235 lines
37 KiB
XML
235 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E01FC5494454D37A707746B0BA276810">Systematic affinities of Zygophylacidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Macrocolonia) with descriptions of 15 deep-sea species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="395F15946F2C3D6CAB35E47FFB38AB01">Gu, Zhangjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F3CB08D6D4B3BA271A1668C8D840B70">Ruthensteiner, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D58C66EA6ED9D76706F8105627F913C">Moura, Carlos J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75F279ED60641F28DB7F9AF6F6E9BBEB">Liu, Lihua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F2D915B7E2411888D3B370205F9BAF4">Zhang, Rui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="094DBCBBB9DC1EA47EF94119BD919307">Song, Xikun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0036C2018F7F3D1DE17781CCDD96C8C0">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B4128A32FF85FFB9BF8AF993FBDBFA59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7043605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199898715" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7043605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4128A32FF85FFB9BF8AF993FBDBFA59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4128A32FF85FFB9BF8AF993FBDBFA59" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="674C8C48FF85FFB9BF8AF993FD01F9A1" box="[202,739,1603,1628]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF85FFB9BF8AF993FD01F9A1" ID-CoL="5DBL3" authority="(SAEMUNDSSON, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Saemundsson" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[202,739,1603,1628]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BF8AF993FE39F9A6" box="[202,475,1607,1627]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">ZYGOPHYLAX LEVINSENI</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BEABF997FD39F9A1" author="Saemundsson B" box="[491,731,1603,1628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="67 - 107" refId="ref22158" refString="Saemundsson B. 1911. Bidrag til kundskaben om de islandske hydroider. II. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn 63: 67 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">SAEMUNDSSON, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74A168AFFF85FFB9BEE5F9BEFDEAF97E" box="[421,520,1642,1667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BEE5F9BEFDEAF97E" blockId="16.[421,520,1642,1667]" box="[421,520,1642,1667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BEEEF9BEFDE2F97E" box="[430,512,1642,1667]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">FIG. 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74A168AFFF85FFB9BFE3F940FEABF93B" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BFE3F940FEABF93B" blockId="16.[163,780,1682,1734]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitation id="BD1A1D35FF85FFB9BFE3F940FD51F955" author="Vervoort W" box="[163,691,1682,1704]" page="242" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF85FFB9BFE3F940FD51F955" ID-CoL="5DBL3" authority=": Vervoort, 2006: 240 - 242" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityPageNumber="240 - 242" authorityYear="2006" box="[163,691,1682,1704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BFE3F940FE9FF95A" box="[163,381,1684,1703]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Zygophylax levinseni</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BECCF947FD51F955" author="Vervoort W" box="[396,691,1682,1704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="181 - 318" refId="ref23054" refString="Vervoort W. 2006. Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands [Anthoathecata, various families of Leptothecata and addenda]. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 80: 181 - 318." type="journal article" year="2006">Vervoort, 2006: 240–242</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 16 (synonymy).
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<subSubSection id="74A168AFFF85FFB9BFE3F939FBDBFA59" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BFE3F939FEB3F8E2" blockId="16.[163,779,1770,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<materialsCitation id="8CD33179FF85FFB9BFE3F939FF1BF8E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897139303" country="Iceland" location="Near" municipality="Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BFE3F939FECFF902" box="[163,301,1772,1791]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<typeStatus id="E3008586FF85FFB9BFE3F939FF31F902" box="[163,211,1773,1791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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<location id="39646DFFFF85FFB9BE7AF93FFE97F8FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4128A32FF85FFB9BF8AF993FBDBFA59:39646DFFFF85FFB9BE7AF93FFE97F8FD" box="[314,373,1771,1792]" country="Iceland" municipality="Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago" name="Near" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Near</location>
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the
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<collectingMunicipality id="DC60A15EFF85FFB9BEEDF93EFCE4F8FD" box="[429,774,1770,1792]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF85FFB9BFE3F8DDFF1BF8E2" box="[163,249,1801,1823]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Iceland</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<specimenCount id="2ABDF0ADFF85FFB9BE44F8DDFEB3F8E2" box="[260,337,1801,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" type="generic">
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<quantity id="FB4396C1FF85FFB9BE44F8DDFEAFF8E2" box="[260,333,1801,1823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BFE3F897FCEEF88A" blockId="16.[161,780,1858,1911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BFE3F897FE67F8AA" box="[163,389,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
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Five colonies from the Gulf of Cadiz, two fertile; see details in Supporting Information,
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<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF85FFB9BDEAF8B5FCE7F88B" box="[682,773,1889,1911]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[142,202,419,440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of selected Zygophylax species based on light microscopy data (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="68C46BACFF96FFAABFCEFE77FBDCFE45">Table S1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BC7BFF11FA7DFEE5" blockId="16.[827,1444,197,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BFF11FBD1FF26" box="[827,1075,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Molecular sequences:</emphasis>
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16S rRNA (
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<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BB8BFF12FA7EFF27" author="Moura CJ & Harris DJ & Cunha MR & Rogers AD" box="[1227,1436,197,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref21639" refString="Moura CJ, Harris DJ, Cunha MR, Rogers AD. 2008. DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal and deep-sea environments. Zoologica Scripta 37: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Moura
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||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BA61FF1CFAB4FF27" box="[1313,1366,199,218]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BC7BFF30FC90FF04" author="Moura CJ & Cunha MR & Porteiro FM & Rogers AD" box="[827,882,228,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="454 - 470" refId="ref21680" refString="Moura CJ, Cunha MR, Porteiro FM, Rogers AD. 2012. Polyphyly and cryptic diversity in the hydrozoan families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Invertebrate Systematics 25: 454 - 470." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
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); 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes (this study); see sequence details in Supporting Information,
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<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF85FFB9BA76FED6FA7BFEE5" box="[1334,1433,258,280]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[146,206,200,219]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Interspecific K2P genetic distances for zygophylacids with available 16S rRNA data" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF9CFFA0BFD2FF1CFBCAFF26" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="68C46BACFF9CFFA0BFD2FF1CFBCAFF26">Table S3</tableCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BC7BFE93FC46FE86" blockId="16.[827,1441,326,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BFE93FC07FEA1" box="[827,997,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Measurements:</emphasis>
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See details in Supporting Information,
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<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF85FFB9BC7BFEB1FC7CFE87" box="[827,926,357,379]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[142,202,603,624]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Comparative characters of Zygophylax abyssicola, Z. lighti, Z. pseudosibogae, Z. tankahkeei and species with close morphological similarities" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF90FFACBFCEFD8FF9B1FD8D" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="68C46BACFF90FFACBFCEFD8FF9B1FD8D">Table S2</tableCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BC7BFE73FA90FCB7" blockId="16.[826,1444,422,843]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BFE73FC21FE41" box="[827,963,423,444]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Description:</emphasis>
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Trophosome. Colonies erect, up to 4.5 cm in height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BCE9FE11FBE6FE27" box="[937,1028,453,475]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrocaulus straight, polysiphonic, unsegmented, branching. Hydrocladia coplanar, dichotomously branched, straight, monosiphonic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BC03FDF5FC25FDCA" box="[835,967,545,567]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Figs 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with irregular nodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BB95FDF5FAD6FDCB" box="[1237,1332,545,567]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
), forming angles of 30°–60° with the hydrocaulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BA6EFD94FA71FDA8" box="[1326,1427,576,598]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
), axillary hydrothecae present at branching points (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BC03FDA9FC44FD6F" box="[835,934,637,659]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecae arranged alternately in two planes forming angles of 30°–60° (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BB88FD48FACAFD4C" box="[1224,1320,668,690]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
); borne on moderately long pedicels, tubular, distal part straight or slightly curved, one or two oblique diaphragms basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BCDFFD2CFBE1FCF0" box="[927,1027,760,782]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
), margin slightly everted, with one to three renovations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BB7AFCC2FB5FFCD1" box="[1082,1213,790,812]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). One nematotheca present on apophyses of hydrocladia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BBA6FCE1FA80FCB6" box="[1254,1378,821,843]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BC7BFCBBFA9BFBE0" blockId="16.[827,1443,878,1054]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BFCBBFC5CFC79" box="[827,958,879,900]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Gonosome:</emphasis>
|
||
Gonothecae clustering into coppiniae encircling the hydrocaulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BBC0FC59FB03FC5F" box="[1152,1249,909,931]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with abundant protective tubes, one nematotheca observed on the base of one protective tube (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BBC8FC1EFAE1FC1D" box="[1160,1283,970,992]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonothecae free from one another, elliptical, tapering basally, apices with two lateral, curved tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A48027A1FF85FFB9BBACFBDCFA8BFBE0" box="[1260,1385,1032,1054]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,223,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-26@17.[225,1345,870,1681]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911). A, three colonies; B, hydrothecal arrangement along a hydrocladium; C, a coppinia; D, two hydrothecal diaphragms (arrows); E, axillary hydrotheca and a node (arrow); F, two hydrothecae and two clearly identifiable nematothecae (arrows); G, a gonotheca and one nematotheca on an accessory tube (arrow); H, magnification of nematothecae on apophysis of hydrocladia (in F, lower arrow); I, magnification of nematothecae on the accessory tubes (in G). From samples: A–I: ZSM 20220297, Gulf of Cadiz. A–D, light microscope images; E–I, SEM images. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, C = 1 mm; D–G = 200 µm; H, I = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7035352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7035352/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Fig. 11C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BC7BFB95FB9DFB0D" blockId="16.[827,1443,1089,1264]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BFB95FC36FBAB" box="[827,980,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Gulf of Cadiz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BBD3FB96FA84FBAB" author="Moura CJ & Harris DJ & Cunha MR & Rogers AD" box="[1171,1382,1089,1111]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref21639" refString="Moura CJ, Harris DJ, Cunha MR, Rogers AD. 2008. DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal and deep-sea environments. Zoologica Scripta 37: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BBA9FB90FAFCFBAB" box="[1257,1310,1091,1110]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study); south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF85FFB9BB44FBB4FBBFFB8B" box="[1028,1117,1120,1142]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BB31FBB4FA81FB88" author="Saemundsson B" box="[1137,1379,1120,1142]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="67 - 107" refId="ref22158" refString="Saemundsson B. 1911. Bidrag til kundskaben om de islandske hydroider. II. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn 63: 67 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">Saemundsson, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the Azores region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BCA8FBAAFB99FB69" author="Leloup E" box="[1000,1147,1150,1172]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref21289" refString="Leloup E. 1940. Hydropolypes provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies par le Prince Albert I. de Monaco 104: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1940">Leloup, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); near the coast of Rabat,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF85FFB9BC7BFB4AFC7AFB4E" box="[827,920,1182,1203]" name="Morocco" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BCE5FB49FB49FB4F" author="Ramil F & Vervoort W" box="[933,1195,1181,1203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="3 - 262" refId="ref21982" refString="Ramil F, Vervoort W. 1992. Report on the Hydroida collected by the ' BALGIM' expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 277: 3 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil & Vervoort, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); one tropical Atlantic locality, south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AC7BB4FF85FFB9BCBDFB68FB62FB2F" box="[1021,1152,1212,1234]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BBADFB68FA76FB2F" author="Vervoort W" box="[1261,1428,1212,1234]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="181 - 318" refId="ref23054" refString="Vervoort W. 2006. Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands [Anthoathecata, various families of Leptothecata and addenda]. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 80: 181 - 318." type="journal article" year="2006">Vervoort, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Madeira (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BCEAFB0FFB92FB0D" author="Moura CJ & Cunha MR & Porteiro FM & Rogers AD" box="[938,1136,1243,1264]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="454 - 470" refId="ref21680" refString="Moura CJ, Cunha MR, Porteiro FM, Rogers AD. 2012. Polyphyly and cryptic diversity in the hydrozoan families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Invertebrate Systematics 25: 454 - 470." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BCBCFB09FBCFFB12" box="[1020,1069,1244,1263]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C043B24FF85FFB9BC7BFAC0FBDBFA59" blockId="16.[827,1443,1300,1444]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC7BFAC0FC4FFAD4" box="[827,941,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF85FFB9BCFBFAC2FA41FAD4" authority="Rees & Vervoort, 1987" authorityName="Rees & Vervoort" authorityYear="1987" box="[955,1443,1300,1321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BCFBFAC2FB60FAD5" box="[955,1154,1302,1321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Zygophylax tottoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582A46D5FF85FFB9BBCDFAC0FA41FAD4" author="Rees WJ & Vervoort W" box="[1165,1443,1300,1321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref22051" refString="Rees WJ, Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF85FFB9BCFAFAE1FBC1FABA" baseAuthorityName="Saemundsson" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[954,1059,1332,1351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leviseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BCFAFAE1FBC1FABA" box="[954,1059,1332,1351]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Z. leviseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the hydrothecal morphology, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBB40A7FF85FFB9BC2AFA80FC33FA9B" baseAuthorityName="Saemundsson" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[874,977,1363,1382]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zygophylacidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leviseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECFE736FF85FFB9BC2AFA80FC33FA9B" box="[874,977,1363,1382]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="68">Z. leviseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has comparatively more numerous and smaller nematothecae; see details in Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation id="71390E9FFF85FFB9BC90FA5AFBDBFA59" box="[976,1081,1422,1444]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[142,202,603,624]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Comparative characters of Zygophylax abyssicola, Z. lighti, Z. pseudosibogae, Z. tankahkeei and species with close morphological similarities" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68C46BACFF90FFACBFCEFD8FF9B1FD8D" pageId="16" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="68C46BACFF90FFACBFCEFD8FF9B1FD8D">Table S2.</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |