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<mods:title id="70AFB38CA010BD385C5BEF1E72390C66">Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF8DFFB1BC22F969FA99F92F" ID-CoL="5DBLG" authority="HIROHITO, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[866,1403,1721,1746]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8DFFB1BC22F969FC17F92C" box="[866,1013,1725,1745]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="76">ZYGOPHYLAX</emphasis>
CF.
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8DFFB1BB65F969FB5EF92C" box="[1061,1212,1725,1745]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="76">SAGAMIENSIS</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF8DFFB1BB06F934FB7AF904" box="[1094,1176,1760,1785]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="25.[147,228,790,812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,195,750]" captionTargetId="figure-463@25.[225,1345,195,750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 18. Zygophylax cf. sagamiensis Hirohito, 1983. A, a colony; B, F, G, images of the same coppinia; C, alternate hydrothecae with one nematotheca (arrow); D, hydrothecae and nematothecae (arrows); E, magnification of a nematotheca; H, two (fused) gonothecae. From samples: AH: XMUB8109, South China Sea. AC, light microscope images; DH, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 500 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; E = 20 µm; G, H = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035374/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="76">FIG. 18</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF8DFFB1BC7BF8DFFB15F8E2" ID-CoL="5DBLG" authority="Hirohito, 1983: 6" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1983" box="[827,1271,1801,1823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8DFFB1BC7BF8DFFBCCF8E0" box="[827,1070,1803,1822]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="76">Zygophylax sagamiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF8DFFB1BB74F8DDFB15F8E2" author="Hirohito" box="[1076,1271,1801,1823]" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref21026" refString="Hirohito. 1983. Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo 6: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983: 6</bibRefCitation>
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, 3031, fig. 11;
<treatmentCitation id="BD1A1D35FF8DFFB1BC14F8FCFB4DF8C0" author="Rees WJ &amp; Vervoort W" box="[852,1199,1831,1853]" page="85" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF8DFFB1BC14F8FCFB4DF8C0" author="Rees WJ &amp; Vervoort W" box="[852,1199,1831,1853]" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref22051" refString="Rees WJ, Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 8586</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="BD1A1D35FF8DFFB1BBFBF8F3FA7CF8C0" author="Hirohito" box="[1211,1438,1831,1853]" page="144" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF8DFFB1BBFBF8F3FA7CF8C0" author="Hirohito" box="[1211,1438,1831,1853]" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref21053" refString="Hirohito. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo 1 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1995">Hirohito, 1995: 144</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 44ae, pl. 9, fig. C;
<treatmentCitation id="BD1A1D35FF8DFFB1BB16F893FA7CF8A1" author="Vervoort W &amp; Watson JE" box="[1110,1438,1862,1884]" page="69" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF8DFFB1BB16F893FA7CF8A1" author="Vervoort W &amp; Watson JE" box="[1110,1438,1862,1884]" pageId="24" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref23105" refString="Vervoort W, Watson JE. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 69</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
<caption id="68C46BACFF8CFFB0BFD3FCC2FBFCFC79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7035374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" startId="25.[147,228,790,812]" targetBox="[225,1345,195,750]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF8CFFB0BFD3FCC2FBFCFC79" blockId="25.[144,1425,790,900]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BFD3FCC2FEECFCD6" bold="true" box="[147,270,790,812]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF8CFFB0BE5AFCCCFD38FCD1" ID-CoL="5DBLG" authority="Hirohito, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[282,730,790,812]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BE5AFCCCFE72FCD6" box="[282,400,792,811]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Zygophylax</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BEF7FCCDFDD6FCD6" box="[439,564,793,811]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">sagamiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF8CFFB0BD7CFCC2FD38FCD1" author="Hirohito" box="[572,730,790,812]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref21026" refString="Hirohito. 1983. Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo 6: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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. A, a colony; B, F, G, images of the same coppinia; C, alternate hydrothecae with one nematotheca (arrow); D, hydrothecae and nematothecae (arrows); E, magnification of a nematotheca; H, two (fused) gonothecae. From samples: AH: XMUB8109, South China Sea. AC, light microscope images; DH, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 500 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; E = 20 µm; G, H = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF8CFFB0BFE9FC6CFE5AFC33" author="Watson JE" box="[169,440,952,974]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 180" refId="ref23140" refString="Watson JE. 2003. Deep-water hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Macquarie Island. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60: 151 - 180." type="journal article" year="2003">Watson, 2003: 160161</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 10AF; 2006: 245247,
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF8CFFB0BFEAFC02FF14FC11" blockId="25.[169,760,953,1004]" box="[170,246,982,1004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">fig. 20.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF8CFFB0BFD1FBDEFD6AFBE0" blockId="25.[145,648,1032,1054]" box="[145,648,1032,1054]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">
<materialsCitation id="8CD33179FF8CFFB0BFD1FBDEFE1BFBE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897139305" box="[145,505,1032,1054]" country="Japan" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BFD1FBDEFEF0FBE1" box="[145,274,1033,1052]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">
<typeStatus id="E3008586FF8CFFB0BFD1FBDEFF5DFBE1" box="[145,191,1034,1052]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="39646DFFFF8CFFB0BE5FFBDCFE45FBE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4128A32FF8DFFB0BC22F969FE6DFADF:39646DFFFF8CFFB0BE5FFBDCFE45FBE0" box="[287,423,1032,1054]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Sagami Bay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF8CFFB0BEF2FBDCFE1BFBE0" box="[434,505,1032,1053]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Japan</collectingCountry>
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;
<quantity id="FB4396C1FF8CFFB0BD44FBDCFD66FBE0" box="[516,644,1032,1054]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="250.0">250300 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF8CFFB0BFD1FB93FDF4FB64" blockId="25.[145,761,1094,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BFD1FB93FE74FBA6" box="[145,406,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
Two fertile and 10 infertile colonies from South
<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF8CFFB0BEE7FBB1FE16FB86" box="[423,500,1125,1147]" name="China" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">China</collectingCountry>
Sea; see details in Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF8CFFB0BEECFB50FDEDFB64" box="[428,527,1156,1178]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[142,202,419,440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of selected Zygophylax species based on light microscopy data (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45">Table S1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF8CFFB0BFD1FB04FE6DFADF" blockId="25.[145,761,1232,1315]" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BFD1FB04FE65FB18" box="[145,391,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">Molecular sequences:</emphasis>
16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF8CFFB0BD90FB06FD1BFB18" box="[720,761,1234,1253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="77">COI</emphasis>
genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF8CFFB0BE66FAD9FE6BFADF" box="[294,393,1293,1315]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[146,206,200,219]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Interspecific K2P genetic distances for zygophylacids with available 16S rRNA data" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF9CFFA0BFD2FF1CFBCAFF26" pageId="25" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="68C46BACFF9CFFA0BFD2FF1CFBCAFF26">Table S3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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