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<mods:title id="62D5716AA5D07064BE174153EDA6561A">First genetic data for species of the genus Haploniscus Richardson, 1908 (Isopoda: Asellota: Haploniscidae) from neighbouring deep-sea basins in the South Atlantic</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B01F87C4FFE5A23CFCF5F90A3F3F0C9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6185447" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119399119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6185447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B01F87C4FFE5A23CFCF5F90A3F3F0C9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B01F87C4FFE5A23CFCF5F90A3F3F0C9F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph id="380936D2FFE5A23DFCF5F90A3E6308D3" blockId="2.[151,620,1745,1772]" box="[151,620,1745,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
<heading id="634181BEFFE5A23DFCF5F90A3E6308D3" bold="true" box="[151,620,1745,1772]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FFB64D51FFE5A23DFCF5F90A3E6308D3" ID-CoL="6LCRN" authority="Menzies, 1962" authorityName="Menzies" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,620,1745,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haploniscidae" genus="Haploniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE5A23DFCF5F90A3E6308D3" bold="true" box="[151,620,1745,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE5A23DFCF5F90A3DAE08D4" bold="true" box="[151,417,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Haploniscus rostratus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE5A23DFDD2F9093E6C08D3" author="Menzies" box="[432,611,1745,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refString="Menzies, R. J. (1962) The isopods of abyssal depths in the Atlantic Ocean. Vema Research Series, 1, 79 - 206." type="journal article" year="1962">Menzies, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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The known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="FFB64D51FFE5A23DFDA8F8C23E5E0909" box="[458,593,1818,1841]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haploniscidae" genus="Haploniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE5A23DFDA8F8C23E5E0909" box="[458,593,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">H. rostratus</emphasis>
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is restricted to abyssal depths of
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, geographically extending from the southern part of the Cape Basin over the
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Basin to the
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Basin. The
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locality of the species is in the Cape Basin. Using a morphological approach,
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE5A23DFF20F8B838190940" author="Brokeland" box="[834,1046,1888,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refString="Brokeland, W. (2010 a) Redescription of Haploniscus rostratus (Menzies, 1962) (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) with observations on the postmarsupial development, size ranges and distribution. Zootaxa, 2521, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">Brökeland (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
studied specimens of
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<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE5A23DF976F8BA39930941" box="[1300,1436,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">H. rostratus</emphasis>
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collected north and south of the Walvis Ridge. The role of the ridge as a potential barrier to gene flow and hence allopatric divergence or speciation has been discussed (
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE5A23DFF73F8703FE609F8" author="Brandt" box="[785,1001,1960,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refString="Brandt, A., Brenke, N., Andres, H., Brix, S., Guerrero-Kommritz, J., Muhlenhardt-Siegel, U. &amp; Wagele, J. (2005) Diversity of peracarid crustaceans (Malacostraca) from the abyssal plain of the Angola basin. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 5 (Supplement 1), 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="2005">
Brandt
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE5A23DFF0BF8723FAC09F9" box="[873,931,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). For
<taxonomicName id="FFB64D51FFE5A23DF84CF872399309F8" authority="Brokeland" authorityName="Brokeland" authorityYear="2010" box="[1070,1436,1960,1985]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haploniscidae" genus="Haploniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE5A23DF84CF87238B809F9" box="[1070,1207,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">H. rostratus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE5A23DF8A5F870399309F8" author="Brokeland" box="[1223,1436,1960,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" refString="Brokeland, W. (2010 a) Redescription of Haploniscus rostratus (Menzies, 1962) (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) with observations on the postmarsupial development, size ranges and distribution. Zootaxa, 2521, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">Brökeland (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
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found no significant morphological differences across the Walvis Ridge and consequently stated that populations on either side do not represent allopatric sibling species but rather are members of a single species distributed across the ridge. However, since distinct species may be morphologically very similar or even indistinguishable (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE4A23CFCB3FF073DC90ECF" author="Held" box="[209,454,223,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" refString="Held, C. &amp; Wagele, J. (2005) Cryptic speciation in the giant Antarctic isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus (Isopoda, Valvifera, Chaetiliidae). Scientia Marina, 69 (S 2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2005">Held &amp; Wägele 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE4A23CFDB0FF073EFC0ECF" author="Raupach" box="[466,755,223,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" refString="Raupach, M. J. &amp; Wagele, J. (2006) Distinguishing cryptic species in Antarctic Asellota (Crustacea: Isopoda) - a preliminary study of mitochondrial DNA in Acanthaspidia drygalskii. Antarctic Science, 18 (02), 191 - 198." type="journal article" year="2006">Raupach &amp; Wägele 2006</bibRefCitation>
), genetic data provide important independent information to test species hypotheses. The data of the 658 bp CO1 alignment from this study adds genetic support in favor of
<bibRefCitation id="5C274B23FFE4A23CFCF5FEFF3D720F07" box="[151,381,295,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" refString="Brokeland, W. (2010 a) Redescription of Haploniscus rostratus (Menzies, 1962) (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) with observations on the postmarsupial development, size ranges and distribution. Zootaxa, 2521, 1 - 25." type="journal article">Brökeland´s (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
conclusion of gene flow across the Walvis Ridge. Our data resolve a single, well-supported
<taxonomicName id="FFB64D51FFE4A23CF9E3FEF13CF40F5C" class="Malacostraca" family="Haploniscidae" genus="Haploniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE4A23CF9E3FEF13CF40F5C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">H. rostratus</emphasis>
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group (posterior probability 0.95, ML Bootstrap 98) including both, the specimen from the
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Basin (DIVA2-HA469, station 45) as well as those from the Cape Basin (16 sequences from stations 40 and 41). Interestingly, the single specimen available for analysis from the
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Basin (DIVA2-HA497, station 89), which is far more to the north, forms the sister group to the Cape and
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Basin group and is genetically distinct (about 7% uncorrected
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE4A23CFD41FE053D3E0FCC" box="[291,305,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">p</emphasis>
-distance;
<figureCitation id="A08D2A57FFE4A23CFDC4FE043DE80FCC" box="[422,487,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1746,1769]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,743,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,730,1729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. CO 1 Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the 658 bp alignment. Branch support shows the ML / MP bootstrap values / posterior probabilities, respectively. (CB) = Cape Basin, (AB) = Angola Basin, (GB) = Guinea basin, (ARB) = ArgentinianBasin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). This specimen was clearly identified as
<taxonomicName id="FFB64D51FFE4A23CFFA5FE0538410FCC" box="[967,1102,477,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haploniscidae" genus="Haploniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="0AC2EAC0FFE4A23CFFA5FE0538410FCC" box="[967,1102,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">H. rostratus</emphasis>
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by Brökeland (pers. comm.), indicating possible barriers to gene flow among the southern basins and the northern
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Basin or even the presence of yet overlooked species. We conclude that although our dataset is rather small, it supports Brökelands (2010a) hypothesis of recent or ongoing gene flow across the Walvis Ridge as specimens from the
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Basin and the Cape Basin share a single CO1 haplotype. In addition, our data support the possible existence of cryptic or yet overlooked species occurring in the deep
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Basin.
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