176 lines
22 KiB
XML
176 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="AA90D6C2BBE6BC1B00BC557C850C056E" ID-CLB-Dataset="34683" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c534aa5-955a-49b7-9ce1-835ca6720c3d" ID-PMC="PMC3689063" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-307-45" ID-PubMed="23794923" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-307-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 307" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraíba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil" checkinTime="1451247231301" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne I., Alonso, Carmen, Dias, Thelma L. P., Manso, Cynthia L. C. & Christoffersen, Martin L." docDate="2013" docId="B1B430C2312076DDBE084F449532A5ED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 307: 45-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 307" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673" docTitle="Ophionereis reticulata Say 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF83FFA5FF98BD52FFD3FF85FF8FA509" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraiba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1732684165044" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="164A6A015C99D4EF1A83A45B74C9C6FC">A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraiba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAA396E9832BC6275DBA9913D8A94818">Gondim, Anne I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6585A7E65493C19EC18108EA5143FED3">Alonso, Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1F442DC280AD920B5C24B7EFC04C48D">Dias, Thelma L. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0CC1FC6B95AE8432834DF211CA4F4A9">Manso, Cynthia L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7B6C526D16A532A08F73A6F84551573">Christoffersen, Martin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F524657BFBC84E43242CCEDFD5EA99FE">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6B3287100096C61B966E7F906DD0AC0B">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="323BF86D3C31C9A9B53E1A260415D8D3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="994B5DAEC9342F0ED092BC5327043D06">307</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BD23A9BF77C979C33CFDD84467467AFE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE04DC1748E17766EF96BBC024DC44CA" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B1B430C2312076DDBE084F449532A5ED" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1B430C2312076DDBE084F449532A5ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1B430C2312076DDBE084F449532A5ED" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Ophionereididae" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<subSubSection id="F1692B4A12312EB6A43B3C25C4FDB5C0" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E1289E5763DFDE8159AFB541C98C4B76" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="134C55854698F29E62DCDAE0C45EBC5C" ID-CoL="49YRC" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ophionereis_reticulata" authority="Say, 1825" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1825" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis reticulata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 9
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<normalizedToken id="D81083202BF04C57BAD06947DD66314D" originalValue="a–e">a-e</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8973BC61C246050B53E8A1AD7C0EBBA5" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0F3C82BFA02BDB507D740845A5B1C17A" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751312B3B48AAEF2D21200EB8E146820" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Diskcircular to pentagonal (dd = 1.94 to 6.59 mm). Covered by numerous small and imbricating scales (Fig. 9a). Radial shields small, triangular, elongated and largely separated (Fig. 9a). Aboral surface of disk finely reticulated by fine brownish lines (Fig. 9a). Bursal slits large and with genital papillae (Fig. 9b). Oral shields diamond-shape, longer than wide (Fig. 9c). Adoral shields distally flaring. Three to five oral papillae on each side of jaw angle (Fig. 9c). Distal oral papilla slightly larger, other papillae diminishing progressively in size towards the mouth. Two to three apical papillae. Dorsal arm plates as wide as long, with rounded borders (Fig. 9d). Accessory dorsal arm plates well developed, not touching the neighbouring dorsal plates. Three slightly flattened spines on lateral arm plates (Fig. 9e). Single large, rounded, tentacle scale. Dark brown band (same colour as disk reticulation) along one arm segment, alternated by 3-6 light bands (Fig. 9d).</paragraph>
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<caption id="F2CF94FC4B4479A64EDE82D550B5D0CB" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
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<paragraph id="E4A49605BC4B0C85121824E39B590907" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
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Figure 9. Species of the family
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<taxonomicName id="EC3738B56B69AD174FE76BB6C327EDAC" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophionereididae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="B662FF1183F651764E621426A040FB6D" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis reticulata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">Ophionereis reticulata</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal view, detail of the radial shields B ventral view, detail of the genital scale (gs) C jaw D dorsal view of the arms E ventral view of the arms.
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<taxonomicName id="FAAD45BD558868809DB916FEB4C499F7" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis squamulosa" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamulosa">Ophionereis squamulosa</taxonomicName>
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F dorsal view, detail of the accessory dorsal arm plate (adp) G ventral view H jaw I dorsal view of the arms J ventral view of the arms. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8978CF4076945B29019F6316644EAEA3" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7DDDFC2A120233D1C0E58AC040E283C2" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8438D0704B818B85049E180B2525174" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
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Bermuda, North Carolina, South Carolina offshore reefs, Florida and the islands off southern Florida, the Bahamas, Texas offshore reefs, the Antilles, Mexican Caribbean, Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, coast and islands off Caribbean Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (
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<bibRefCitation id="86A90B28B01586878D75C7277D14F51A" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5F9F3540A66577E5FF371D34ED8FA459" author="Chavarro, SB" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="27 - 46" title="Esponjas y otros microhabitats de ofiuros (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata) em ambientes arrecifales del Archipielago de San Bernardo (Caribe Colombiano)." volume="33" year="2004">Chavarro et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="54F80CD69645E728CFEC2390ACD7A8B5" author="Duran-Gonzalez, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" pagination="53 - 68" title="Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="53" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken id="4067A1EFDF5FA7F5DF1574CD0405DC7D" originalValue="Durán-Gonzáles">Duran-Gonzales</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="0330618619FB5717772039A083E470B8" author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="29" pageNumber="74" pagination="37 - 55" title="Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from Central America Caribbean." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="827FF7204FC74FBC475A40A2923983B5" author="Hernandez-Herrejon, LA" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" pagination="83 - 167" title="Ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="56" year="2008">
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||
<normalizedToken id="49012AB48354AA79F3EB9D4C3B8A40EF" originalValue="Hernández-Herrejón">Hernandez-Herrejon</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In Brazil from
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<normalizedToken id="F1DB082F5FCC67D1CC24B6E5D1031DEE" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DEADA38D601FFC5455299C69BCFC251B" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Albuquerque 1986</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<normalizedToken id="31337C3E2FF76B970D0318F4B335D364" originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A8A019856EA57466C5C0F675B89B45D" author="Gondim, AI" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="32" pageNumber="77" title="Echinodermata da Praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 8: 151 - 159. http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 8 n 2 / pt / abstract? inventory + bn 02408022008," url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" year="2008">Gondim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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), Pernambuco (
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<bibRefCitation id="D42A957DF4A5913B086FEF0A6672166E" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), Alagoas (
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<bibRefCitation id="DEC680535C84A03F852E6D6DADFAB5CE" author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" pagination="136 - 146" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), Bahia (
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<bibRefCitation id="67601F4AC47D23FEFC8EF565DCFDE632" author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Avulso do Centro de Estudos de Zoologia da Universidade de Brasilia" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 11" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil." volume="13" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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), Abrolhos, off southern Bahia (
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<bibRefCitation id="F90C33BC8C560C1086B2D5D74D51B8BC" author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo Serie Oceanografia Biologica 20: 1 - 146." url="10.1590/S0373-55241971000100001" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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), Rio de Janeiro (
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<bibRefCitation id="F5F971116098AD5BD12EB967F29B8DC1" author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Avulsos do Centro de Estudos Zoologicos da Universidade de Brasilia" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 4" title="Os ofiuroides do Rio de Janeiro. Parte I - Ophiotrichidae, Ophiochtonidae e Ophiactidae." volume="6" year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<normalizedToken id="1336D8ADEE57BFE0D924B5A90394AA0F" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A298D774E7E338C4277A77CE090F12F" author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Avulso do Centro de Estudos de Zoologia da Universidade de Brasilia" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 11" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil." volume="13" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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). Intertidal to 560 m. Found between 10 and 33 m in this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DCDB3270EDD79B991E8C8B9931B98E7D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="85AD6A3305DAA46961CB8001539C4936" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A6E66E151F1627E470458C0FD61C713" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
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Occurs in moderate densities in seagrass beds, and on sand with pebbles (
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<bibRefCitation id="8AACC08B4B7563BDADBB2BF255EAF8A8" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). It is known for its cannibalistic and predatory habit (
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<bibRefCitation id="7DEA87131D5F9049D59BD4750E5E6DAE" author="Majer, AP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 7" title="Evidence for an alarm signal in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)." url="10.1017/S1755267209001067" volume="2" year="2009">Majer et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="E993C4DA26F035722424ABDB762881D7" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis reticulata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<pageBreakToken id="339F4F46B247E7B3E988F8BECD6BAF38" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" start="start">Ophionereis</pageBreakToken>
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reticulata
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</taxonomicName>
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is common in shallow waters, living in reef zones under rocks, in coral fragments, and among algae. It has nocturnal habits. Autotomy is frequent (
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<bibRefCitation id="26EA0219C3EF28C859BCCE635AE8934F" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). It displays negative phototaxy, prefering dark crevices (
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<bibRefCitation id="FE40C2A12863FEDE2EC05AAC0A5A738E" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Borges and Amaral 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The species is omnivorous, but feeding mainly on food of vegetable origin (
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<bibRefCitation id="8B1FE7B7247FE9C9A919DF6898484E8D" author="Yokoyama, LQ" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="37" pageNumber="82" pagination="576 - 578" title="The diet of Ophionereis reticulata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in southeastern Brazil." url="10.1590/S0101-81752008000300029" volume="25" year="2008">Yokoyama and Amaral 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). The ambulacral feet are used to dig, to maintain a flow of particles for feeding, including algae and diatom filaments from the surface sediment, and for locomotion (
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<bibRefCitation id="CD2BE3926DEEE35AE37ED3EE9041C6BD" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). The moderately large eggs suggest that this species has a lecithothrophic development (
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<bibRefCitation id="8F544C73508257C4AEBEEC15A29E73BD" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" pagination="31 - 42" title="The ploys of sex: relationships among the mode of reproduction, body size and habits of coral reef brittlestars." url="10.1007/BF00302169" volume="5" year="1986">Hendler and Littman 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<taxonomicName id="DFB5A120258B43166AD0017316A1673B" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis reticulata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">Ophionereis reticulata</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded in commensal association with the polychaete
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<taxonomicName id="772466378218E0C892241BFF5E20F26F" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Malmgreniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malmgreniella variegata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variegata">Malmgreniella variegata</taxonomicName>
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(Treadwell, 1917) (
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<bibRefCitation id="6575794FC1339A5FEC1D16FC0F91F922" author="Pettibone, MH" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Science" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" title="Scaled polychaetes (Polynoidae) associated with ophiuroids and other invertebrates and review of species refered to Malmgrenia McIntosh and replaced by Malmgreniella Hartman, with descriptions of new taxa. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 538: 1 - 92." url="10.5479/si.00810282.538" year="1993">Pettibone 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9773B6F3CF0C22209BC49F3ECB925F53" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Santa-Isabel et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="0B8C50705A1CE6DA7FB087BFD2E85E68" author="Martin, D" journalOrPublisher="Oceanography and Marie Biology, Annual Review" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="217 - 340" title="Symbiotic polychaetes: review of known species." volume="36" year="1998">Martin and Britayev 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="CA316E74CF394DC89820B18851EBCEF6" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesione picta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="picta">Hesione picta</taxonomicName>
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F6EDFD82C5A25F7C684703F7A669B41C" author="De Assis, JE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" pagination="762 - 767" title="An association between Hesione picta (Polychaeta: Hesionidae) and Ophionereis reticulata (Ophiuroidea: Ophionereididae) from the Brazilian coast." volume="51" year="2012">De Assis et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
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). This worm-brittle star symbiosis has also been reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F29C13FBFF8D4EC87D0324825019576" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis annulata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annulata">Ophionereis annulata</taxonomicName>
|
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(Le Conte, 1851) in the Gulf of Panama, suggesting that the association predates the Pliocene separation of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ABAC0B8A6734B185D9944B8622E9749D" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="59C9B46EA489D75E1C8751BC49346B42" author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="65 - 94" title="A revision of the genus Ophionereis (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1953.tb00157.x" volume="123" year="1953">Clark (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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this species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61442FE93F3E4278CBD0558C767D3ED6" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis annulata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annulata">Ophionereis annulata</taxonomicName>
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(Le Conte, 1851), which differs as to the length of the arm spine, aspect of the dorsal arm accessory plate, and reticulate pattern of the disc. The reticulate pattern is a taxonomic character widely used in distinguishing among the species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BECDE84E37CD8138322D30CB41776CF" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophionereididae" genus="Ophionereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophionereis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Ophionereis</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately the material studied has lost much of this information. But the characters of the arms were important in distinguishing species.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |