180 lines
21 KiB
XML
180 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E2B1FDD92CE63569B423B3D80C7A395D">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1B53123E1DA32A157795EE4A5809877">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7E95B20B0F6BD4CD17B669468C488B72" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B74F86091252CE0D9E3B8BCF4DE18058">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA4B5E0EC807EA41E0F3D05DB1C0CCC9" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="29D3DE24027CD6ECADD8EF6420D04326">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="914029B992ABF7895BB575EC30A13792">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7247D7ACCADD639F52423241348E3093">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="04DE325B010B51236B145D741EBDB89F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F985608E90247505B38C428189C980D5">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFF99FFB2E0D052BB8804FDBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518186" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFF99FFB2E0D052BB8804FDBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFF99FFB2E0D052BB8804FDBC" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF99FFB3E0D052BB894CFDBC" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB3E0D052BB8CC1FF6D" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[151,486,150,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="604781C1FF99FFB3E0D052BB8CC1FF6D" bold="true" box="[151,486,150,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF99FFB3E0D052BB8CC1FF6D" ID-CoL="3TN5X" ID-ENA="1349690" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,486,150,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrosternum">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E0D052BB8CC1FF6D" bold="true" box="[151,486,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Leptodactylus macrosternum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB3E0805297894CFDBC" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E08052978CEAFF08" bold="true" box="[199,461,186,212]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on five tadpoles at Stage 37 (LCS 604). Total length 34.8 ±
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF99FFB3E501529788BAFF09" box="[1350,1437,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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(N = 5). Body elongate oval in dorsal view and globular in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF99FFB3E38452F3896CFF24" box="[963,1099,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,641,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-229@88.[151,1436,632,1628]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 56. Tadpole of Leptodactylus macrosternum (LCS 604) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518124/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 56A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes small, dorsally positioned and dorsolaterally directed. Nostrils small, oval, dorsally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF99FFB3E568530B88B3FE9D" box="[1327,1428,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,641,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-229@88.[151,1436,632,1628]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 56. Tadpole of Leptodactylus macrosternum (LCS 604) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518124/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 56C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, emarginate ventrolaterally; marginal papillae conical, uniseriate anterolateralmente and biseriate posteriorly, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae absent. LTRF 2/3; A1 and A2 of the same length; P2 slightly longer than P1 and P3. Posterior jaw sheath wider than anterior jaw sheath, both finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, lateroventral, cylindric, short and wide, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin of moderate height, originating at the tail-body junction, convex; ventral fin of moderate height, convex. Tail tip rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FF99FFB3E0D0545E8CC0F96C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518124/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,250,1651,1675]" targetBox="[171,1423,641,1619]" targetPageId="88">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB3E0D0545E8CC0F96C" blockId="88.[151,1436,1651,1712]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E0D0545E8C38F957" bold="true" box="[151,287,1651,1675]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 56.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF99FFB3E1D2545E8F9EF957" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1926" box="[405,697,1651,1675]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrosternum">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E1D2545E8F9EF957" box="[405,697,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Leptodactylus macrosternum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(LCS 604) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF99FFB2E08054F08C38FF08" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB3E08054F08C8FF8B8" blockId="88.[151,1437,1757,2036]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E08054F08C07F92B" bold="true" box="[199,288,1757,1783]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body and caudal musculature light brown; dorsum and lateral regions of the body, caudal musculature and fins covered by many, homogeneously distributed small chromatophores; fins translucent. In life body transparent olive grey; caudal musculature transparent olive grey; fins transparent (as
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF99FFB3E4B8550B8DDBF8B8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E4B8550B8DDBF8B8" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Leptodactylus ocellatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Hero 1990).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB3E08055408E6AF854" blockId="88.[151,1437,1757,2036]" box="[199,845,1901,1928]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E08055408C18F85B" bold="true" box="[199,319,1901,1927]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Variation.</emphasis>
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LTRF 2/3 or 2/3(1) between Stages 36 and 39.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB3E08055BF8FDAF80C" blockId="88.[151,1437,1757,2036]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E08055BF8C4FF870" bold="true" box="[199,360,1938,1964]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Metamorphs.</emphasis>
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Metamorphs light brown. One individual in Stage 42 presented faint, early developing dorsolateral glandular lines that are characteristic of the adults.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF99FFB2E08055F78C38FF08" blockId="88.[151,1437,1757,2036]" lastBlockId="89.[151,1437,150,609]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF99FFB3E08055F78CAFF82F" bold="true" box="[199,392,2009,2036]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Floating foam nests guarded by females in temporary ponds in open and disturbed areas. Tadpoles form schools in the water column. Eggs and tadpoles are prey to
