370 lines
47 KiB
XML
370 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1177-3" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F898831BDC095D819591A1707E77BEB6" ID-ZooBank="E867FD681EF149FC8DE7ACC73F837CA8" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1177-3" checkinTime="1693470133858" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng & Chen, Jung-Chan" docDate="2023" docId="B1463FB817705E54A83B93530C30D596" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1177: 3-21" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1177" docPubDate="2023-08-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854" docTitle="Demarchus Jacoby 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="F898831BDC095D819591A1707E77BEB6" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="F898831BDC095D819591A1707E77BEB6" masterDocTitle="Demarchus hsui (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), a new species from Taiwan, with notes on immatures and biology" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="3" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1693470133858" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="F8743C721EFC578C8C3647A0A9F5DCF2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="150E89F6AC6A487C9FE4872B54605E9F">
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<mods:title id="76C990C58ECE206801AC82A6AE6B842D">Demarchus hsui (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), a new species from Taiwan, with notes on immatures and biology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4622F7C2AB8B759547C316D5DD6D332F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BA2558C9E1136865A872FFC24D1B4680">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B653FB0D48DD5DB7991FDB4A985BC355">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="313847F2E9A5D2E6F84135426C486995">Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="23AB54DBFBDC2B832281E53474753621" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-0557</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E343F1956E78900359762F236FCFD8EB">Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 413, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F48228752E9DD3EF70E329E96599B416" type="email">chifeng@tari.gov.tw</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="93AE024BD0D1E16FCD4EE701926BB484" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4288DE6FB80CDC8D5D48BE6154B93C18">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7C8956DEEBCF30EF626E8A31EDAF5378">Chen, Jung-Chan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0AEE12A826D41EB962A95849FB081BB3">No. 16, Lane 75, Shengli East Road, Pingtung City, Pingtung County 900, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3B3E7731DE274E472A06C25940BD97AB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8746B6DA2BDA1C05C50A8992CA6273F9">
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<mods:title id="EB8989595F8956BB1F9C8442395C8EAB">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5438E1A1C81D84AD3DA0D27440F4C2DA">
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<mods:date id="891D64BA7DF6A89F822D04F49B3AC1AC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9661DD18041DF1CE750BAD9A23715E6A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="28FDB9A6F113D1B1B825C3F1E7BB9F66">2023-08-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E810D3650AF2A6107E36071B171E656E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="11737D558910C2A78D4CA25A2F409FB4">1177</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="45DA044125D12431BD3B865466A80901">3</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A17CC8B753EF9D8F9943AC72730E5E2C">21</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="12401D4631C676B3FFDB7BF4887F7317">
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<mods:url id="D0B09806F7AC0C3A5CE0908B497C9576">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="FCE366C7CF4FCC2B760C1D778CE0D35F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9198185CAE6E09F40335D33C8B84ED13" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E9D8AF961A41155C76BBFD2712C578F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1177-3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6D2F8AB18FBC3CC0D5AD29D3EE4B930A" type="ZooBank">E867FD681EF149FC8DE7ACC73F837CA8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B1463FB817705E54A83B93530C30D596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1463FB817705E54A83B93530C30D596" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1463FB817705E54A83B93530C30D596" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="3DC2B2B49CA3782C490278B009B84DD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="358BE2FBAB6177993E8A5BD3D90C6FC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="965635C84CF59B61B18986A85F1DE02E" LSID="B1463FB8-1770-5E54-A83B-93530C30D596" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Demarchus Jacoby, 1887</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B5AFD6D277C5D7B95B6E9F54940FF64" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="248E29CF21349CBA3B39A1D6426CCD77" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="A9159F53CE41558AA680E9C781B1B8B6" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Demarchus</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby, 1887: 101 (type species:
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<taxonomicName id="F35698291E7DD2168809C7C4EA26C5DD" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubipennis">Demarchus pubipennis</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby, 1887, by original designation);
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<bibRefCitation id="D9F6C96A6B7434A0330C172D207ECB88" author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" refId="B9" refString="Maulik, S, 1926. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae)." year="1926">Maulik 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 135 (redescription);
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<bibRefCitation id="F99E85597898E3375D226BEA3A270C88" author="Scherer, G" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 251" refId="B14" refString="Scherer, G, 1969. Die Alticinae Des Indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph 22: 1 - 251" title="Die Alticinae Des Indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae)." volume="22" year="1969">Scherer 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 196 (catalogue).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2117E395CF0233B8923C68CB50027CA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="included species">
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<paragraph id="8D228F5E4CE4849BF3AA1E83DA1D87DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD8ECDDC416FE1FC709CEC68BD3F6281" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4B04435FC9C604C078C80606A0157B69" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
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<emphasis id="6900AA14F503487A0DB8800501FB12CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus pubipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby, 1887,
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<taxonomicName id="1E50D5BE213D5BCC3F331D2EF478B6A9" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. javanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="javanus">
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<emphasis id="989274F6D220B92BE0DDEE5B1572A020" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. javanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bryant, 1941,
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<taxonomicName id="FEFE9C43EFD5B7CE5862EC52CA780AE8" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. nigriceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
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<emphasis id="EE5105AED2A1DB282E32B08A4141BF08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. nigriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Chen & Wang, 1988,
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<taxonomicName id="29BC56F46C8DB30F159DB59F27C6BE22" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. hsui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="hsui">
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<emphasis id="A6B785921FBB4AC5C526DF3BE5CB211F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. hsui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7156313188473BA9792B82D4BEE9AC10" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="89C26E1A255F1E4FC0083454D187EB0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6138876EC45FD2C8A2AB089A9C070421" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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Body elongate rounded, head visible from above. Head (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="E64FCDF34C7B9389DE55452D04A38ED9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A head B ventral view of prothorax C mesonotum D metanotum E metendosternite. Abbreviations: anc-antennal calli; ans-antennal socket; avp-anterior part of ventral projection; e-eye; fa-furcal arm; frr-frontal ridge; hyp-hypomera; ipp-intercoxal prosternal process; lbr-labrum; pmp-postmedial projection; pn-postnotum; pp-prealar projection; prc-procoxal cavity; psc-prescutum; s-stalk; scm-scutum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898432" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8A</figureCitation>
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) drawn into prothorax, hypognathous, broadly oval in frontal view; vertex large, covered with dense, coarse punctures and short setae; antennal calli rectangular, well separated from vertex by deep furrow, not separated from antennal sockets; antennal sockets large, distance between sockets smaller than diameter of socket, sockets separated by frontal ridge, not separated from eyes; frontal ridge triangular, anterior surface of frons convex, bearing short setae at the sides of frontal ridge; frontal area, including mouth region, not separated from genae; eyes small, convex, the longest diameter of eye smaller than the distance between eyes, not delineated by sulci from vertex and frons. Antenna (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="627292E59CF332B552F2A52958B6AF9F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Demarchus hsui sp. nov. adult A antenna, male B antenna, female C apex of aedeagus, front view D base of aedeagus, dorsal view E aedeagus, lateral view F abdominal ventrite VIII, female G spermatheca H gonocoxae I abdominal ventrite V, male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898426" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">2A, B</figureCitation>
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) 11-segmented, filiform, long, extending beyond middle of body; antennomere I shorter than two following antennomeres combined. Labrum with two pairs of setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6AFFD84FD46467F966AB0B256DADC24B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898432" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph id="83A62D15B6A954E7F71A72B3D05EB564" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="44EB76F90D6E594488B4052AA3C416BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Diagnostic features of adults of
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<taxonomicName id="3539CE2F7F9849E8D41C80F2C170C71D" authorityName="Lee & Chen" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus hsui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hsui">
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<emphasis id="B99C6E61296958E5E6A7242FB15944A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus hsui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis id="FD4ADD4C8A77E72E4F29C5AF87CD5521" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
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head
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<emphasis id="AA61D76DD390CE4152A28D32747496B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
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ventral view of prothorax
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<emphasis id="1802D3B315C8ABC8904D60A1C2193319" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
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mesonotum
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<emphasis id="60F6C59ED974B4D3320B8FBE43815554" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
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metanotum
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<emphasis id="EB721CC9613D2B664E440BF5D7AECD1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
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metendosternite. Abbreviations: anc-antennal calli; ans-antennal socket; avp-anterior part of ventral projection; e-eye; fa-furcal arm; frr-frontal ridge; hyp-hypomera; ipp-intercoxal prosternal process; lbr-labrum; pmp-postmedial projection; pn-postnotum; pp-prealar projection; prc-procoxal cavity; psc-prescutum; s-stalk; scm-scutum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="86F44860289C8FE27E01DC6856BCF665" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="0E90C624E370BB8AD0D66B981C499263" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="53C398157172728ACA4FE8C2E2C1649E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Prothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum distinctly wider than long, disc glabrous, with antebasal transverse impression, limited laterally by short longitudinal furrows; hypomera (hyp) (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="BF248C102356A62211EB4B84020274CA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A head B ventral view of prothorax C mesonotum D metanotum E metendosternite. Abbreviations: anc-antennal calli; ans-antennal socket; avp-anterior part of ventral projection; e-eye; fa-furcal arm; frr-frontal ridge; hyp-hypomera; ipp-intercoxal prosternal process; lbr-labrum; pmp-postmedial projection; pn-postnotum; pp-prealar projection; prc-procoxal cavity; psc-prescutum; s-stalk; scm-scutum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898432" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8B</figureCitation>
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) large, hypomeral sutures reduced; prosternum above procoxal cavities narrow, narrower than width of procoxal cavities, intercoxal prosternal process (ipp) narrow, its anterior edge straight; procoxal cavities (prc) closed, transversely elongate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A58D18FAC2CF51D8E3CE24592B3C6C7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="C999B53509E098CF1DB348FC6B03A5DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="E294729599278AAAF8C697D091E126FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Mesothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Mesonotum (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4B265BFD07FFC19A1E7281C922FFF37D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A head B ventral view of prothorax C mesonotum D metanotum E metendosternite. Abbreviations: anc-antennal calli; ans-antennal socket; avp-anterior part of ventral projection; e-eye; fa-furcal arm; frr-frontal ridge; hyp-hypomera; ipp-intercoxal prosternal process; lbr-labrum; pmp-postmedial projection; pn-postnotum; pp-prealar projection; prc-procoxal cavity; psc-prescutum; s-stalk; scm-scutum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898432" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8C</figureCitation>
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) of typical shape, lightly sclerotised, prealar projection (pp) well developed, elongate; postmedial projections (pmp) reduced; scutum (scm) widely rounded. Mesoventrite short, mesanepimera and mesaepisterna narrow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B6C895A5CB5DD74CB55C6848F97D485" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="8B461EBB1628BA0520D0D281D553F552" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="BAFA7398F39020E49AF67BB18CD178EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Metathorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Metanotum (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="698A6FA1D245A188DDCA6CCC14DC7BA9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A head B ventral view of prothorax C mesonotum D metanotum E metendosternite. Abbreviations: anc-antennal calli; ans-antennal socket; avp-anterior part of ventral projection; e-eye; fa-furcal arm; frr-frontal ridge; hyp-hypomera; ipp-intercoxal prosternal process; lbr-labrum; pmp-postmedial projection; pn-postnotum; pp-prealar projection; prc-procoxal cavity; psc-prescutum; s-stalk; scm-scutum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898432" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8D</figureCitation>
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) well sclerotised, well developed, and typical for alticines; prescutum (psc) and postnotum (pn) wide. Metaventrite as wide as first abdominal segment, metaventral process reduced, posterior edge of metaventrite medially with deep incision, metaepisterna of typical shape, narrow. Metendosternite (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="914EC2A74CBB2C6DB2136C1ACE27C99D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A head B ventral view of prothorax C mesonotum D metanotum E metendosternite. Abbreviations: anc-antennal calli; ans-antennal socket; avp-anterior part of ventral projection; e-eye; fa-furcal arm; frr-frontal ridge; hyp-hypomera; ipp-intercoxal prosternal process; lbr-labrum; pmp-postmedial projection; pn-postnotum; pp-prealar projection; prc-procoxal cavity; psc-prescutum; s-stalk; scm-scutum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898432" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8E</figureCitation>
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) with branches of anterior part of ventral process (avp) well developed, short; furcal arm (fa) narrow and well sclerotised; stalk (s) wide and short.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1CB9FD6A411C086E1730CEAF4A8AF11F" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="C651B9620923BBBBC4B3D538EA193EF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="404AEDD7F82B8C1053B963DF9F979FE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Elytra elongate oval</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Humeral callus well developed. Elytral punctures and pubescence dense and confused. Epipleuron (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="214648D9A7974BFF8D3382EB7D0A59AB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A elytron, ventral view B metafemora spring C base of elytra, lateral view D hind wing. Abbreviations: cu-cubital vein; dl-dorsal lobe; ea-extended arm; j-jugal vein; m-medial vein; r-radial vein; re-recurved part of epipleuron; rt-sector of radial vein; vl-ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898433" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) wide, horizontal, and recurved at apical 1/3, and then vertical, almost reaching elytral apex. Elytral binding patch covered with numerous teeth that are rounded in shape, ventral surface of elytra glabrous.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="D21AEC56D8B3342D541BE4B0106C6D6F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898433" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph id="6D2BE2E7B4FA458307A95A1138840B9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="DAE403D5A6DA6B9A7711715555BDD0EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Diagnostic features of adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C60482DCF01CC957DE9DD16E2EF6BBAD" authorityName="Lee & Chen" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus hsui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hsui">
|
|
<emphasis id="6996BD93DFB7790F50041B5A6A2781A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus hsui</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis id="248D73EC61A3F54D3774A753543EF2D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
|
|
elytron, ventral view
|
|
<emphasis id="13F52F08C49A19F9EEB3BCF3EFB2E83D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
|
|
metafemora spring
|
|
<emphasis id="7ACE22CB01772AF3AAA9BBB4FFF511A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
|
|
base of elytra, lateral view
|
|
<emphasis id="F1BDB22E0AD0A312FAFED8DD6B1C0635" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
|
|
hind wing. Abbreviations: cu-cubital vein; dl-dorsal lobe; ea-extended arm; j-jugal vein; m-medial vein; r-radial vein; re-recurved part of epipleuron; rt-sector of radial vein; vl-ventral lobe.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="155E554BAD7015565A8F1A34F0ECA10B" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="C510C45074F8DBD256963C6A6BF63CC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="F894F489166B02499B40583FFF2A82E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Hind wings</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Wing venation (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="0CEA49D9E98AF42E31923BCF1D62EEC0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A elytron, ventral view B metafemora spring C base of elytra, lateral view D hind wing. Abbreviations: cu-cubital vein; dl-dorsal lobe; ea-extended arm; j-jugal vein; m-medial vein; r-radial vein; re-recurved part of epipleuron; rt-sector of radial vein; vl-ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898433" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9C</figureCitation>
|
|
) typical for alticines (Konstantinov and Vanderberg 1996), with completely developed wings and no tendency to reduction. Typical set of veins is present; radius (r), sector of radial vein (rt), medial veins 1 (m1) and 2 (m2), cubital vein 1b (cu1b), and precubital vein (pcu). In addition, first jugal vein (j1) is also visible.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="59F997306D2307D3FFEFE9C8BFBB9A02" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="BBE788D56DCE9B0CCBA8746C2EB6E6C2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|
. Ventrites short, wide, without projections or convexities, ventrite I shorter than metasternum; sexual dimorphism present in the shape of ventrite V (apical margin with median notch in males but absent in females); pygidium without medial longitudinal groove; tergite VIII well-developed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B0015413B744DF6DF704C14A15C647BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E8C20D081ED5A2384170342A26A57B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
|
(Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="E42FA0AC5EB8F56AB31E112410786210" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Demarchus hsui sp. nov. adult A antenna, male B antenna, female C apex of aedeagus, front view D base of aedeagus, dorsal view E aedeagus, lateral view F abdominal ventrite VIII, female G spermatheca H gonocoxae I abdominal ventrite V, male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898426" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">2C-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="010F3762AA478BDFCADC5709728355C4" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, adult A aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, lateral view C abdominal ventrite VIII, female D spermatheca E abdominal ventrite V, male F gonocoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898434" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) consisting of median lobe of aedeagus, and Y-shaped tegmen. Aedeagus lacking endophallic spiculae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="911B91A162B1705727E34EA12CB3CB92" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898434" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
|
<paragraph id="3A288913338C1AF03DB72EEB70A92E95" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="BE3139A9B5BC8419DDEA8761880730D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E01F308FFC7F9611885729EE4C5F609" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
|
|
<emphasis id="9E3EF515E9F8DD2AC00D8CF17A220CA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus pubipennis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Jacoby, adult
|
|
<emphasis id="8A7242D39E06A468592D75C533442C6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
|
|
aedeagus, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="BCE25414E2C2C32D085CD830F00F0D70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
|
|
aedeagus, lateral view
|
|
<emphasis id="02B7F89383EF61A467A944D1DD51242A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal ventrite VIII, female
|
|
<emphasis id="C491B8AABF9F973A4C73BA6BC4C2CD56" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
|
|
spermatheca
|
|
<emphasis id="6EE1D52EDA90EA0C09B5C8D3A96C0746" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal ventrite V, male
|
|
<emphasis id="C53D98993F77DF4832E132A868379B7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">F</emphasis>
|
|
gonocoxae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="58EC7EEF0F7ED82C7FC93E3EDE956BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="F7C54C658F8BCED99E5CFD02D39209D5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
|
consisting of ventrite VIII, gonocoxae, and spermatheca. Ventrite VIII (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="C45A6100EA4F667E172C5220B012E947" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Demarchus hsui sp. nov. adult A antenna, male B antenna, female C apex of aedeagus, front view D base of aedeagus, dorsal view E aedeagus, lateral view F abdominal ventrite VIII, female G spermatheca H gonocoxae I abdominal ventrite V, male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898426" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="5634ACEDC60A733051629197EA01E75C" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, adult A aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, lateral view C abdominal ventrite VIII, female D spermatheca E abdominal ventrite V, male F gonocoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898434" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10C</figureCitation>
|
|
) T-shaped, base well-sclerotised, speculum short, slightly longer than wide, its apical margin with dense setae. Spermathecal receptacle (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="6A656713646677DC9A93D4C1384FED1C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Demarchus hsui sp. nov. adult A antenna, male B antenna, female C apex of aedeagus, front view D base of aedeagus, dorsal view E aedeagus, lateral view F abdominal ventrite VIII, female G spermatheca H gonocoxae I abdominal ventrite V, male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898426" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">2G</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="E17BAAFD6FD29155BD9252DD6AF95548" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, adult A aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, lateral view C abdominal ventrite VIII, female D spermatheca E abdominal ventrite V, male F gonocoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898434" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10D</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly swollen, sclerotised spermathecal duct very short, pump long, and strongly curved. Gonocoxae (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="AB3A6E8F2A8BF999463C2BBC25A83888" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Demarchus hsui sp. nov. adult A antenna, male B antenna, female C apex of aedeagus, front view D base of aedeagus, dorsal view E aedeagus, lateral view F abdominal ventrite VIII, female G spermatheca H gonocoxae I abdominal ventrite V, male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898426" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">2H</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="8765073A0D584FCC0149CA8C228E813E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, adult A aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, lateral view C abdominal ventrite VIII, female D spermatheca E abdominal ventrite V, male F gonocoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898434" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10F</figureCitation>
|
|
) short and wide, basally joined, with dense setae at apical areas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D4ADC78555756C280CCA71991EEEA75D" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="F6159F4CF2800F8CED3BEC84C6E47C03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="C86AE138B8AD5081E073E2985D39E2DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Anterior and middle legs of typical shape, without modifications; tibiae without apical spurs, furrows, grooves, ridges, or excavations. Posterior femora slightly swollen; posterior tibiae comparatively short, not longer than length of femora; metafemoral spring simplified (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="7A9F5048569541EBD4DA072BEB3B5592" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Diagnostic features of adults of Demarchus hsui sp. nov. A elytron, ventral view B metafemora spring C base of elytra, lateral view D hind wing. Abbreviations: cu-cubital vein; dl-dorsal lobe; ea-extended arm; j-jugal vein; m-medial vein; r-radial vein; re-recurved part of epipleuron; rt-sector of radial vein; vl-ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898433" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9C</figureCitation>
|
|
), lightly sclerotised, dorsal edge of dorsal lobe (dl) flat, extended arm (ea) of dorsal lobe relative long, ventral lobe (vl) cylindrical, apically rounded, without lower part curving dorsally, and no basal angle, ventral edge of ventral lobe recurved; posterior tarsus attached to tibia apically; tarsus slightly longer than half of tibia; metatarsomere I shorter than three following tarsomeres combined, ventrally with short, dense setae. Tarsomeres III bilobed; tarsal claws bifid.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DD3360815155F1B200B4724E7BFD93B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="E5FD260D34EA880D126BC0264574F006" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B6E1C66A39E7025E581531BBA947420D" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
One character misjudged by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF6A5F67DCF8BEAA09B9EE13A653A12D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1887.tb02944.x" author="Jacoby, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="65 - 118" refId="B5" refString="Jacoby, M, 1887. Descriptions of the phytophagous Coleoptera of Ceylon, obtained by Mr. George Lewis during the years 1881-1882. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (1): 65 - 118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1887.tb02944.x" title="Descriptions of the phytophagous Coleoptera of Ceylon, obtained by Mr. George Lewis during the years 1881 - 1882." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1887.tb02944.x" volume="1887" year="1887">Jacoby (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7245401747E4CF1E1701AEE7AB37B4DE" author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" refId="B9" refString="Maulik, S, 1926. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae)." year="1926">Maulik (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
is the closed procoxal cavities. Since the posterior margins of the procoxal cavities are so slender, both authors regarded it as the open. In fact, the posterior margins of the procoxal cavities are not reduced in the type specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C1D778E9B87E06BDF8B9B7096FA6E144" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. hsui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="hsui">
|
|
<emphasis id="1107FFF6F6E2D743765A984BB96A93B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. hsui</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. and the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3DA25198993B6FADB3CC9F36CB80775C" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
|
|
<emphasis id="FFF8B1108EA6D93CE37E0335C8215CBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. pubipennis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F91B224EE00F628BA9C23B96E95EB90E" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F5BAD39FD62A6FA9A2BA712DEFCEA618" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="558E29538DD1DCE5B20432B7FC5F2A19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is easily recognised by the following combination of characters: pubescent elytra, glabrous pronotum, closed procoxal cavities, and unique shape of elytral epipleura, typical form of the Pyrrhalta-like Morpho-Group which, was defined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E9E0741E30B6522C47BF523B14179CD8" author="Furth, DG" editor="Biondi, M" journalOrPublisher="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="91 - 124" refId="B4" refString="Furth, DG, Suzuki, K, 1998. Studies of Oriental and Australian Alticinae genera based on the comparative morphology of the metafemoral spring, genitalia, and hind wing venation. In: Biondi, M, Daccordi, M, Furth, GD, Eds., Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Proceedings of a Symposium (30 August 1996, Florence, Italy) XX Internal Congress of Entomology. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: 91 - 124" title="Studies of Oriental and Australian Alticinae genera based on the comparative morphology of the metafemoral spring, genitalia, and hind wing venation." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Proceedings of a Symposium (30 August 1996, Florence, Italy) XX Internal Congress of Entomology." year="1998">Furth and Suzuki (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
based on the metafemoral spring.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CEB72BB9044627E529DEC3B6223D9A72" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="F3BD24BAD3DDC53DC0E50F723CD44F75" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9F7382690583085DEE9CCA17D51BAB60" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
|
|
Immature stages and biology for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3FE57B05935FC916FB177CFEC68639CB" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
|
|
<emphasis id="256F81FA59223C6538F818C6983FB99A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus pubipennis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, reported by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="784996FAD2EF2EAA69154D57A58A5E1C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377512" author="Mushtaque, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomophaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="73 - 81" refId="B10" refString="Mushtaque, M, Baloch, GM, 1979. Possibilities of biological control of mistletoes, Loranthus spp., using oligophagous insects from Pakistan. Entomophaga 24 (1): 73 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377512" title="Possibilities of biological control of mistletoes, Loranthus spp., using oligophagous insects from Pakistan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377512" volume="24" year="1979">Mushtaque and Baloch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, occur on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E6424DDE40C75F08F2491F6B229683D" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" family="Loranthaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and larvae are leaf miners. Assertions by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7EC02BB40EEFAE7894774BBB60BEFD46" author="Odak, SC" journalOrPublisher="Entomophaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" refId="B11" refString="Odak, SC, Dhamdhere, SV, Deshpande, BV, 1969. New record of Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, feeding on Cajanus cajan L. Indian Journal of Entomology 30: 323." title="New record of Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, feeding on Cajanus cajan L. Indian Journal of Entomology 30: 323." year="1969">Odak et al. (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
are not supported because the host plant,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FFDEE82097CD78177EB14F8B909DDBD5" class="Equisetopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cajanus cajan" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">
|
|
<emphasis id="10DFD36823FA0C7ACC198746FF417F71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Cajanus cajan</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L., belongs to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BD2AC34F268805459B9F64D05D026AFC" class="Equisetopsida" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Larvae and adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4A98609DBDA025E658D9A184BE3E170" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D99856B7265A84D7B6F5997F36410CA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. pubipennis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
did not feed on this plant when tested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F43A19B36DD57E5414B2DD0A27434EB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377512" author="Mushtaque, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomophaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="73 - 81" refId="B10" refString="Mushtaque, M, Baloch, GM, 1979. Possibilities of biological control of mistletoes, Loranthus spp., using oligophagous insects from Pakistan. Entomophaga 24 (1): 73 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377512" title="Possibilities of biological control of mistletoes, Loranthus spp., using oligophagous insects from Pakistan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02377512" volume="24" year="1979">Mushtaque and Baloch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Moreover,
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<bibRefCitation id="0E18ADAA527788AC67F72D7F63836369" author="Odak, SC" journalOrPublisher="Entomophaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" refId="B11" refString="Odak, SC, Dhamdhere, SV, Deshpande, BV, 1969. New record of Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, feeding on Cajanus cajan L. Indian Journal of Entomology 30: 323." title="New record of Demarchus pubipennis Jacoby, feeding on Cajanus cajan L. Indian Journal of Entomology 30: 323." year="1969">Odak et al. (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated that the larvae were root feeders, which is incorrect since they possess morphological characters that are typical of leaf miners, and this lifestyle has been confirmed through field and laboratory observations. The current study confirms that adults of
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<taxonomicName id="6740B81A77E36F574C04FC2CA1766FC9" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. hsui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="hsui">
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<emphasis id="6B1BE6EF0B5EF390B4EF7F5FC89E5AD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. hsui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. feed on leaves of another species of
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<taxonomicName id="F6D046AEE7BE4692FAEE44A3E8913379" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BEE7B79E39712F942D740E241F4563DA" authorityName="S.T.Chiu" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Hayata" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Taxillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taxillus rhododendricolus" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rhododendricolus">
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<emphasis id="AB54D77463D66A4FFE2623BADC9D7FF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Taxillus rhododendricolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and their larvae are also leaf miners.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="38D171A81C134290130CDAB2EF2AFF0A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.97854.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898435" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph id="97C144B291CE93901DE5BF26B13B9A48" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="1712E18B55773D4E6903A3D6E71DD6B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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Diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName id="19896E0FDE6DD685780BB4D71F924086" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Demarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Demarchus pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
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<emphasis id="ABB577D501D432F2A846B7CF286FC1EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Demarchus pubipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby, non-type male from Sri Lanka;
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<taxonomicName id="4E81B53F357C4B2E49404DCB6592FB8F" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. javanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="javanus">
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<emphasis id="2A896A143E5D8F7D8C03D14B752CA97F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. javanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bryant, non-type adult from Java;
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<taxonomicName id="2F6C22DE10C81E78C257407B0DD2A681" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. nigriceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
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<emphasis id="57287DD40256B700B70A8D939A8F1E04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. nigriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Chen & Wang, holotype. Dorsal view:
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<emphasis id="66E2A807BE0936BEFA4C9EF384AA8EBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6C6C67F9FD09D403CD227FF4AB7E680D" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
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<emphasis id="10144D8406D00CA13007B7127ED4ED3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. pubipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="346331D5F668B49B87A7569CF75633D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DD4B8254CE700C3896709D795C9F5C01" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. javanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="javanus">
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<emphasis id="9DFADA56C171740ACDDE233CEE5E53FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. javanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FD83D39F781614AE8F0FF833CA5C9C65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B0296944A7A6AF6485209715043C7450" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. nigriceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
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<emphasis id="AF5D329CA1CD72D9976C2C7D0ECB0F97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. nigriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; lateral view:
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<emphasis id="A8EC58C417133B41C3C3726CE3F94DB8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="777F27895126186B17FF83B74A9435C5" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
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<emphasis id="39E0A1CF2EB3D4DC8F1FC4BD25288D08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. pubipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="058EDD8905F1A42C210E26B505E5AD72" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="45C8A86E92371559FC4D98961A265445" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. javanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="javanus">
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<emphasis id="0EBD0C83D29A717F2E7F06FC8EF6690E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. javanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
<emphasis id="6FB805A3CB48A402B64E61810BF1B971" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C93C19FEF015922E8912DCEEDD013238" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. nigriceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
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<emphasis id="211FDD895AED2FC97FB957500E959E7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. nigriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
; head and pronotum:
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<emphasis id="243910F6E67AD001A7B17670D8DF92DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">G</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="E725616ADA18E809460571DACD4A66E6" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. pubipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="pubipennis">
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<emphasis id="25AC6E28FEEE5DC65FB26FB2A7D08D7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. pubipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
<emphasis id="F9E2F573F172A6CB0F1EEBDDB7555BE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">H</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="479E5719BD0D5D3BE9E0D05E1348E5EE" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. javanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="javanus">
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<emphasis id="3BD443910E07FAA3D045EC840888F493" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. javanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
<emphasis id="E2E83539F8363E1265F3759D53D1F608" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">I</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="BBD69FFBB31A1CFE097243E01A6B802E" class="Insecta" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. nigriceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="E2B3D40378A844FFA7A387BA80D68A87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D. nigriceps</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C910A06D72768BBA25883AFA1BF8E4FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="949FC63C4223B917570E360DDD05266E" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A22021888CBCFB985C133A67E193CAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, China (Xizang), Indonesia (Java), Taiwan.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |