245 lines
31 KiB
XML
245 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3F2C0E19B546AF3012003E75892F8FA7">First record of Polycystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) from Cuba, with the description of a new genus and five new species, and remarks and the description of one new species from Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1E0682C63BB2D57289F155693A5ADD1">Diez, Yander L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F036BFBD9772391EB27CF7AF8C605B55">Hernández, Claudia Sanjuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7569E9D509D244907CF02F11DF1E64B">Reygel, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7329AEAF59D78DDA5226D28395DE6BF6">Roosen, Paulien</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B21887C6E35AB157E6939058542AFE34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5992799" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5992799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21887C6E35AB157E6939058542AFE34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B21887C6E35AB157E6939058542AFE34" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection id="72AB655BE35AB156E693905856EEFCE1" box="[151,1017,862,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB156E693905856EEFCE1" blockId="8.[151,1017,862,922]" box="[151,1017,862,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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<heading id="614681BCE35AB156E693905856EEFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,1017,862,888]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E693905856EEFCE1" ID-CoL="4DHJS" authority="(Marcus, 1954) Karling & Schockaert, 1977" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[151,1017,862,888]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elixus">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E693905856EEFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,1017,862,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E693905854C7FCE1" bold="true" box="[151,464,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Paraustrorhynchus elixus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E7DB9058579CFCE1" author="Marcus, E." box="[479,651,862,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="419 - 489" refId="ref12015" refString="Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brasileiros (11). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia Secretaria da Agricultura Sao Paulo, 11, 419 - 489." type="journal article" year="1954">Marcus, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E49F905856EEFCE1" author="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R." box="[667,1017,862,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="5 - 19" refId="ref11817" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1977. tb 00755. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72AB655BE35AB156E69390875437FC03" box="[151,288,897,922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB156E69390875437FC03" blockId="8.[151,1017,862,922]" box="[151,288,897,922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A28A2A55E35AB156E69B908755F7FC03" box="[159,224,897,922]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus, 1954). A–B, male sclerotized structures (specimen from Cuba). Alcha evelinae Marcus, 1949. C, prostate stylet type III (specimen from Cuba). D, Habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605864/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A–B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AB655BE35AB156E69390CF5472FBEB" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB156E69390CF5472FBEB" blockId="8.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E69390CF572FFC7B" bold="true" box="[151,568,969,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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Material and distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="42A67640E35AB156E7EB90CF5725FC7B" box="[495,562,969,994]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Four specimens studied alive and whole mounted (UH VIII.3.11–VIII.3.14): two from Siboney (
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<date id="4E0F1010E35AB156E77790EB5720FB9F" box="[371,567,1005,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" value="2016-02-07">February 7, 2016</date>
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&
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<date id="4E0F1010E35AB156E45A90EB57EDFB9F" box="[606,762,1005,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" value="2017-04-04">April 4, 2017</date>
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), one in very fine sand,
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<quantity id="FD499B35E35AB156E20A90EB5158FB9C" box="[1038,1103,1005,1030]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
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depth, and the other on
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<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E36190EB55FDFBB3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ulva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactuca">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E36190EB55FDFBB3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Ulva lactuca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<quantity id="FD499B35E35AB156E6FE9714542AFBB0" box="[250,317,1042,1066]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
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deep; one specimen from Chivirico, on
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<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E51797175696FBB3" authorityName="J.V.Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[787,897,1041,1066]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E51797175696FBB3" box="[787,897,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Halimeda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. partially covered by organic matter,
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<quantity id="FD499B35E35AB156E35D9717508BFBB0" box="[1369,1436,1041,1066]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
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deep; one specimen from Las Sardinas, on
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<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E4849730567CFBD7" authorityName="Schnetter, Hörning & Weber-Peukert" authorityYear="1987" box="[640,875,1077,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dictyota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menstrualis">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E4849730567CFBD7" box="[640,875,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Dictyota menstrualis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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partially covered by organic matter,
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<quantity id="FD499B35E35AB156E30A97335058FBD4" box="[1294,1359,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
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depth. Salinity 32–35 ‰.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72AB655BE35AB157E6C3977B542AFE34" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB156E6C3977B500AFAF4" blockId="8.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E6C3977B542CFB0F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1149,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Remarks.</emphasis>
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E7E09778579BFB0F" author="Marcus, E." box="[484,652,1149,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="419 - 489" refId="ref12015" refString="Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brasileiros (11). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia Secretaria da Agricultura Sao Paulo, 11, 419 - 489." type="journal article" year="1954">Marcus (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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the male sclerotized structures of
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<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E2189778516BFB0F" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1052,1148,1149,1174]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elixus">
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<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E2189778516BFB0F" box="[1052,1148,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">P. elixus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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consist of three separate pieces: a small stylet connected to the prostate vesicle ("estilete da vesicula granulorum), a plate-like stylet associated with the ejaculatory duct ("estilete da vesicula seminais"), and an S-shaped plate ("flabelo"), to which a hook is connected ("flagelo").
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E7FB97EF5642FA9B" author="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R." box="[511,853,1257,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="5 - 19" refId="ref11817" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1977. tb 00755. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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, studying the original material of
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E2EF97EC5080FA9B" author="Marcus, E." box="[1259,1431,1257,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="419 - 489" refId="ref12015" refString="Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brasileiros (11). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia Secretaria da Agricultura Sao Paulo, 11, 419 - 489." type="journal article" year="1954">Marcus (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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, concluded that the plate-like stylet and the S-shaped plate are connected to each other, forming one complex structure. This view was followed by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E44296375648FAD3" author="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S." box="[582,863,1329,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref11031" refString="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S. (2008) Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve species. Zootaxa, 1849, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Artois & Tessens (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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, who consider the entire structure a prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E693965055D0FAF7" box="[151,199,1366,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
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III, considering the small stylet connected to the prostate vesicle
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<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E5A1965056C2FAF7" box="[933,981,1366,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II as a prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E2CF965051ECFAF7" box="[1227,1275,1366,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB156E6C3967C502CF8FF" blockId="8.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
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However, the new material collected in
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<collectingCountry id="42A67640E35AB156E48F967F57D1FA0B" box="[651,710,1401,1426]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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clearly shows that the complex accessory copulatory organ (the "prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E74C9698546FFA2F" box="[328,376,1438,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
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III") indeed consists of two separate structures: the stalk and the S-shaped plate with a hook. Both structures are only connected proximally by a muscular bulb, as was mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E27F96C45034FA43" author="Marcus, E." box="[1147,1315,1473,1498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="419 - 489" refId="ref12015" refString="Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brasileiros (11). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia Secretaria da Agricultura Sao Paulo, 11, 419 - 489." type="journal article" year="1954">Marcus (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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. In several specimens both structures lie on top of each other, making it extremely difficult to observe that they are separated. In live animals, however, as well as in more lightly-squeezed whole mounts, it is obvious that both structures are indeed separated. At the moment it is impossible to determine what are the exact homologies of the two parts, i.e. which of the two parts, if any, corresponds to the prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E55B95545698F9F3" box="[863,911,1618,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
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III of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E28895575022F9F3" authorityName="Schockaert & Karling" authorityYear="1970" box="[1164,1333,1617,1642]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polycystidinae">Polycystidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because of its close association with the ejaculatory duct, it could be deduced that the "stalk" actually is the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E693959C55D0F92B" box="[151,199,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III and that the S-shaped plate with a hook is either a newly-formed structure, or is a part that in the course of evolution has come loose from the stalk. This, of course, is all highly speculative. The only other species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E69395E7542BF963" authorityName="Schockaert & Karling" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,316,1761,1786]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polycystidinae">Polycystidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has three stylets is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E44E95E75008F963" authority="Willems, Schockaert & Artois, 2006" authorityName="Willems, Schockaert & Artois" authorityYear="2006" box="[586,1311,1761,1786]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Triaustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E44E95E7566CF960" box="[586,891,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Triaustrorhynchus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E58695E75008F963" author="Willems, W. R. & Schockaert, E. R. & Artois, T. J." box="[898,1311,1761,1786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="329 - 355" refId="ref12693" refString="Willems, W. R., Schockaert, E. R. & Artois, T. J. (2006) Report on the Polycystididae (Rhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia) from Australia, with the description of twelve new species and six new genera. Hydrobiologia, 563, 329 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 006 - 0041 - 3" type="journal article" year="2006">Willems, Schockaert & Artois, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E75294005491F887" box="[342,390,1798,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II, a prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E476940057B5F887" box="[626,674,1798,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III and an accessory stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E5E194005102F887" box="[997,1045,1798,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB156E24894035021F887" author="Willems, W. R. & Schockaert, E. R. & Artois, T. J." box="[1100,1334,1797,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="329 - 355" refId="ref12693" refString="Willems, W. R., Schockaert, E. R. & Artois, T. J. (2006) Report on the Polycystididae (Rhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia) from Australia, with the description of twelve new species and six new genera. Hydrobiologia, 563, 329 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 006 - 0041 - 3" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Willems
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E2B1940051FDF887" box="[1205,1258,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the accessory stylet in this species is in a much more distal position in the male atrium and is associated with a glandular vesicle of its own. Therefore, it is doubtful that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E51A94485682F8FC" authorityName="Willems, Schockaert & Artois" authorityYear="2006" box="[798,917,1870,1893]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Triaustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E51A94485682F8FC" box="[798,917,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">T. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E5CF9448513FF8FF" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[971,1064,1869,1894]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elixus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E5CF9448513FF8FF" box="[971,1064,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">P. elixus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very closely related.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB156E6C3947756E6F84B" blockId="8.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The above suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E7DD94745722F813" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[473,565,1905,1930]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elixus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E7DD94745722F813" box="[473,565,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">P. elixus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong to the same genus as the other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E2BA9477508BF813" box="[1214,1436,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E2BA9477508FF813" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" box="[1214,1432,1905,1930]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Paraustrorhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which currently includes three other species that typically have two stylets only. However, we prefer not to create a separate, new genus for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB14D53E35AB156E7A294BC5714F84B" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[422,515,1977,2002]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elixus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35AB156E7A294BC5714F84B" box="[422,515,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">P. elixus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
before molecular data affirms this decision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A0E36D0E35AB157E6C394D8542AFE34" blockId="8.[151,1437,969,2038]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">
|
||
As to morphology, the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35AB156E47A94D857B9F86F" box="[638,686,2014,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II in the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A67640E35AB156E5E594DB510BF86F" box="[993,1052,2013,2038]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="115">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
is as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35AB157E30494DB5429FF29" author="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R." lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="8" pageNumber="115" pagination="5 - 19" refId="ref11817" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1977. tb 00755. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Schockaert & Karling (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35BB157E7719391579FFF29" author="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S." box="[373,648,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref11031" refString="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S. (2008) Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve species. Zootaxa, 1849, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Artois & Tessens (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the specimens of other areas. It is 31–37 µm long (
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35BB157E2F0939F5010FF29" box="[1268,1287,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">x̄</emphasis>
|
||
= 35 µm; n = 4) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28A2A55E35BB157E6BA93BA5416FF4D" box="[190,257,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[168,1423,497,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,481,1312]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phonorhynchopsis haegheni (Artois & Schockaert, 2001) (specimen from Cuba). A, accessory stylet type IV. B, prostate stylet type IV. Phonorhynchopsis linguatus (Artois & Tessens, 2008). C, accessory stylet type IV. D, prostate stylet type IV (reference specimen HU III.4.47 from Kenya). E, accessory stylet type IV. F, prostate stylet type IV (reference specimen HU IV.1.17 from Zanzibar). Phonorhynchopsis capillaris sp. n. (holotype). G, accessory stylet type IV. H, prostate stylet type IV. Phonorhynchopsis sublinguatus sp. n. (holotype). I, accessory stylet type IV. J, prostate stylet type IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605862/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: ps2), which fits the range recorded up to now (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35BB157E58593BA5190FF4D" author="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S." box="[897,1159,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref11031" refString="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S. (2008) Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve species. Zootaxa, 1849, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Artois & Tessens 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): 27 µm (specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A67640E35BB157E69393E6545DFF61" box="[151,330,223,248]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) – 33 µm (specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A67640E35BB157E48B93D957CFFF61" box="[655,728,223,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). As mentioned above, the "prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50A8872E35BB157E2D193E65012FF61" box="[1237,1285,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III" actually consists of two separated parts: a long, somewhat slender "stalk" and an S-shaped plate with a hook. In the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A67640E35BB157E7559221549BFED9" box="[337,396,295,320]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
the stalk is 76–84 µm long (
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35BB157E4D7922F57F0FED9" box="[723,743,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">x̄</emphasis>
|
||
= 80 µm; n = 4) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28A2A55E35BB157E5A9922156F8FED9" box="[941,1007,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus, 1954). A–B, male sclerotized structures (specimen from Cuba). Alcha evelinae Marcus, 1949. C, prostate stylet type III (specimen from Cuba). D, Habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605864/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: sk), the S-shaped plate is 63–78 µm long (
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35BB157E70C924B540BFEFD" box="[264,284,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">x̄</emphasis>
|
||
= 70 µm; n = 4) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28A2A55E35BB157E7E0924A5731FEFD" box="[484,550,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus, 1954). A–B, male sclerotized structures (specimen from Cuba). Alcha evelinae Marcus, 1949. C, prostate stylet type III (specimen from Cuba). D, Habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605864/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: spl), and the hook is 13–23 µm long (
|
||
<emphasis id="08C5EAC2E35BB157E21E924B5139FEFD" box="[1050,1070,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">x̄</emphasis>
|
||
= 18 µm; n = 4) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28A2A55E35BB157E2F1924A502FFEFD" box="[1269,1336,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[172,1416,471,1549]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus, 1954). A–B, male sclerotized structures (specimen from Cuba). Alcha evelinae Marcus, 1949. C, prostate stylet type III (specimen from Cuba). D, Habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605864/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="116">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B: h). These measurements correspond to the measurements given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E204B21E35BB157E56C9269516AFE11" author="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S." box="[872,1149,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref11031" refString="Artois, T. J. & Tessens, B. S. (2008) Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve species. Zootaxa, 1849, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Artois & Tessens (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the other populations of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |