egg in the examined mines inserted at the midrib. The mine starts with a linear portion, following the midrib towards the apex, sometimes difficult to see when it is very close to the midrib (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–96" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 88 - 96. Aspilanta argentifera, leafmines, larvae and shields. 88 NC, Laurinburg, 27. ix. 2016, Morella cerifera, CSE 89 MA, Northfield, 26. x. 2015, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 90 VT, Chickering Bog, 6. ix. 2015, Myrica gale, EvN 2015222, showing wilted leaf tip 91, 96 MA, Erving, 27. x. 2014, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 1557 92, 93 MA, Nantucket, Radar Hill, 15. xi. 2015, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 2398, same mine at different stages 94 MA, Stockbridge, 16. vii. 2017, Myrica gale CSE 4096, showing very long linear portion directly along midrib 95 MA, Nantucket, UMass field station, 5. xi. 2017, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 4546." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures88-96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440926" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">94</figureCitation>
); later becoming a small blotch extending from midrib to leaf margin. Frass blackish, varying from dispersed to concentrated near origin of mine; in linear portion a wide line in middle. Mines on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually very compact, on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Myrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more elongate; on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica gale" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Myrica gale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we observed several mines crossing the midrib, resulting in a wilting leaf tip that may drop off (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 88–96" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 88 - 96. Aspilanta argentifera, leafmines, larvae and shields. 88 NC, Laurinburg, 27. ix. 2016, Morella cerifera, CSE 89 MA, Northfield, 26. x. 2015, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 90 VT, Chickering Bog, 6. ix. 2015, Myrica gale, EvN 2015222, showing wilted leaf tip 91, 96 MA, Erving, 27. x. 2014, Comptonia peregrina, CSE 1557 92, 93 MA, Nantucket, Radar Hill, 15. xi. 2015, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 2398, same mine at different stages 94 MA, Stockbridge, 16. vii. 2017, Myrica gale CSE 4096, showing very long linear portion directly along midrib 95 MA, Nantucket, UMass field station, 5. xi. 2017, Morella caroliniensis, CSE 4546." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures88-96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440926" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">90</figureCitation>
). The larva cuts out an elliptic case ca. 2.5-3.5 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="larva">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Larva.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Pale yellowish green, head and prothorax brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="life history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Life history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Bivoltine. Larvae found in July and September to November, adults in June, July and August; specimens reared from fall mines emerged (indoors) in April to May, from July mines in August. Mines of the first generation seem to be very scarce.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Canada: Newfoundland*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island*, Quebec*; USA: Connecticut*, Massachusetts*, New York*, North Carolina*, Vermont.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="barcode">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Barcode.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
BIN: BOLD:ACG8654, average distance 0.66%, max. distance 2.25% (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">n</emphasis>
= 15), distance to nearest neighbour 11.67% (BOLD:ACF9350, an unidentified 
<taxonomicName family="Heliozelidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Heliozelidae</taxonomicName>
from Honduras).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="parasitoids">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Parasitoids.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" family="Eulophidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pediobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pediobius</taxonomicName>
? 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="albipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipes">albipes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Provancher, 1887) (NY), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Pnigalio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (MA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
Annette 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5956-3" author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="56 - 59" refId="B4" refString="Braun, AF, 1927a. New Microlepidoptera from Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 59: 56 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5956-3" title="New Microlepidoptera from Ontario." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5956-3" volume="59" year="1927 a">Braun (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
believed that the moth that she collected at Sparrow Lake belonged to long leafmines that she found on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same spot. Her description of the mine actually matches very well that of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Incurvariidae" genus="Phylloporia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloporia bistrigella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrigella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Phylloporia bistrigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Haworth, 1828) (
<taxonomicName family="Incurvariidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Incurvariidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Eiseman, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" publicationUrl="http://charleyeiseman.com/leafminers" refId="B28" refString="Eiseman, C, 2019. Leafminers of North America (1st edn). Charley Eiseman, 1806 pp. http://charleyeiseman.com/leafminers" title="Leafminers of North America (1 st edn). Charley Eiseman, 1806 pp." url="http://charleyeiseman.com/leafminers" year="2019">Eiseman 2019</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" publicationUrl="https://bladmineerders.nl/" refId="B30" refString="Ellis, WN, 2020. Leafminers and plant galls of Europe. Amsterdam. https://bladmineerders.nl/" title="Leafminers and plant galls of Europe. Amsterdam." url="https://bladmineerders.nl/" year="2020">Ellis 2020</bibRefCitation>
), a Holarctic species, widespread in Canada, but in 1927 poorly known in North America as either 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Incurvariidae" genus="Incurvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Incurvaria labradorella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labradorella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Incurvaria labradorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Clemens, 1864 or 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. aureovirens" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="aureovirens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">I. aureovirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dietz, 1905, which had not yet been associated with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and which were only later synonymised with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bistrigella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="bistrigella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">P. bistrigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, DR" editor="Hodges, RW" journalOrPublisher="Classey, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="3 - 4" refId="B18" refString="Davis, DR, 1983a. Incurvariidae. In: Hodges, RW, Dominick, T, Davis, DR, Ferguson, DC, Franclemont, JG, Munroe, EG, Powell, JA, Eds., Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico, including Greenland. Classey, London: 3 - 4" title="Incurvariidae." volumeTitle="Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico, including Greenland." year="1983 a">Davis (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
. On the basis of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Braun’s">Braun's</normalizedToken>
record of these leafmines, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bistrigella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="bistrigella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">P. bistrigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should also be listed for Ontario, a record missing from 
<bibRefCitation author="Pohl, GR" editor="Pohl, GR" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Series Faunistica" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="40 - 41" refId="B83" refString="Pohl, GR, 2018. Family Incurvariidae Spuler, 1898 (leafcutter moths). In: Pohl, GR, Landry, J-F, Schmidt, BC, Lafontaine, JD, Macaulay, AD, Troubridge, JT, Nieukerken, EJ van, DeWaard, JR, Dombroskie, JJ, Klymko, J, Nazari, V, Stead, K, Eds., Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Series Faunistica 118: 40 - 41" title="Family Incurvariidae Spuler, 1898 (leafcutter moths)." volume="118" volumeTitle="Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska." year="2018">Pohl (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. As we have never seen any heliozelid mine on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and as the Holotype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. argentifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="argentifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. argentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
externally matches the specimens reared from 
<taxonomicName family="Myricaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Myricaceae</taxonomicName>
, we are convinced that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="argentifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="argentifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">argentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the correct name for this species (see also 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.004" author="Milla, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="129 - 143" refId="B68" refString="Milla, L, Nieukerken, EJ van, Vijverberg, R, Doorenweerd, C, Wilcox, SA, Halsey, M, Young, DA, Jones, T, Kallies, A, Hilton, DJ, 2017. A preliminary molecular phylogeny of shield-bearer moths (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) highlights rich undescribed diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 120: 129 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.004" title="A preliminary molecular phylogeny of shield-bearer moths (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) highlights rich undescribed diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.004" volume="120" year="2017">Milla et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 140). According to 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5956-3" author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="56 - 59" refId="B4" refString="Braun, AF, 1927a. New Microlepidoptera from Ontario. Canadian Entomologist 59: 56 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5956-3" title="New Microlepidoptera from Ontario." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5956-3" volume="59" year="1927 a">Braun (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
, the holotype was a male, but the photograph (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Aspilanta species, mounted adult moths. 1 A. oinophylla, male, USA, VT, RMNH. INS. 24378 2 A. hydrangaeella, female, USA, NC, RMNH. INS. 25191 3 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, USA, CT, RMNH. INS. 24377 4 A argentifera, female, USA, MA, RMNH. INS. 25019 5 A. voraginella, male, USA, AZ, RMNH. INS. 23918 6 A. argentifera, female holotype 7 Undescribed species in unnamed genus 14 (&quot; Neospila &quot;), male, Chile, Osorno, 20 km W of Entre Lagos, 17. x. 1981, leg. Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide EJvN 4632, ZMUC 8 A. viticordifoliella, female, Canada, Ottawa, from Parthenocissus, CNCLEP 00122404. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440912" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6</figureCitation>
), kindly made by Mike Palmer, clearly shows a female, with protruding oviscapt. We refrain for now from borrowing and dissecting the holotype, as the characters of female genitalia have not been sufficiently studied, and a future dissection could possibly be combined with newer techniques for obtaining DNA data. Already 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23875" author="Forbes, WTM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 792" refId="B35" refString="Forbes, WTM, 1923. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Primitive forms Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 68: 1 - 792, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23875" title="The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Primitive forms Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23875" volume="68" year="1923">Forbes (1923)</bibRefCitation>
reported an 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Antispila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from sweet fern (= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which strange enough according to him &quot;has not been distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. isabella" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. isabella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
Specimens from Prince Edward Island were previously regarded as misidentifications (van 
<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" editor="Pohl, GR" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Series Faunistica" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="41 - 42" refId="B77" refString="Nieukerken, EJ van, Pohl, GR, 2018. Family Heliozelidae Heinemann &amp; Wocke, 1876 (shield-bearer moths). In: Pohl, GR, Landry, J-F, Schmidt, BC, Lafontaine, JD, Macaulay, AD, Troubridge, JT, Nieukerken, EJ van, DeWaard, JR, Dombroskie, JJ, Klymko, J, Nazari, V, Stead, K, Eds., Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Series Faunistica 118: 41 - 42" title="Family Heliozelidae Heinemann &amp; Wocke, 1876 (shield-bearer moths)." volume="118" volumeTitle="Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska." year="2018">Nieukerken and Pohl 2018</bibRefCitation>
) but are here re-identified as correct 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. argentifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="argentifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A. argentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Material: Adults examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
CANADA - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Nova Scotia</emphasis>
• 1 ♂; Barrington; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.56" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="43.56">43.56N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="65.57" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-65.57">65.57W</geoCoordinate>
; G.G. Lewis leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 20 Aug. 1970; EventId: 70-28; CNCLEP00122407. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ontario</emphasis>
• 1 ♀ (Holotype, photograph examined, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Aspilanta species, mounted adult moths. 1 A. oinophylla, male, USA, VT, RMNH. INS. 24378 2 A. hydrangaeella, female, USA, NC, RMNH. INS. 25191 3 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, USA, CT, RMNH. INS. 24377 4 A argentifera, female, USA, MA, RMNH. INS. 25019 5 A. voraginella, male, USA, AZ, RMNH. INS. 23918 6 A. argentifera, female holotype 7 Undescribed species in unnamed genus 14 (&quot; Neospila &quot;), male, Chile, Osorno, 20 km W of Entre Lagos, 17. x. 1981, leg. Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide EJvN 4632, ZMUC 8 A. viticordifoliella, female, Canada, Ottawa, from Parthenocissus, CNCLEP 00122404. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.957.53908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/440912" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6</figureCitation>
); Sparrow Lake; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.81" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="44.81">44.81N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79.4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-79.4">79.4W</geoCoordinate>
; 16 Jul. 1926; 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A." pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="genus">A.</taxonomicName>
F. Braun leg.; ANSP. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Prince Edward Island</emphasis>
• 1 ♂; Dalvay House, Can. Nat. Park; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.416" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="46.416">46.416N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.073" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-63.073">63.073W</geoCoordinate>
; 19 Jul. 1940; G.S.Walley leg.; Genitalia slide: MIC7517; CNCLEP00100470. • 1 ♂; same data as preceding; Genitalia slide: T.N.F. No. 405; CNCLEP00100469.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
USA - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Massachusetts</emphasis>
• 1 ♀; Berkshire Co, Stockbridge, Kampoosa Bog; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.294364" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.294365">42.294364N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.304347" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.304344">73.304347W</geoCoordinate>
; 16 Jul. 2017; C. S. Eiseman leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica gale" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Myrica gale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 09 Aug. 2017; EventId: CSE4096; RMNH. • 1 ♀; Franklin Co., Erving; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.618565" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.618565">42.618565N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.422256" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.42226">72.422256W</geoCoordinate>
; 27 Oct. 2014; C. S. Eiseman leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 18 May. 2015; EventId: CSE1557; Genitalia slide: EvN5019; RMNH.INS.25019. • 1 ♂; Franklin Co., Erving; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.618565" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.618565">42.618565N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.422256" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.42226">72.422256W</geoCoordinate>
; 27 Oct. 2014; C. S. Eiseman leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 18 May. 2015; EventId: CSE1557; CNCLEP00142071. • 1 ♀; Nantucket Co., Nantucket, Radar Hill; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.28390847" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.28391">41.28390847N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.03875002" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.03875">70.03875002W</geoCoordinate>
; 15 Nov. 2015; C. S. Eiseman leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 18 Apr. 2016; EventId: CSE2398; RMNH. • 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in copula); Nantucket Co., Nantucket, State Forest; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.26059" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.26059">41.26059N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.07991" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.07991">70.07991W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 9 m; 10 Jun. 2013; C. Eiseman leg.; EventId: CSE564; Genitalia slide: EvN5193; RMNH.INS.25193. • 1; Nantucket Co., Nantucket, State Forest; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.26059" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.26059">41.26059N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.07991" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.07991">70.07991W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 9 m; 10 Jun. 2013; C. Eiseman leg.; EventId: CSE563; RMNH. • 1 ♀; Nantucket Co., UMass field station; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.2942" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="41.2942">41.2942N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.0399" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-70.0399">70.0399W</geoCoordinate>
; 05 Nov. 2017; C.S. Eiseman leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 18 May. 2018; EventId: CSE4546; CSEC. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">New York</emphasis>
• 3; Orange Co., Cornwall, Black Rock Forest; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.396209" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.39621">41.396209N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="74.025219" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.02522">74.025219W</geoCoordinate>
; 30 Aug. 2019; Charley Eiseman &amp; Julia Blyth leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; emerged 07-30 Apr. 2020; EventId: CSE6145, CSE6169, CSE6188; CSEC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="larvae and leafmines examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Larvae and leafmines examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
USA - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Connecticut</emphasis>
• 1 larva, leafmines; New London Co, Connecticut College Arboretum; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.37929" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.37929">41.37929N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.11121" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.11121">72.11121W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 60 m; 10 Sep. 2011; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; EventId: EvN no 2011194-2M; RMNH.INS.18566.P, RMNH.INS.43558, RMNH.INS.43559. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Massachusetts</emphasis>
• vacated mines; Berkshire Co., Beartown State forest, Benedict Pond; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.20288" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.20288">42.20288N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.28913" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.28913">73.28913W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 485 m; 12 Sep. 2011; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; EventId: EvN no 2011211-H; RMNH.INS.43586. • Franklin Co., Northfield; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.646851" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.64685">42.646851N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.4247" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-72.4247">72.4247W</geoCoordinate>
; 26 Oct. 2015; Charley Eiseman leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; CSEC. • Franklin Co., Erving; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.618565" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.618565">42.618565N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.422256" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.42226">72.422256W</geoCoordinate>
; 27 Oct. 2014; Charley Eiseman &amp; Julia Blyth leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; EventId: CSE1479; CSEC. • Nantucket Co., Nantucket, Pout Ponds; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.277" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="41.277">41.277N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.046" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-70.046">70.046W</geoCoordinate>
; 03 Nov. 2013; Charley Eiseman &amp; Julia Blyth leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; CSEC. • Nantucket Co., Nantucket, UMass field station; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.295464" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.295464">41.295464N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.039325" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.03932">70.039325W</geoCoordinate>
; 05 Nov. 2017; Charley Eiseman &amp; Julia Blyth leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; EventId: CSE4445; CSEC. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">New York</emphasis>
• vacated mines; Essex Co, S Wilmington, W branch Ausable river; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.3662" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="44.3662">44.3662N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73.84118" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.84118">73.84118W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 340 m; 13 Sep. 2011; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; EventId: EvN no 2011223-3H; RMNH.INS.43610. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Vermont</emphasis>
• 3 larvae (used for transcriptome studies), leafmines; Washington Co., North Montpelier, Chickering Bog; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.3247" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="44.3247">44.3247N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.48089" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.48089">72.48089W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 365 m; 06 Sep. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken, C. Eiseman &amp; J. Blyth leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica gale" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Myrica gale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; EventId: EvN no 2015222-2M; RMNH.INS.30599, 30600, 30601, RMNH.INS.40367, RMNH.INS.40631.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">BOLD data, material not examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
CANADA - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Newfoundland and Labrador</emphasis>
• 1 ♀; Barachois Pond Provincial Park, Erin Mtn trail; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.469" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="48.469">48.469N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="58.256" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-58.256">58.256W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 240 m; 29 Jun. 2011; G.R.Pohl, D.W.Langor leg.; CCDB-23267-F01; NFC. • 1 ♂; J. T. Cheeseman Provincial Park; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.633" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.633">47.633N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="59.255" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-59.255">59.255W</geoCoordinate>
; 27 Jun. 2011; G.R.Pohl, L.Lafosse leg.; CCDB-23267-E06; NFC. • 1 ♀; Hwy 1, 5 km N jct Rte 480; 48.561N, 58.264W; alt. 138 m; 25 Jun. 2011; G.R.Pohl, D.W.Langor leg.; CCDB-23267-F05; NFC. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Quebec</emphasis>
• 3; Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, Quarry Island; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.2135" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.2135">50.2135N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.7979" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-63.7979">63.7979W</geoCoordinate>
; 19-26 Jun. 2013; Park Staff leg.; EventId: GMP#01092; BIOUG12280-D02, BIOUG12281-E02, BIOUG12281-E06. • 3; same locality data as preceding; 02-09 Jul. 2013; Park Staff leg.; EventId: GMP#01096; BIOUG12352-A11, BIOUG12352-H01, BIOUG12398-F05. • 1; same locality data as preceding; 16-24 Jul. 2013; Park Staff leg.; EventId: GMP#01100; BIOUG12408-H03.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="observations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Observations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
USA - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Massachusetts</emphasis>
• Plymouth Co., Marshfield, Hoyt Hall Preserve; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.066" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.066">42.066N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.678" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-70.678">70.678W</geoCoordinate>
; 29 Oct. 2016; Steven Whitebread leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Mill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella caroliniensis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella caroliniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (photographs examined). - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">New York</emphasis>
• Orange Co., Cornwall, Black Rock Forest; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41.39621" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.39621">41.39621N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="74.02522" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.02522">74.02522W</geoCoordinate>
; 30 Aug. 2019; Charley Eiseman &amp; Julia Blyth leg.; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Comptonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comptonia peregrina" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Comptonia peregrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37506602. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">North Carolina</emphasis>
• Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.747" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.747">34.747N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79.477" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-79.477">79.477W</geoCoordinate>
; 27 Sep. 2016; Tracy Feldman leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella cerifera" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella cerifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; https://bugguide.net/node/view/1298044/bgimage same locality as preceding; 08-09 Nov. 2016; Tracy Feldman leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella cerifera" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella cerifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; https://bugguide.net/node/view/1312510/bgimage, https://bugguide.net/node/view/1312770/bgimage • same locality as preceding; 16 Oct. 2017; Tracy Feldman leg.; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Morella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morella cerifera" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Morella cerifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; https://bugguide.net/node/view/1456019/bgimage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>