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF98FFB2E3A652BB8C3CFF08" authority="(Verdade et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Verdade" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Amphibia" family="Typhlonectidae" genus="Typhlonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="compressicauda">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E3A652BB8817FF6C" box="[993,1328,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Typhlonectes compressicauda</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF98FFB2E57952BB8C34FF08" author="Verdade, V. K. & Schiesari, L. C. & Bertoluci, J. A." pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="291 - 293" refId="ref84896" refString="Verdade, V. K., Schiesari, L. C. & Bertoluci, J. A. (2000) Diet of juvenile aquatic caecilians, Typhlonectes compressicauda (Gymnophiona, Typhlonectidae). Journal of Herpetology, 34, 291 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565428" type="journal article" year="2000">
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Verdade
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E0D052968DE8FF08" box="[151,207,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF98FFB2E08052F38804FDBC" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF98FFB2E08052F38804FDBC" blockId="89.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E08052F38C68FF24" bold="true" box="[199,335,222,248]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF98FFB2E1AF52F28F8EFF24" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1926" box="[488,681,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrosternum">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E1AF52F28F8EFF24" box="[488,681,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">L. macrosternum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF98FFB2E30952F3897FFF24" author="Dixon, J. R. & Staton, M. A." box="[846,1112,222,248]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref76123" refString="Dixon, J. R. & Staton, M. A. (1976) Some aspects of the biology of Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Herpetologica, 32, 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1976">Dixon & Staton (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF98FFB2E4E552F38832FF24" box="[1186,1301,222,248]" name="Venezuela" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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differ from those herein characterized by presenting nostrils dorsally positioned, spiracle narrow and, P1 to P3 of same length. Tadpoles from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF98FFB2E101530B8C92FE9C" box="[326,437,294,320]" name="Argentina" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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characterized by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF98FFB2E2C1530B8E25FE9C" author="Cei, J. M." box="[646,770,294,320]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref75633" refString="Cei, J. M. (1980) Amphibians of Argentina. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, N. S., Monografia, 2, 1 - 609." type="journal article" year="1980">Cei (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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differ from those herein characterized only by dorsal fin originating on the end of the body. Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF98FFB2E2E053668E42FEB8" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1926" box="[679,869,331,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrosternum">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E2E053668E42FEB8" box="[679,869,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">L. macrosternum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Central Amazonia illustrated by Hero (1990) as
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF98FFB2E0F253438C99FE54" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[181,446,366,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E0F253438C99FE54" box="[181,446,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Leptodactylus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting marginal papillae uniseriate anterolaterally, spiracle narrow, nostrils dorsally positioned, and tip tail rounded. The terminal position of the oral disc in tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF98FFB2E11F539B8C8DFE0C" box="[344,426,438,464]" name="Bolivia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF98FFB2E1FE539B8FB1FE0D" author="Schulze, A. & Jansen, M." box="[441,662,438,465]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref83759" refString="Schulze, A., Jansen, M. & K ˆ hler, G. (2015) Tadpole diversity of Bolivia's lowland anuran communities: molecular identification, morphological characterisation, and ecological assignment. Zootaxa, 4016 (1), 1 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Schulze
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E25C539A8F6AFE0C" box="[539,589,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is the same we considered anteroventral herein. Moreover, tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF98FFB2E09253F78C00FE28" box="[213,295,474,500]" name="Bolivia" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting oral disc not emarginate, marginal papillae triangular, nostrils rounded, and dorsal fin originating in the posterior third of the body (although in
|
||
<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF98FFB2E49D53D38810FDC4" box="[1242,1335,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1143,1167]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,190,1109]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[151,1436,181,1119]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 36. Tadpole of Osteocephalus sp. (CZPB 233/537) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518064/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 36a</figureCitation>
|
||
it seems originating at the tail-body junction). Tadpoles from northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF98FFB2E3C9500F8EF5FDE0" box="[910,978,546,572]" name="Brazil" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF98FFB2E3A3500F89EFFDE0" author="Dubeux, M. J. M. & Nascimento, F. A. C. & Lima, L. R. & Silva, I. R. S. & Goncalves, U. & Almeida, J. P. F. A. & Correia, L. L. & Garda, A. A. & Mesquita, D. O. & Rossa-Feres, D. C. & Mott, T." box="[996,1224,546,573]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="20180718" refId="ref76166" refString="Dubeux, M. J. M., Nascimento, F. A. C., Lima, L. R., Magalh " es, F. M., Silva, I. R. S., Goncalves, U., Almeida, J. P. F. A., Correia, L. L., Garda, A. A., Mesquita, D. O., Rossa-Feres, D. C. & Mott, T. 2020 Morphological characterization and taxonomic key of tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) from the northern region of the Atlantic Forest. Biota Neotropica, 20 (2), e 20180718), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - bn- 2018 - 0718" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Dubeux
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF98FFB2E40E500E895AFDE0" box="[1097,1149,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differ from those characterized herein by the eyes relatively small and the spiracle positioned more anteriorly at the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |