treatments-xml/data/B7/60/87/B76087BEFFA7FFB7FF7C81448019C16E.xml

<document id="E40B782D0A690D0D2019351F1AC62626" ID-DOI="10.25221/fee.512.1" ID-ISSN="2713-2196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658973" ID-ZooBank="1543D6D9-8C9A-4605-8AC1-C6B37E8A1029" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1736968221915" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wang, Chen-Bin" docDate="2024" docId="B76087BEFFA7FFB7FF7C81448019C16E" docLanguage="en" docName="FarEastEntomol.512.1-21.pdf" docOrigin="Far Eastern Entomologist 512" docSource="https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.512.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:68641B8F4A21450A5F9A74164B730F50.2:FarEastEntomol.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="68641B8F4A21450A5F9A74164B730F50" docStyleName="FarEastEntomol.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang et Zhu 2024, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="4B59FFC6FFA5FFBCFF9F82718156C43F" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae, Lucaninae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1736971272662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4B132F74B2DC3DDFB7E0D7A3725BE4E7">Two new species of Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae, Lucaninae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7CF193CC553F13BE98304B4967CAB66B">Wang, Chen-Bin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="728B9F219574B34F3CB6E69D1F8646C1">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA7FFBEFF7C81448397C772" bold="true" box="[227,705,821,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA7FFBEFF7C8144832FC772" ID-CoL="3WB6F" authority="Wang et Zhu" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[227,633,821,845]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA7FFBEFF7C8144808BC772" bold="true" box="[227,477,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lucanus zhanbishengi</emphasis>
Wang et Zhu
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA7FFBEFD1A81448397C772" box="[645,705,821,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 
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<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA7FFBEFF7C810882DEC7AE" blockId="2.[227,904,889,913]" box="[227,904,889,913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFF7C8108800FC7AE" box="[227,345,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFEFA810880F1C7AE" box="[357,423,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[277,1077,503,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, ventral view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi, sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFE2D810880BBC7AE" box="[434,493,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3A,B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFE678108836AC7AE" box="[504,572,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFDD8810883DCC7AE" box="[583,650,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFD0A81088399C7AE" box="[661,719,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6A–I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFD4681088242C7AE" box="[729,788,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[397,957,1038,1518]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8A,B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFCBF81088234C7AE" box="[800,866,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFCF2810882DEC7AE" box="[877,904,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[265,299,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[329,1025,472,992]" captionTargetId="figure-60@10.[329,1025,472,992]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Field observations (Hunan: Xuefengshan Nature Reserve) of the mating behavior of Lucanus zhanbishengi sp. n. (photo Bi-Sheng Zhan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA7FFBEFE9681D38231C788" blockId="2.[265,871,929,951]" box="[265,871,929,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1FD91186FFA7FFBEFE9681D38231C788" box="[265,871,929,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitation id="BE6810B9FFA7FFBEFE9681D38392C788" author="Wang, C. - B. &amp; Zhu, X." box="[265,708,929,951]" page="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2017">
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA7FFBEFE9681D38392C788" ID-CoL="3WB6F" authority="Wang &amp; Zhu, 2017: 55" authorityName="Wang &amp; Zhu" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="2017" box="[265,708,929,951]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA7FFBEFE9681D38089C789" box="[265,479,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lucanus zhanbishengi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B584B59FFA7FFBEFE7A81D38392C788" author="Wang, C. - B. &amp; Zhu, X." box="[485,708,929,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="54 - 69" refId="ref8282" refString="Wang, C. - B. &amp; Zhu, X. 2017. Lucanus zhanbishengi sp. n., a new species from Hunan, central China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, 3 (4), 54 - 69. DOI: 10.20431 / 2454 - 941 X. 0304008" type="journal article" year="2017">Wang &amp; Zhu, 2017: 55</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA7FFBEFD4D81D3820FC789" box="[722,857,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">nomen nudum</emphasis>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFA7FFBEFE9681AC80C8C06E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA7FFBEFE9681AC80C8C06E" blockId="2.[227,1127,988,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="8FA13CF5FFA7FFBEFE9681AC80CDC06E" collectingDate="2016-06-06" collectingDateMax="2017-07-03" collectingDateMin="2016-06-06" collectionCode="BITS, CBSZ" collectorName="Bi-Sheng Zhan &amp; Xiang Zhu" country="China" county="Hongjiang City" elevation="1900" location="Subaoding" municipality="Xuefengshan Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Hunan" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPE MATERIAL. 
<typeStatus id="E072880AFFA7FFBEFE7581AC8307C7CA" box="[490,593,989,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="29CFFD21FFA7FFBEFDC481AC8327C7CB" box="[603,625,989,1012]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA7FFBEFDE281AD8395C7CB" bold="true" box="[637,707,988,1012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<collectingCountry id="47DE7638FFA7FFBEFDE281AD8395C7CB" box="[637,707,988,1012]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="FD0DF84AFFA7FFBEFD4E81AC824AC7CB" box="[721,796,989,1012]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hunan</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="D6174E24FFA7FFBEFCB981AC8298C7CA" box="[806,974,989,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hongjiang City</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="DF12ACD2FFA7FFBEFC4581AC80DBC02C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Xuefengshan Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="3A166073FFA7FFBEFE06818A8358C02C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B76087BEFFA7FFB7FF7C81448019C16E:3A166073FFA7FFBEFE06818A8358C02C" box="[409,526,1019,1043]" country="China" county="Hongjiang City" municipality="Xuefengshan Nature Reserve" name="Subaoding" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Hunan">Subaoding</location>
, 
<quantity id="F8319B4DFFA7FFBEFD85818A8339C02C" box="[538,623,1019,1043]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="B4E4D19BFFA7FFBEFD85818A8339C02C" box="[538,623,1019,1043]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="4B771068FFA7FFBEFDE4818A83BAC02C" box="[635,748,1019,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2016-06-06">
<collectingDate id="5B33E980FFA7FFBEFDE4818A83BAC02C" box="[635,748,1019,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2016-06-06">6.VI 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="923C537EFFA7FFBEFD67818A82CAC02C" box="[760,924,1019,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bi-Sheng Zhan</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="59D8AE6DFFA7FFBEFC43818A854DC02C" box="[988,1051,1019,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">BITS</collectionCode>
). 
<typeStatus id="E072880AFFA7FFBEFBB1818D8049C00D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="29CFFD21FFA7FFBEFEB4866B8019C00D" box="[299,335,1050,1074]" count="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">9♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="29CFFD21FFA7FFBEFEC3866B8029C00D" box="[348,383,1050,1074]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype except 
<date id="4B771068FFA7FFBEFD4A866B8218C00D" box="[725,846,1050,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2017-07-03">
<collectingDate id="5B33E980FFA7FFBEFD4A866B8218C00D" box="[725,846,1050,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2017-07-03">3.VII 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="923C537EFFA7FFBEFCC4866B82ABC00D" box="[859,1021,1050,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bi-Sheng Zhan</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="923C537EFFA7FFBEFBBA866B8058C06E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Xiang Zhu</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="59D8AE6DFFA7FFBEFED5864880C4C06E" box="[330,402,1081,1105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">CBSZ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFA7FFBFFE9786268007C501" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA7FFBEFE978626826AC19D" blockId="2.[227,1127,988,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
DIAGNOSIS. Male. Labrum ligulate; head (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFC9E86268221C050" box="[769,887,1111,1135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
) with anterior ridge evenly elevated and lateral ridges distinctly protruded; major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth that not continued to mandibular base; protibia with 15–18 small teeth along outer margin; abdominal tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFEF286A380B1C0D5" box="[365,487,1234,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 4A, C</figureCitation>
) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFB9686A381A1C136" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 4B, D</figureCitation>
) with large membranous area in median; ventral plate of segment IX (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFC7786808509C136" box="[1000,1119,1264,1289]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 5A, C</figureCitation>
) with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion; aedeagus with ventral plate (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFD88875F83DAC179" box="[535,652,1326,1350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 6A, F</figureCitation>
) at apical end of basal piece long, paramere apex (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFEB9873C80F5C15A" box="[294,419,1356,1381]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 6C, H</figureCitation>
) weakly upcurved, penis (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFD59873C8269C15A" box="[710,831,1356,1381]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 6A, F</figureCitation>
) short but wide (about 3/5 length of parameres), flagellum (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFDC0871A8246C1BC" box="[607,784,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 6D, G, H</figureCitation>
) more than twice as long as parameres, flagellum apex (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFD9487FB8320C19D" box="[523,630,1418,1442]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 6E, I</figureCitation>
) weakly enlarged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA7FFBFFE9687D88007C501" blockId="2.[227,1127,988,1595]" lastBlockId="3.[227,1127,264,411]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Female. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFE4287D88366C1FE" box="[477,560,1449,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) widest behind middle; elytra (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFCE087D88282C1FE" box="[895,980,1449,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) clothed with fine pubescence; protibial apex (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFDD887B683CAC1E0" box="[583,668,1479,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) with basal branch much more expanded; abdominal tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFE7087978310C1C1" box="[495,582,1510,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[397,957,1038,1518]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) with poorly-defined lateral angles; hemisternite (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFF758474803CC222" box="[234,362,1541,1565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 9A, B</figureCitation>
) moderately wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long; spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA7FFBEFEE88452809FC204" box="[375,457,1571,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
) with proximal part slender and turned dorsally, spermathecal duct (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA6FFBFFEBF83798022C51F" box="[288,372,264,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca, spermathecal gland (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA6FFBFFB9383798536C51F" box="[1036,1120,264,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) cystiform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFA6FFB6FE9683348393C500" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA6FFBFFE968334821AC5A4" blockId="3.[227,1127,264,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
DESCRIPTION. Male (
<typeStatus id="E072880AFFA6FFBFFD968334833AC562" box="[521,620,325,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Large size, body 
<quantity id="F8319B4DFFA6FFBFFCA9833482C3C562" box="[822,917,325,349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="51.9">51.9 mm</quantity>
long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (6.9): mandible (21.1): pronotum (6.0): elytra (18.5); width (mm): head (13.5): pronotum (10.8): elytra (12.8).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BB66620FFA6FFBFFE9687658352C15E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" targetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA6FFBFFE9687658352C15E" blockId="3.[227,1127,1300,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Fig. 1.Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA6FFBFFE268764836BC115" box="[441,573,1301,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA6FFBFFE268764835CC115" box="[441,522,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, males, dorsal view. A–C – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA6FFBFFCC6876482A2C116" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[857,1012,1300,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA6FFBFFCC6876482A2C116" box="[857,1012,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA6FFBFFC6387648562C115" box="[1020,1076,1301,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA6FFBFFCE28741854FC179" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[893,1049,1328,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA6FFBFFCE287418283C17A" box="[893,981,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; E – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA6FFBFFE95873D80FEC15E" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[266,424,1355,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA6FFBFFE95873D8030C15F" box="[266,358,1355,1377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA6FFBFFE9687F78535C1C5" blockId="3.[227,1128,1414,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA6FFBFFE9687F78008C1A1" box="[265,350,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA6FFBFFEF287F78093C1A0" box="[365,453,1414,1439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA6FFBFFE4D87F680A3C1A0" box="[466,501,1415,1439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[277,1077,503,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, ventral view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi, sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2C</figureCitation>
). Color mainly blackish brown on both dorsal and ventral sides; elytra reddish brown; ventral sides of profemora, both dorsal and ventral sides of meso- and metafemora with transverse reddish stripes. Body clothed with fine, recumbent, yellowish pubescence, but markedly longer and denser on metasternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA6FFB8FE9784708375C5E7" blockId="3.[227,1128,1414,1623]" lastBlockId="4.[227,1127,264,472]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA6FFBFFE9784708016C226" box="[264,320,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA6FFBFFED1847080CBC226" box="[334,413,1537,1561]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Form transverse. Anterior ridge clearly defined and evenly elevated. Lateral ridges distinctly protruded, forming rounded lateral corners. Clypeolabrum fused with frons, not defined by transverse suture, about 1.4 times as long as wide; labrum ligulate, lacking dorsal branch, simply rounded at apex. Mandible about 3.0 times as long as head, markedly incurved at basal 1/3, then straight to apex; apical fork with upper branch markedly longer than lower branch; major inner tooth slender and longer than mandibular width, preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth that not continued to mandibular base. Antennal club with four antennomeres; antennomere 7 slender and sharply pointed apically; antennomeres 8–10 lamellate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BB66620FFA1FFB8FE96870B8352C1F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" targetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA1FFB8FE96870B8352C1F8" blockId="4.[227,1127,1402,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Fig. 2. Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA1FFB8FE23870A836BC1AF" box="[444,573,1403,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA1FFB8FE23870A835BC1AF" box="[444,525,1403,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, males, ventral view. A–C – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA1FFB8FCC5870A82A5C1B0" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[858,1011,1402,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA1FFB8FCC5870A82A5C1B0" box="[858,1011,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA1FFB8FB9F870A8561C1AF" box="[1024,1079,1403,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA1FFB8FCE087E6854DC193" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[895,1051,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA1FFB8FCE087E68281C194" box="[895,983,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; E – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA1FFB8FE9587C380FEC1F7" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[266,424,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA1FFB8FE9587C38030C1F8" box="[266,358,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA1FFB8FE96879C8033C25F" blockId="4.[227,1127,1517,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA1FFB8FE96879C806AC23B" box="[265,316,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA1FFB8FED2879C80F5C23A" box="[333,419,1517,1541]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Protibia continuously serrated along outer margin, with 15–18 small teeth of different sizes; apex bifurcate with branches somewhat sharp at tips. Except apical spurs and spines, mesotibia with 3 small lateral spines and metatibia with 2 ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA0FFB9FE96837982C4C60C" blockId="5.[227,1128,264,564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA0FFB9FE9683798303C51F" box="[265,597,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
. Abdominal tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FCE88379829AC51F" box="[887,972,264,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FD12835783BEC500" box="[653,744,294,319]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) with large membranous area in median. Ventral plate of segment IX (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FD1B8334838EC562" box="[644,728,325,349]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FCAF831582DEC543" box="[816,904,356,380]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
) about 2.4 times as long as wide in dorsal view. Basal piece oblong in dorsal view, nearly 1.7 times as long as parameres, with paired sclerotized dorsal plates; ventral plate (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FC6F83D08514C586" box="[1008,1090,417,441]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
) at apical end of basal piece long, well sclerotized, widely emarginate at apical margin. Paramere with wide basal process; apex (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FD0183AF83A5C5C9" box="[670,755,478,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
) weakly upcurved. Penis (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FB9083AF8508C5C9" box="[1039,1118,478,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
) short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres. Flagellum (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FCFC838C82B6C62A" box="[867,992,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 6G, H</figureCitation>
) long, more than twice as long as parameres, apex (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FD1B806D839AC60B" box="[644,716,540,564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
) weakly enlarged.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BB66620FFA0FFB9FE96870B8355C1F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" targetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA0FFB9FE96870B8355C1F8" blockId="5.[227,1127,1402,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Fig. 3. Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA0FFB9FE56870A8319C1AF" box="[457,591,1403,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA0FFB9FE56870A834CC1AF" box="[457,538,1403,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, females. A, B – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA0FFB9FC95870A82F1C1B0" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[778,935,1402,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA0FFB9FC95870A82F1C1B0" box="[778,935,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA0FFB9FC2E870A82B1C1AF" box="[945,999,1403,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype c, Hunan; C, D – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA0FFB9FEE487E7834AC193" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[379,540,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA0FFB9FEE487E78080C194" box="[379,470,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; E, F – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA0FFB9FD2787E7820FC193" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[696,857,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA0FFB9FD2787E78240C194" box="[696,790,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA0FFB9FE96879C82D3C23A" blockId="5.[227,1127,1516,1694]" box="[265,901,1516,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Male 
<typeStatus id="E072880AFFA0FFB9FED9879C80FAC23A" box="[326,428,1517,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FE24879C8365C23B" box="[443,563,1517,1541]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FDA1879C83D7C23A" box="[574,641,1517,1541]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[277,1077,503,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, ventral view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi, sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Body 
<quantity id="F8319B4DFFA0FFB9FD4A879D8211C23B" box="[725,839,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="49.0">49–57 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA0FFBAFE96847D80B2C5A5" blockId="5.[227,1127,1516,1694]" lastBlockId="6.[227,1127,264,410]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA0FFB9FE96847D8039C21C" box="[265,367,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Variation</emphasis>
. Color: Transverse reddish stripes on ventral sides of profemora, both dorsal and ventral sides of meso- and metafemora variable, absent (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FC60845B850CC27D" box="[1023,1114,1578,1602]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[277,1077,503,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, ventral view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi, sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), narrowed (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FEC6843880E4C25E" box="[345,434,1609,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[277,1077,503,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, ventral view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi, sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), or broadened (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA0FFB9FDF484388395C25E" box="[619,707,1609,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[283,1070,507,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[277,1077,503,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, ventral view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi, sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658977/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). In large-sized males, apical fork of mandible more opened, number of inner teeth more, clypeolabrum longer, anterior ridge of head well elevated, lateral ridges of head distinctly protruded; while in small-sized males, apical fork of mandible less opened, number of inner teeth fewer, clypeolabrum shorter, anterior ridge of head weakly elevated, lateral ridges of head weakly protruded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BB66620FFA3FFBAFE968637856CC0AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" targetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA3FFBAFE968637856CC0AD" blockId="6.[227,1127,1094,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA3FFBAFE5A8613830DC049" box="[453,603,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFE5A86138343C048" box="[453,533,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
, B – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA3FFBAFD1086138273C049" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[655,805,1121,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFD1086138273C049" box="[655,805,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA3FFBAFCB486138236C048" box="[811,864,1122,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA3FFBAFD97860F83F3C0AC" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[520,677,1149,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFD97860F8337C0AD" box="[520,609,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; G, H – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA3FFBAFCDF860F8288C0AC" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[832,990,1149,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFCDF860F82CDC0AD" box="[832,923,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA3FFBAFE9786C98358C132" blockId="6.[227,1128,1208,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Female 
<typeStatus id="E072880AFFA3FFBAFEC286C880ECC0EE" box="[349,442,1209,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Body 31.0 mm long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (3.3): mandible (3.0): pronotum (6.0): elytra (16.7); width (mm): head (7.9): pronotum (10.5): elytra (11.7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA3FFBAFE97876580B4C156" blockId="6.[227,1128,1208,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFE978765800DC113" box="[264,347,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA3FFBAFEF687658089C113" box="[361,479,1300,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Color almost entirely black on both dorsal and ventral sides. Body clothed with fine, recumbent, yellowish pubescence, but markedly longer and denser on metasternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA3FFBAFE96870182DDC21E" blockId="6.[227,1128,1208,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFE9687018015C1B7" box="[265,323,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA3FFBAFECD870180FEC1B7" box="[338,424,1392,1416]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Canthus with both anterior and posterior angles clearly defined; anterior angle inside of eye; lateral margin weakly concave. Anterior and lateral ridges absent. Clypeolabrum transverse, flat at apex, not protruding medially. Both mandibles with distinct dorsal teeth; inner tooth of right mandible with broad and flat inner ridge; left mandible with 2 widely-separated inner teeth and small gap behind apex, inner margin between teeth long, weakly concave.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA3FFBAFE9684588294C260" blockId="6.[227,1128,1208,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA3FFBAFE9684588022C27F" box="[265,372,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pronotum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFA3FFBAFE1A8459808FC27F" box="[389,473,1576,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) 1.7 times as wide as long, widest behind middle; anterior angle rounded; lateral angles weakly defined; posterior angle obtuse.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BB66620FFA2FFBBFE968175829AC76E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[265,296,772,794]" targetBox="[374,974,263,749]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA2FFBBFE968175829AC76E" blockId="7.[227,1127,772,849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA2FFBBFD3A81748212C726" box="[677,836,772,794]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA2FFBBFD3A817483A0C725" box="[677,758,773,794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
, B – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA2FFBBFC1C81748549C726" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[899,1055,772,794]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA2FFBBFC1C81748549C726" box="[899,1055,772,794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA2FFBBFBB681748534C725" box="[1065,1122,773,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA2FFBBFC8A815182E2C709" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[789,948,800,822]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA2FFBBFC8A81518239C70A" box="[789,879,800,821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; G, H – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA2FFBBFBCC8151803EC76E" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA2FFBBFBCC81518070C76F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BB66620FFA2FFBBFE96845883FDC2AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" targetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA2FFBBFE96845880FEC249" blockId="7.[227,1127,1577,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Fig. 6. Aedeagi of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFA2FFBBFE2184588300C201" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[446,598,1577,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFA2FFBBFE2184588300C201" box="[446,598,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFA2FFBBFDC3845883D9C201" box="[604,655,1577,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFA2FFBBFD01840D83FDC2AB" blockId="7.[227,1127,1577,1684]" box="[670,683,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<pageNumber id="0F623D7EFFA2FFBBFD01840D83FDC2AB" ambiguity="1" box="[670,683,1660,1684]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" score="119.0" value="8">
<pageTitle id="7F56EECFFFA2FFBBFD01840D83FDC2AB" box="[670,683,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8</pageTitle>
</pageNumber>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BB66620FFADFFB4FE9681D48023C7CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[265,300,933,955]" targetBox="[433,918,259,924]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFADFFB4FE9681D48023C7CD" blockId="8.[227,1127,933,1010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Fig. 7. Aedeagi of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FE5A81D48313C785" box="[453,581,933,954]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FE5A81D48340C785" box="[453,534,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FC5E81D48534C784" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[961,1122,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FC5E81D4854AC785" box="[961,1052,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; E–H – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FEEE81B08359C7E9" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[369,527,960,982]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FEEE81B08098C7EA" box="[369,462,960,982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BB66620FFADFFB4FE96847F83A3C264" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" targetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFADFFB4FE96847F83A3C264" blockId="8.[227,1127,1550,1627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FE06845A8365C200" box="[409,563,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FE06845A80BCC27F" box="[409,490,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
, B – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FDF6845A8254C200" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[617,770,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FDF6845A8254C200" box="[617,770,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFADFFB4FC96845B8269C200" box="[777,831,1578,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype c, Hunan; C, D – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FBCC845A8031C264" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FBCC845A8075C265" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; E, F – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFADFFB4FE64843783CFC264" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[507,665,1605,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFADFFB4FE6484378300C265" box="[507,598,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFACFFB5FE9783798500C51F" blockId="9.[227,1128,264,533]" box="[264,1110,264,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FED6837980C8C51F" box="[329,414,264,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Protibial apex bifurcate, with basal branch much more expanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFACFFB5FE96835782B9C62A" blockId="9.[227,1128,264,533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFACFFB5FE9683578330C501" box="[265,614,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
. Abdominal tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FCE283578287C500" box="[893,977,294,319]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[397,957,1038,1518]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FDFC833483E2C562" box="[611,692,325,349]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[397,957,1038,1518]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
) with large membranous area in median. Hemisternite (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FEE1831580A0C543" box="[382,502,356,380]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 9A–B</figureCitation>
) moderately wide, broadly rounded apically, with outer apex not produced beyond inner apex; inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FE1D83D0808BC586" box="[386,477,417,441]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) sclerotized, J-shaped; proximal part slender and turned dorsally (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FED483B180F5C5E7" box="[331,419,448,472]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Spermathecal duct (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FD0983B183BBC5E7" box="[662,749,448,472]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) long, about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca. Spermathecal gland (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFACFFB5FDF883AF83E9C5C8" box="[615,703,478,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) cystiform, shorter than spermatheca. Central conjunction of tergite IX protruded medially and narrowed at tip.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BB66620FFACFFB5FE96878A82B8C277" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" targetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFACFFB5FE96878A82B8C277" blockId="9.[227,1118,1531,1608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Fig. 9. Female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFACFFB5FD93878A83F4C22F" box="[524,674,1531,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFACFFB5FD93878A830BC22F" box="[524,605,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lucanus</emphasis>
spp. A
</taxonomicName>
–C 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFACFFB5FD55878A8234C22F" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[714,866,1531,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFACFFB5FD55878A8234C22F" box="[714,866,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFACFFB5FCF7878A82CBC22F" box="[872,925,1531,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype c, Hunan; D–F – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFACFFB5FEB984668095C213" authority="Zilioli" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[294,451,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFACFFB5FEB984668029C214" box="[294,383,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian; G–I – 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFACFFB5FDCB846683A5C213" authority="Nagel" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[596,755,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFACFFB5FDCB846683E7C214" box="[596,689,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAFFFB6FE9683798393C500" blockId="10.[227,1127,264,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
FIELD OBSERVATIONS. Mating of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAFFFB6FD2983788235C51F" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[694,867,264,288]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FD2983788235C51F" box="[694,867,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FCF1837982F9C51F" bold="true" box="[878,943,264,288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFAFFFB6FCF1837982F9C51F" box="[878,943,264,288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in Xuefengshan Nature Reserve (
<collectingRegion id="FD0DF84AFFAFFFB6FE09835680B6C500" box="[406,480,295,319]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hunan</collectingRegion>
) as shown in 
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FDEC83578394C500" box="[627,706,294,319]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[265,299,1025,1047]" captionTargetBox="[329,1025,472,992]" captionTargetId="figure-60@10.[329,1025,472,992]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 10. Field observations (Hunan: Xuefengshan Nature Reserve) of the mating behavior of Lucanus zhanbishengi sp. n. (photo Bi-Sheng Zhan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658995/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFAFFFB6FE968334855EC5A5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAFFFB6FE968334855EC5A5" blockId="10.[227,1127,264,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is dedicated to Mr. Bi-Sheng Zhan (
<collectingRegion id="FD0DF84AFFAFFFB6FB8883348531C562" box="[1047,1127,325,349]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
University, Zhenjiang, 
<collectingCountry id="47DE7638FFAFFFB6FE778315837BC543" box="[488,557,356,380]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
), one of the collectors of this new species and an enthusiastic amateur entomologist. The name is a noun in the genitive case.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFAFFFB6FE9683D083D3C586" box="[265,645,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAFFFB6FE9683D083D3C586" blockId="10.[227,1127,264,441]" box="[265,645,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
DISTRIBUTION. 
<collectingCountry id="47DE7638FFAFFFB6FE4E83D08347C586" box="[465,529,417,441]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
(Hunnan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6BB66620FFAFFFB6FE96867083AEC00D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14658995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658995/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[265,299,1025,1047]" targetBox="[329,1025,472,992]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAFFFB6FE96867083AEC00D" blockId="10.[227,1127,1025,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Fig. 10. Field observations (Hunan: Xuefengshan Nature Reserve) of the mating behavior of 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAFFFB6FF62866C8085C00E" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[253,467,1052,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FF62866C8085C00E" box="[253,467,1052,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lucanus zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFAFFFB6FE46866C835BC00D" box="[473,525,1053,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(photo Bi-Sheng Zhan).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFAFFFB7FE9686298263C0EC" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAFFFB7FE96862982ABC581" blockId="10.[227,1127,1111,1595]" lastBlockId="11.[227,1127,264,1361]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
REMARKS. This new species was assigned to the 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAFFFB6FCC886298297C050" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[855,961,1111,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FCC886298297C050" box="[855,961,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. brivioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FF7386068071C0B1" box="[236,295,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B584B59FFAFFFB6FEAF86078377C0B1" author="Zhan, Z. - H. &amp; Young, D. K." box="[304,545,1142,1166]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="279 - 360" refId="ref8527" refString="Zhan, Z. - H. &amp; Young, D. K. 2023. A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Zoological Systematics, 48 (4): 279 - 360." type="journal article" year="2023">Zhan &amp; Young, 2023</bibRefCitation>
). It well resembles 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAFFFB6FD65860682A7C0B1" authority="Zilioli, 2003" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[762,1009,1142,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FD6586068209C0B1" box="[762,863,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. brivioi</emphasis>
Zilioli, 
<quantity id="F8319B4DFFAFFFB6FC24860782A7C0B1" box="[955,1009,1142,1166]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.087619999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="2003.0">2003</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in general appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters (
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAFFFB6FE0386C580A9C0F4" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[412,511,1203,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAFFFB6FE0386C580A9C0F4" box="[412,511,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. brivioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in round brackets). Male: labrum ligulate (subtriangular), head with lateral ridges distinctly protruded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FD7D86A38208C0D5" box="[738,862,1234,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
) (moderately protruded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FF7486808069C136" box="[235,319,1265,1289]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
)), major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 (preceded by about 4–5 smaller teeth and followed by about 6–8), protibia with 15– 18 small teeth along outer margin (9–11 small teeth along outer margin), abdominal sternite VIII with large membranous area in median (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FC81873C82C0C15A" box="[798,918,1357,1381]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4B, D</figureCitation>
) (without membranous area (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FEC8871A80F1C1BC" box="[343,423,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
)), ventral plate of segment IX with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FD0087FB8241C19D" box="[671,791,1418,1442]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 5A, C</figureCitation>
) (only with small membranous area in median of apical part (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FDAD87D883D3C1FE" box="[562,645,1449,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
)), penis short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FEFE87B6808CC1E0" box="[353,474,1479,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 6A, F</figureCitation>
) (long and slender, nearly as long as parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FC6687B68506C1E0" box="[1017,1104,1479,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
)), flagellum more than twice as long as parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FD6D879782DBC1C1" box="[754,909,1510,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 6D, G, H</figureCitation>
) (about 1.4 times as long as parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FE2984748366C222" box="[438,560,1541,1565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 7A–C</figureCitation>
)). Female: elytra clothed with fine pubescence (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FBA484748052C204" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) (glabrous (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB6FE1C84528084C204" box="[387,466,1571,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
)), protibial apex with basal branch much more expanded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAFFFB7FBA984528052C51F" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) (weakly expanded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FE7083798312C51F" box="[495,580,264,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
)), hemisternite moderately wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FDCF8356839AC500" box="[592,716,295,319]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 9A–B</figureCitation>
) (hemisternite rather wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part short (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD3E8336824AC560" box="[673,796,327,351]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 9D–E</figureCitation>
)), spermatheca with proximal part slender and turned dorsally (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FDD3831783F6C540" box="[588,672,358,383]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
) (almost straight (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FCF6831782EDC540" box="[873,955,358,383]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
)), spermathecal duct about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD2083F78244C5A1" box="[703,786,390,414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) (almost as long as spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FF7483D48069C581" box="[235,319,421,446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
)), spermathecal gland cystiform (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD3883D483ACC581" box="[679,762,421,446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) (vermiform (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC0C83D482B0C581" box="[915,998,421,446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAEFFB7FE9783B48263C0EC" blockId="11.[227,1127,264,1361]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
This new species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAEFFB7FDD983B78262C5E2" authority="Nagel, 1926" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[582,820,453,477]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAEFFB7FDD983B783FCC5E2" box="[582,682,453,477]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
Nagel, 1926
</taxonomicName>
, but it is easily to distinguish them by the combination of the following characteristics (
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAEFFB7FC15839482AFC5C2" authorityName="Nagel" authorityYear="1926" box="[906,1017,485,509]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAEFFB7FC15839482AFC5C2" box="[906,1017,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. kraatzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in round brackets). Male: labrum ligulate (subtriangular), head with anterior ridge evenly elevated and lateral ridges distinctly protruded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD6880558224C603" box="[759,882,548,572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
) (anterior ridge much more elevated in median and lateral ridges strongly protruded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC2E80328552C663" box="[945,1028,579,604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[265,300,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[296,1055,447,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[291,1062,441,1267]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.Habitus of Lucanus spp., males, dorsal view. A–C – L. zhanbishengi sp. n.: A – paratype a, Hunan; B – paratype b, Hunan; C – holotype, Hunan; D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658975/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
)), major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth (preceded by about 4 smaller teeth and followed by about 8 smaller teeth), protibia with 15–18 small teeth along outer margin (2–4 small teeth along outer margin), abdominal tergite VIII with poorly-defined lateral angles (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD4A80B3821AC6E5" box="[725,844,706,730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4A, C</figureCitation>
) (with well-defined lateral angles (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FEA9809080DDC6C6" box="[310,395,737,761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
)), sternite VIII with large membranous area in median (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC7780908509C6C6" box="[1000,1119,737,761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4B, D</figureCitation>
) (without membranous area (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD8A8170833DC726" box="[533,619,769,793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[265,300,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[427,922,429,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[425,928,427,1072]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Male abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E, G – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F, H – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658983/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
)), ventral plate of segment IX with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC1B815182ABC707" box="[900,1021,800,824]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 5A, C</figureCitation>
) (without membranous area (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FE3281318356C767" box="[429,512,832,856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,296,772,794]" captionTargetBox="[374,974,263,749]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[371,982,257,756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Male abdominal segments IX of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype b, Hunan; C, D – ditto, holotype, Hunan; E, F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G, H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E, G – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658985/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
)), aedeagus with ventral plate at apical end of basal piece long (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FEBC812E80CAC747" box="[291,412,863,888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6A, F</figureCitation>
) (short (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FE62812E8307C747" box="[509,593,863,888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
)), paramere apex weakly upcurved (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC7C812E8509C747" box="[995,1119,863,888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6C, H</figureCitation>
) (strongly upcurved (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FE20810E8343C7A8" box="[447,533,895,919]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
)), penis short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FF7581EF8033C788" box="[234,357,926,951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6A, F</figureCitation>
) (long and slender, nearly as long as parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC1481EF82B6C788" box="[907,992,926,951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
)), flagellum more than twice as long as parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD0C81CF8265C7E9" box="[659,819,958,982]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6D, G, H</figureCitation>
) (less than twice as long as parameres (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FEFB81AF80B6C7C9" box="[356,480,990,1014]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 7E–G</figureCitation>
)), flagellum apex weakly enlarged (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FCE381AF82A4C7C9" box="[892,1010,990,1014]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[265,300,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[404,947,882,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-55@7.[400,953,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Aedeagi of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. (D – flagellum; E, I – apices of flagellum). A–E – paratype b, Hunan; F–I – holotype, Hunan. (A, F – ventral view; B, D, E, G, I – dorsal view; C, H – lateral view). 8" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6E, I</figureCitation>
) (strongly enlarged (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FED1818C80F2C02A" box="[334,420,1021,1045]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[433,918,259,924]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[431,923,257,927]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Aedeagi of Lucanus spp. (D, H – apices of flagellum). A–D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E–H – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, E – ventral view; B, D, F, H – dorsal view; C, G – lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
)). Female: elytra clothed with fine pubescence (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC34818C82A9C02A" box="[939,1023,1021,1045]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) (clothed with strong pubescence (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FE64866C8307C00A" box="[507,593,1053,1077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
)), protibial apex with basal branch much more expanded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FEC5864D80E7C06B" box="[346,433,1084,1108]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) (moderately expanded (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD5C864D824EC06B" box="[707,792,1084,1108]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[265,300,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[356,1000,602,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-138@5.[347,1007,595,1369]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of Lucanus spp., females. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, C, E – dorsal view; B, D, F – ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658979/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
)), abdominal tergite VIII with poorly-defined lateral angles (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FDB6862D832BC04B" box="[553,637,1116,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[397,957,1038,1518]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) (with well-defined lateral angles (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FC62862D8506C04B" box="[1021,1104,1116,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[265,300,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[405,947,1041,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[397,957,1038,1518]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Female abdominal tergites VIII (A, C, E – dorsal view) and sternites VIII (B, D, F – ventral view) of Lucanus spp. A, B – L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; C, D – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; E, F – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658991/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
)), spermatheca with proximal part slender and turned dorsally (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FCE6860A829BC0AB" box="[889,973,1147,1172]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
) (inflated and straight (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FEDB86EA80C6C08C" box="[324,400,1179,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
)), spermathecal duct about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FBA486EA8053C0EC" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) (about 0.7 times as long as spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="A7F22A2DFFAEFFB7FD5586CB8248C0EC" box="[714,798,1210,1235]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[265,300,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[303,1050,564,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-115@9.[299,1055,564,1497]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Female genitalia of Lucanus spp. A–C L. zhanbishengi sp. n., paratype c, Hunan; D–F – L. brivioi Zilioli, Fujian; G–I – L. kraatzi Nagel, Yunnan. (A, D, G – ventral view; B, E, H – dorsal view of hemisternites; C, F, I – right lateral view of spermathecae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14658993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14658993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77D36523FFAEFFB7FE9686AA8019C16E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3F7636A8FFAEFFB7FE9686AA8019C16E" blockId="11.[227,1127,264,1361]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAEFFB7FE9686AA80E5C0CD" ID-CoL="3WB6F" authorityName="Wang et Zhu" authorityYear="2024" box="[265,435,1242,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhanbishengi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAEFFB7FE9686AA80E5C0CD" box="[265,435,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. zhanbishengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="168E57C1FFAEFFB7FE2486AA80A2C0CD" box="[443,500,1243,1266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also somewhat similar to 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAEFFB7FCB386AA8530C0CD" ID-CoL="6QP4P" authority="Boucher, 1998" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1998" box="[812,1126,1242,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deuveianus">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAEFFB7FCB386AA8297C0CD" box="[812,961,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. deuveianus</emphasis>
Boucher, 1998
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F8C94D2BFFAEFFB7FE8F868B83D5C12D" ID-CoL="72P5Q" authority="Huang &amp; Chen, 2013" authorityName="Huang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2013" box="[272,643,1274,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewenjiae">
<emphasis id="0DBDEABAFFAEFFB7FE8F868B80C1C12D" box="[272,407,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. hewenjiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B584B59FFAEFFB7FE00868B83D5C12D" author="Huang, H. &amp; Chen, C. - C." box="[415,643,1274,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref7758" refString="Huang, H. &amp; Chen, C. - C. 2013. Stag beetles of China II. Formosa Ecological Company, Taipei, xviii + 716 pp." type="book" year="2013">Huang &amp; Chen, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="FD0DF84AFFAEFFB7FD5A868B82D0C12D" box="[709,902,1274,1298]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guangxi Province</collectingRegion>
, but it is not difficult to distinguish it from them by the combination of characters in the above section of diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>