treatments-xml/data/B1/F4/03/B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159" ID-PMC="PMC5234547" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-74-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFFE8D127E250B6CFFF2FFEFCF5ECC52" ID-PubMed="28127235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165482" ModsDocID="1314-2003-74-19" checkinTime="1478665661613" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Saerkinen, Tiina &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2016" docId="B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 74: 19-33" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 74" docPubDate="2016-11-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159" docTitle="Solanum woodii Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFFE8D127E250B6CFFF2FFEFCF5ECC52" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFFE8D127E250B6CFFF2FFEFCF5ECC52" masterDocTitle="Two new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Gran Chaco Americano and a key for the herbaceous glandular-pubescent solanums from the region" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668141865699" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Gran Chaco Americano and a key for the herbaceous glandular-pubescent solanums from the region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, EH 3 5 LR Edinburgh, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, SW 7 5 BD London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-11-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>74</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>19</mods:start>
<mods:end>33</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-74-19</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFFE8D127E250B6CFFF2FFEFCF5ECC52</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">165482</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName LSID="B1F403D2-B88C-5648-B417-117CF211DF12" authority="Särkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii" status="sp. nov.">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="24" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
woodii 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
&amp; S.Knapp
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="24">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Solanum woodii. A Flowering stem B Inflorescence with details of buds, calyx and corolla C Flower at full anthesis (A-B Wood 21787; C Nee et al. 51967; photos by Gwen Davis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/110012" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="25" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tweedianum" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tweedianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Solanum tweedianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook., but differing in having shorter calyx lobes in flower (1.2-2.1 mm) and fruit (2.0-3.5 mm) and broadly ovoid anthers, and to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum physalifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Solanum physalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rusby but differing in having long-triangular calyx lobes, shorter filaments 0.1-0.4 mm long, and broadly ovoid anthers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-04-04" collectorName="J. R. I. Wood" country="Bolivia" county="Santa Rosa" elevation="1169" latitude="-18.70805" location="Valle Grande" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.29308" municipality="Serrano" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Prov. Valle Grande, pasando el puente 
<collectingCounty>Santa Rosa</collectingCounty>
, a 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="km" value="78.0">78 km</quantity>
desde 
<collectingMunicipality>Serrano</collectingMunicipality>
hacia 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:AEDFF91203FF9C33B5069A86891BA5E0" country="Bolivia" county="Santa Rosa" latitude="-18.70805" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.29308" municipality="Serrano" name="Valle Grande" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Valle Grande</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="42.483" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.70805">18°42.483'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="17.585" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-64.29308">64°17.585'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.169" unit="m" value="1169.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.169" unit="m" value="1169.0">1169 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2003-04-04">4 Apr 2003</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
<collectorName>J.R.I. Wood</collectorName>
19616
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: LPB)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
Decumbent, slender annual (fide labels) herb to 30-40 cm. Stems 1.0-5.0 mm in diameter, terete, much branching, pale yellow or greenish beige, glabrescent; new growth densely pubescent with spreading translucent 5-8-celled simple uniseriate glandular trichomes c. 0.5 mm long, some to 1 mm. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, (2.3-)4.5-8.0 cm long, (1.5-)2.2-4.3 cm wide, elliptic to ovate, thin-membranous; adaxial surface moderately pubescent with spreading hairs as on stem evenly spaced along lamina and veins; abaxial surface more densely pubescent along veins; major veins 5-7 pairs; base attenuate to decurrent; margins entire to shallowly and unevenly toothed, the lobes narrow; apex acute; petiole 0.8-4.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent with simple 5-8-celled uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences 1.5-3.0 cm long, simple, opposite the leaves, with (2-)3-7 flowers, sparsely pubescent with simple 5-8-celled uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.9-1.8 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the apex and ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base; pedicels spaced 0-1 mm apart, 0.7-1.1 cm long, ca. 0.2 mm in diameter at the base and ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, articulated at the base. Buds ovoid, white, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx before anthesis, exceeding the lobes by up to two times their length. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect. Calyx tube 0.6-0.7 mm long, the lobes 1.2-2.1 mm long, 0.8-1.0 mm wide, ovate to elliptic in outline with acute apices, somewhat spreading at anthesis, sparsely pubescent with simple 5-8-celled uniseriate glandular trichomes like those of the stems. Corolla 1.0-1.5 cm in diameter, white with a greenish-purple central star at the base, stellate, lobed to the middle, the lobes 4.0-6.0 mm long, 2.0-3.0 mm wide, reflexed at anthesis, sparsely pubescent abaxially with very short 1-2-celled simple uniseriate eglandular trichomes. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 0.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.1-0.4 mm long, adaxially pubescent with 4-7-celled uniseriate eglandular trichomes; anthers (2.5-)3.0-3.8 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide at base, ca. 0.5 mm at tip, tapering and narrowly triangular to triangular in outline, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 4.5-5.0 mm long, exerted 1.5-2.0 mm beyond the anther cone, curved at the very tip, densely pubescent with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes in the basal 1/3 where included in the anther cone; stigma minutely capitate, the surface papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 5-9 mm in diameter, green (immature), the pericarp thick and shiny; 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="26" start="start">fruiting</pageBreakToken>
pedicels 0.7-1.0 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at the apex, spaced 0-1 mm apart, spreading to recurved; fruiting calyx tube ca. 1 mm long, the lobes 2.0-3.5 mm long, spreading to reflexed. Seeds 15-30 per berry, 1.6-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, flattened, teardrop-shaped with a subapical hilum, yellow, the surface minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline with the lateral cell walls elongate and the seeds from mature fruits appearing hairy. Stone cells absent.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="985555" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/110012" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
Flowering stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
Inflorescence with details of buds, calyx and corolla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
Flower at full anthesis (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">A-B</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Wood 21787</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Nee et al. 51967</emphasis>
; photos by Gwen Davis).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
(Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map of Solanum woodii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/110014" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">4</figureCitation>
). Endemic to Bolivia in the Departments of Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz, growing in Chaco and Chaco forests of inter-Andean valleys, in dry Chaco woodlands on sandy and clay soils near water sources, rivers and in moist depressions in partial or full shade; between 300-1,800 m elevation.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="985557" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/110014" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Flowering and fruiting during the wet season from January-April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">The species epithet honours John R.I. Wood who has collected extensively in central and eastern Bolivia and mentored numerous young Bolivian botanists. Material collected by John throughout his career has been the basis for the description of many new species, and here we add yet another to that long list.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
The preliminary IUCN (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B18" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [12Dec2014]" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
) threat status of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Vulnerable (VU, B1) based on the small extent of occurrence (EOO=19,656 km2). The area of occupancy is even smaller (AOO=36 km2) and would merit status as endangered (EN), but knowing that collection densities in this part of south-central 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="27" start="start">Bolivia</pageBreakToken>
remain low and that the collections are mainly along the sparse road network, we prefer basing our assessment on the extent rather than area of occurrence. No occurrences are known within protected areas in Bolivia thus far.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-03-02" collectorName="J. R. I. Wood" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Belisario Boeto" elevation="1350" latitude="-18.926945" location="Rio Grande" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.28528" municipality="Santa Rosa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="Chuquisaca">Chuquisaca</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCounty>Prov. Belisario Boeto</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
, bajando de 
<collectingCounty>Nuevo Mundo</collectingCounty>
hacia 
<collectingMunicipality>Santa Rosa</collectingMunicipality>
, en 
<normalizedToken originalValue="dirección">direccion</normalizedToken>
al 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:50E6B1433A2976BF583DABD61A436997" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Belisario Boeto" latitude="-18.926945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.28528" municipality="Santa Rosa" name="Rio Grande" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-18.926945">18°55'37&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-64.28528">64°17'07&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1350.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1350.0">1,350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2006-03-02">2 Mar 2006</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectorName>J.R.I. Wood</collectorName>
22341
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-01-04" collectorName="M. Nee" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Andres Ibanez" elevation="310" latitude="-17.833334" location="Estancia Caracore" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-62.833332" municipality="Quebrada Caracore" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCounty>
Prov. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibáñez">Ibanez</normalizedToken>
</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="km" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 km</quantity>
E-SE of 
<collectingCounty>Comunidad Don Lorenzo</collectingCounty>
, nr 
<collectingMunicipality>
Quebrada 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caracoré">Caracore</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
, on rd to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:3DCE36EEBEB3B3E51D21BC1D68DDE77E" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Andres Ibanez" latitude="-17.833334" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-62.833332" municipality="Quebrada Caracore" name="Estancia Caracore" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
Estancia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caracoré">Caracore</normalizedToken>
</location>
, La Bola area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.833334">17°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-62.833332">62°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="m" value="310.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="m" value="310.0">310 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1996-01-04">4 Jan 1996</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectorName>M. Nee</collectorName>
46692
</emphasis>
(MO, NY)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-03-31" collectingDateMax="2007-02-20" collectingDateMin="1994-03-31" collectorName="J. Balcazar, Pulquina, J. R. I. Wood" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Caballero" elevation="1500" latitude="-18.099167" location="El Canal" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.43111" municipality="El Canal" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<locationName>
<collectingCounty>Prov. Caballero</collectingCounty>
</locationName>
</emphasis>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:2C6268DB4236ABC15961196A8F4A7B01" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Caballero" latitude="-18.099167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.43111" municipality="El Canal" name="El Canal" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<collectingMunicipality>El Canal</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
, a 
<locationDeviation location="Saipina">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
N de Saipina
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-18.005556">18°00'20&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-64.604164">64°36'15&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1,500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1994-03-31">31 Mar 1994</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectorName>
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balcázar">Balcazar</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
368
</emphasis>
(MO); cerca de 
<collectorName>Pulquina</collectorName>
hacia el 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:657FFAE15F3906074D7AF3312FD7BAC3" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Caballero" latitude="-18.099167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.43111" municipality="El Canal" name="Rio Mizque" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Mizque
</location>
, ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
antes de llegar al primer cruce de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
y ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
de la comunidad 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:2C36806A843B3003EB7A79AE731ED541" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Caballero" latitude="-18.099167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.43111" municipality="El Canal" name="Witron" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Witron</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-18.099167">18°05'57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-64.43111">64°25'52&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5619999999999998" unit="m" value="1562.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5619999999999998" unit="m" value="1562.0">1,562 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2007-02-20">20 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectorName>J.R.I. Wood</collectorName>
22840
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1998-04-19" collectingDateMax="2002-03-24" collectingDateMin="1998-04-19" collectorName="M. Nee" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Cordillera" elevation="510" latitude="-18.666666" location="Rio Seco" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-63.3925" municipality="Abapo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCounty>Prov. Cordillera</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
, along gravel rd eastward, just E of new highway from 
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Abapó">
<collectingMunicipality>Abapo</collectingMunicipality>
</normalizedToken>
, the turnoff 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
N of bridge over 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:3AB7B482975CD65C1C956F1502BFDE16" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Cordillera" latitude="-18.666666" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-63.3925" municipality="Abapo" name="Rio Seco" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Seco
</location>
, 18°63'33&quot;S, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-63.3925">63°23'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" unit="m" value="510.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1998-04-19">19 Apr 1998</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
<collectorName>M. Nee</collectorName>
49056
</emphasis>
(MO); floodplain and adjacent upland along the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Seco, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
NW of highway at the town of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Seco along 
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="28" start="start">rd</pageBreakToken>
to La Florida, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.666666">18°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.25">63°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" unit="m" value="525.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" unit="m" value="525.0">525 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2002-03-24">24 Mar 2002</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName>M. Nee</collectorName>
51967
</emphasis>
(MO).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-01-29" collectingDateMax="2007-02-18" collectingDateMin="1994-01-29" collectorName="M. Nee, de Pucara, J. R. I. Wood, La Higuera, de Santa Rosa" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Vallegrande" elevation="1500" latitude="-18.701668" location="Rio Grande" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.273056" municipality="Pucara" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<collectingCounty>Prov. Vallegrande</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
, steep slopes of valley of the 
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande
</collectingCounty>
, on rd from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">
<collectingMunicipality>Pucara</collectingMunicipality>
</normalizedToken>
to the new bridge over the 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:CCC22D45A79E8A83C0CD59FBA42AEDEC" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Vallegrande" latitude="-18.701668" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.273056" municipality="Pucara" name="Rio Grande" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande
</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
(by winding road) 
<locationDeviation location="Puente Santa Rosa">NW of Puente Santa Rosa</locationDeviation>
, 18°70'00&quot;S, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-64.47583">64°28'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1,500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1994-01-29">29 Jan 1994</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName>M. Nee</collectorName>
44742
</emphasis>
(MO); bajando 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">Pucara</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
hacia 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1F403D2B88C5648B417117CF211DF12:465B061127614E1EBD55A179B59F3420" country="Bolivia" county="Prov. Vallegrande" latitude="-18.701668" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.273056" municipality="Pucara" name="Santa Rosa del Rio Grande" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
Santa Rosa del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-18.245277">18°14'43&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-64.26667">64°16'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7869999999999997" unit="m" value="1787.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7869999999999997" unit="m" value="1787.0">1,787 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2005-03-06">6 Mar 2005</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName>J.R.I. Wood</collectorName>
21787
</emphasis>
(K); 
<collectorName>La Higuera</collectorName>
, bajando 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pucará">Pucara</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
al puente 
<collectorName>de Santa Rosa</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-18.701668">18°42'06&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-64.273056">64°16'23&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="1580.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="1580.0">1,580 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2007-02-18">18 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
(fl,fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName>J.R.I. Wood</collectorName>
22790
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unusual in having tapering, somewhat cone-shaped anthers with a beak-like tip (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum michaelis. A Fruiting stem B Inflorescence with details of indumentum of simple, multi-cellular eglandular and glandular trichomes along the stem, calyx and corolla C Flower at full anthesis with buds D Maturing fruit (A-D Nee &amp; Flores 54821: photos by Michael Nee)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/110007" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">1C</figureCitation>
); this character, however, can be difficult to see in older flower with dehisced anthers. Amongst other glandular-viscid herbaceous solanums it could be confused with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tweedianum" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tweedianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum tweedianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum physalifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum physalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tweedianum" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tweedianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum tweedianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the latter species has longer calyx lobes in flower (3.5-5(-7) mm) and fruit (&gt;5 mm), and slightly larger ellipsoid anthers (3.0-)4.0-4.5 mm long that are rectangular in outline (equally wide along their entire length) rather than broadest at the base; the calyx of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tweedianum" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tweedianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum tweedianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is accrescent and completely covers the berry at maturity, while that of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is spreading and does not become accrescent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
The unusual anther shape in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of the enigmatic 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum anomalostemon" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomalostemon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum anomalostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S.Knapp &amp; M.Nee described from the dry inter-Andean valley of the Rio Apurimac in southern Peru (
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="178 - 181" publicationUrl="10.3417/2007108" refId="B25" refString="Knapp, S, Nee, M, 2009. Solanum anomalostemon (Solanaceae), an endangered new species from southern Peru with unusual anther morphology. Novon 19: 178 - 181, DOI: 10.3417/2007108" title="Solanum anomalostemon (Solanaceae), an endangered new species from southern Peru with unusual anther morphology." url="10.3417/2007108" volume="19" year="2009">Knapp and Nee 2009</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum anomalostemon" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomalostemon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum anomalostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically unique within 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having cordate anthers, and was thought to belong to the Morelloid clade (
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="178 - 181" publicationUrl="10.3417/2007108" refId="B25" refString="Knapp, S, Nee, M, 2009. Solanum anomalostemon (Solanaceae), an endangered new species from southern Peru with unusual anther morphology. Novon 19: 178 - 181, DOI: 10.3417/2007108" title="Solanum anomalostemon (Solanaceae), an endangered new species from southern Peru with unusual anther morphology." url="10.3417/2007108" volume="19" year="2009">Knapp and Nee 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Recent molecular phylogenetic evidence, however, showed it belongs to the Mapiriense clade (
<bibRefCitation author="Saerkinen, TS" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="945 - 958" publicationUrl="10.12705/645.5" refId="B33" refString="Saerkinen, TS, Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, 2015c. True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum. Taxon 64: 945 - 958, DOI: 10.12705/645.5" title="True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum." url="10.12705/645.5" volume="64" year="2015 c">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2015c
</bibRefCitation>
), along with a small group of species that have similar tapering anthers (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Bohs, L" editor="Keating, R" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="27 - 49" refId="B9" refString="Bohs, L, 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequence data. In: Keating, R, Hollowell, VC, Croat, TB, Eds., A festschrift for William G. D'Arcy - The legacy of a taxonomist. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis: 27 - 49" title="Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequence data." volumeTitle="A festschrift for William G. D'Arcy - The legacy of a taxonomist." year="2005">Bohs 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the similarity in anther shape, preliminary molecular data suggest 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the Morelloid clade rather than closely related to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum anomalostemon" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomalostemon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Solanum anomalostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other members of the Mapiriense clade (T. Sarkinen, unpubl. data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>