treatments-xml/data/B1/D6/C1/B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" ID-PMC="PMC4957028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-66-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" ID-PubMed="27489494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="128816" ModsDocID="1314-2003-66-1" checkinTime="1468449185517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra &amp; Vorontsova, Maria S." docDate="2016" docId="B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 66: 1-142" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 66" docPubDate="2016-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" docTitle="Solanum trichopetiolatum D’Arcy &amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 130. 1994." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; African Non-Spiny &quot; Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1668141734746" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the &quot; African Non-Spiny &quot; Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 7 3 AB, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-07-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>66</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-66-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">128816</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName LSID="B1D6C13D-9B33-5307-8828-05C27E520BF0" authority="D'Arcy &amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 130. 1994." authorityName="D’Arcy &amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 130. 1994." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
Solanum trichopetiolatum 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 130. 1994.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Solanum trichopetiolatum D'Arcy &amp; Rakot. Flowering branch (based on Humbert 23653). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (see text for explanation of changes from original)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95601" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1949-03-24" collectorName="de Marojejy, de la Lokoho, H. Humbert" country="Madagascar" elevation="1500" location="Manantenina" municipality="l'Ouest" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
: pentes orientales du massif 
<collectorName>de Marojejy</collectorName>
(Nord-Est) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ouest">
<collectingMunicipality>l'Ouest</collectingMunicipality>
</normalizedToken>
de la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivière">riviere</normalizedToken>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:F8A92B759D2D90247A6742CE6ADF844B" country="Madagascar" municipality="l'Ouest" name="Manantenina" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Manantenina</location>
, affluent 
<collectorName>de la Lokoho</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1949-03-24">24 Mar 1949</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<collectorName>H. Humbert</collectorName>
23653
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: P [P00352290]; isotype: MO [MO-3707383], K [K000414176])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Shrub (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ravelonarivo &amp; Rabesonina 636</emphasis>
) or slender liana to 8 m in forest canopy. Stems flexuous, ribbed, variably pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes 0.7-2 mm long, these appressed or spreading, often concentrated around the leaf bases, glabrescent; new growth glabrous or pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long. Bark of older stems longitudinally ridged when dry, dark orange to dark red, glabrescent. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, evenly distributed along young branches. Leaves simple, 5-10 cm long 1.8-2.5 cm wide, oblong to obovate, thick-chartaceous, sometimes shiny, weakly to strongly discolorous, glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely pubescent in the basal part with simple uniseriate trichomes along the margins; major veins 4-12 pairs, spreading at 45-60° to the midvein and forming loops, the finer venation not visible, or if visible seen as a delicate network; base equal or slightly oblique, short-attenuate; margins entire; apex acuminate to caudate; petiole 0.6-1.2 cm long, canaliculate, pubescent with simple uniseriate 4-8-celled trichomes 0.5-1.5 mm long, these denser along the margins, not apparently twining. Inflorescences terminal at the apex of long slender main branches, 5-12 cm long, furcate or branched, with 3-7 flowers; peduncle 1-7 cm long glabrous, or basal part of peduncle rarely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those on the stem; pedicels 1.2-2 cm long, apically dilated, glabrous, articulated 0-0.5 mm from base, often leaving a prominent small peg on the rachis; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 0.2-2 cm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla soon exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx 1-2 mm long, an open cup, the lobes ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide at base, broadly deltate to almost absent, unusually to 2 mm long and linear (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Birkinshaw 2181</emphasis>
), usually rounded to cuspidate at the tips, glabrous with a few simple papillae at the tips, the margins thickened and white in dry material. Corolla 1.2-2.2 cm in diameter, violet, stellate, lobed almost to base, the lobes ovate, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="start">7</pageBreakToken>
-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, largely glabrous on both surfaces, with minute simple trichomes along and around the margins adaxially. Stamens equal; filament tube 0.5-1 mm; free portion of the filaments 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous; anthers 3-4 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, not connivent, smooth abaxially, poricidal at the tips, the pores much smaller than anther apices, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter, clearly delineated and not lengthening with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 6-9 mm long, protruding 2-4 mm beyond the anthers, straight or curved, glabrous; stigma capitate, the surface finely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, ca. 9 mm in diameter (immature?), green, mature colour not known, the pericarp thin, collapsing on drying to reveal the outline of the seeds, glabrous; fruiting pedicels ca. 2 cm long, ca. 0.6 mm diameter at base, pendulous; fruiting calyx slightly accrescent, the lobes spreading and somewhat reflexed. Seeds 4-8(-10) per berry, 3-4 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, dull orange-yellow; the surface deeply pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980385" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95601" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Rakot. Flowering branch (based on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Humbert 23653</emphasis>
). Adapted from 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
with permission of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
National 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
Naturelle (see text for explanation of changes from original).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
(Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Distribution of Solanum trichopetiolatum D'Arcy &amp; Rakot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95602" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">29</figureCitation>
). Endemic to northeastern Madagascar in the area around the mountain of Marojejy, Antsiranana and Mahajanga provinces.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980387" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95602" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 29.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Rakot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Wet montane forests, often growing as a epiphyte in cloud forests; 500 to 1500 m elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Madagascar. Antsiranana: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="liaña">liana</normalizedToken>
vato (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Miller &amp; Lowry 4072</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B56" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11., http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Vulnerable (VU B1a, biii). EOO 12,121 km2 (VU), AOO 28 km2 (EN). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of wet forests, and these are shrinking in extent due to habitat alteration. It does, however, occur in protected areas (e.g., the Marojejy Reserve). In common with other members of the ANS clade in Madagascar, the paucity of collections, indicative of local rarity, coupled with the ongoing habitat threats in Madagascar, indicate monitoring and further collection to assess local rarity are priorities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a slender liana endemic to northern Madagascar, with obovate leaves and pale violet flowers. The species is characterised primarily by its unusual pubescence of straight or curved simple 4-8-celled appressed or spreading trichomes 0.5-1.5 mm long on the petioles and sometimes on the young stems. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one of the several species morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
that we consider distinct enough to merit species status. In addition to the indumentum described above, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the widespread 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its slender, loose inflorescences (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Solanum trichopetiolatum D'Arcy &amp; Rakot. Flowering branch (based on Humbert 23653). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (see text for explanation of changes from original)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95601" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">28</figureCitation>
) with usually fewer than 10 flowers (versus denser more robust inflorescences with more than 10 flowers), glabrous (versus glabrous to densely pubescent) corolla, and leaves that are more obovate and discolorous on herbarium specimens than is typical of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum humblotii" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humblotii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum humblotii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its possession of a branched inflorescence with usually more than 10 flowers, rather than a few-flowered, unbranched inflorescence. It can also usually be distinguished by its calyx that is not lobed or has minute lobes to only 1 mm long (versus calyx lobes 3-4.5 mm long), but 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Birkinshaw 1281</emphasis>
from 2500 m elevation in Mahajanga has the distinctive trichomes of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has 
<pageBreakToken pageId="99" pageNumber="100" start="start">unusual</pageBreakToken>
filiform calyx lobes ca. 2 mm long. Although the plate of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
illustrates what appears to be a papillate anther, the protologue describes the anthers as smooth; all specimens we have seen have smooth, rather than papillate anthers. We have removed this part of the original illustration of 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
in our Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Solanum trichopetiolatum D'Arcy &amp; Rakot. Flowering branch (based on Humbert 23653). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (see text for explanation of changes from original)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95601" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">28</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
The part of Antsiranana surrounding the mountain of Marojejy has been identified by 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="29 - 45" publicationUrl="10.2307/2399807" refId="B24" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1992. Solanaceae of Madagascar: form and geography. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden 79: 29 - 45, DOI: 10.2307/2399807" title="Solanaceae of Madagascar: form and geography." url="10.2307/2399807" volume="79" year="1992">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
(1992)
</bibRefCitation>
as an area of high diversity for wet forest 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The overall aspect of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on herbarium sheets is highly reminiscent of those specimens considered by 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Rakotozafy (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
to belong to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy &amp; A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marojejy" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marojejy">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum marojejy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(here recognised as belonging to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and leaves of the two species dry a 
<pageBreakToken pageId="100" pageNumber="101" start="start">similar</pageBreakToken>
dark golden-brown colour on herbarium sheets; the long trichomes and slender inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
allow easy identification. Field and population studies are necessary to further understand the relationship between 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-02-14" collectingDateMax="1995-05-04" collectingDateMin="1989-02-14" collectorName="de Marojejy, de Doanyanala, de la Lokoho, de l'Andraronga, Miller, Lowry, de Manentenina, de l'Est, de Bealampona, de Mandritsarahely, de Andranomenabe, Ravelonarivo, Rabesonina, d'Ambodimanga I, de Hiakan'ny Zamandrabosy" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" location="Nord-Est" municipality="Marojenty" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty>Ambilobe</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Marojenty</collectingMunicipality>
, contreforts occidentaux du massif 
<collectorName>de Marojejy</collectorName>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:6ACD12B55B82CE12E6F6038483BDA6DF" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" municipality="Marojenty" name="Nord-Est" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Nord-Est</location>
) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
du col 
<collectorName>de Doanyanala</collectorName>
(limite des bassins 
<collectorName>de la Lokoho</collectorName>
et 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Andraronga">l'Andraronga</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
), 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:3E0EE001503B87491563D15CE9C96CC3" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" municipality="Marojenty" name="Humbert" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Humbert</location>
23075
</emphasis>
(P); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:500159BCB1F95DBD3D76348562FB49D0" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" municipality="Marojenty" name="Reserve Naturelle de Marojejy" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Reserve Naturelle de Marojejy</location>
, along the trail to the summit of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:E0C38EF9D248C00BA364EF462CC4ED95" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" municipality="Marojenty" name="Marojejy Est" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Marojejy Est</location>
, 
<locationDeviation location="Mandena.">NW of Mandena.</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingDate value="1989-02-14">14 Feb 1989</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName>Miller</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Lowry</collectorName>
4072
</emphasis>
(MO, TAN); Antsiranana Rural, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:4E978E4E883E5D5D1C39F85203E0A177" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" municipality="Marojenty" name="Antsiranana Reserve" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Antsiranana Reserve</location>
nationale n. 12-Marojejy; sentier qui 
<normalizedToken originalValue="mène">mene</normalizedToken>
au 3r camp, au dessus du village 
<collectorName>de Manentenina</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1990-03-27">27 Mar 1990</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Randrianasolo 107</emphasis>
(MO, P, TAN); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
naturelle 
<normalizedToken originalValue="intégrale">integrale</normalizedToken>
12, Marojejy, au nord 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
, aux environs du sommet 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1994-01-21">21 Jan 1994</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Rasoavimbahoaka et al. 8</emphasis>
(K, MO, P, TAN); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Préfecture">Prefecture</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antalaha">d'Antalaha</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sous-Préfecture">Sous-Prefecture</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
, commune rurale 
<collectorName>de Bealampona</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:13510F56601545154EF59BFA1899ACF9" country="Madagascar" county="Ambilobe" municipality="Marojenty" name="Quartier de Befingotra. Sud-Ouest d'Andapa" stateProvince="Antsiranana">
Quartier de Befingotra. Sud-Ouest 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
</location>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, village 
<collectorName>de Mandritsarahely</collectorName>
, suivant la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivière">riviere</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>de Andranomenabe</collectorName>
de la route nationale approchant la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="chaîne">chaine</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe-Sud">d'Anjanaharibe-Sud</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectingDate value="1995-02-14">14 Feb 1995</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName>Ravelonarivo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Rabesonina</collectorName>
636
</emphasis>
(MO, TAN); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sous-Préfecture">Sous-Prefecture</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
, Commune rurale 
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambodimanga">d'Ambodimanga</normalizedToken>
I
</collectorName>
, Quartier 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andilandrano">d'Andilandrano</normalizedToken>
, environ 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hiakan’ny">Hiakan'ny</normalizedToken>
Zamandrabosy
</collectorName>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’ouest">l'ouest</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andilandrano">d'Andilandrano</normalizedToken>
, dans la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="réserve">reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe-Sud">d'Anjanaharibe-Sud</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectingDate value="1995-05-04">4 May 1995</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<collectorName>Ravelonarivo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Rabesonina</collectorName>
792
</emphasis>
(MO, P, TAN)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-02-23" collectingDateMax="2008-02-24" collectingDateMin="2003-02-23" collectorName="de Matsoandakana" country="Madagascar" location="d'Andasinananatsomanga Amparihy" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: ruisseau 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1D6C13D9B335307882805C27E520BF0:CD56E658E9F84E34A8648876EBD505B0" country="Madagascar" name="d'Andasinananatsomanga Amparihy" stateProvince="Mahajanga">
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andasinananatsomanga">d'Andasinananatsomanga</normalizedToken>
Amparihy
</location>
, commune rurale 
<collectorName>de Matsoandakana</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="2008-02-24">24 Feb 2008</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Bernard et al. 891</emphasis>
(MO, TAN); Tsaratanana Massif, ridge 
<locationDeviation location="Mahatsabory-Mica">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
N of Mahatsabory-Mica
</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingDate value="2003-02-23">23 Feb 2003</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Birkinshaw 1281</emphasis>
(G, MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>