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<mods:title id="3CAD38CEFF35E825C721B88DF901DDC6">An account of the taxonomy and distribution of Syllidae (Annelida, Polychaetes) in the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on the genus Prosphaerosyllis San Martin, 1984 in the Mediterranean</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B0187774B05DC6DE538518A38DBFE7D9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B0187774B05DC6DE538518A38DBFE7D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0187774B05DC6DE538518A38DBFE7D9" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" scope_family="Syllidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Eusyllinae">
<subSubSection id="7764F7F85A080C8F6411B45645117E09" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="27C25FEA5254199AC5940FC28EED53CF" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="ABDE3FAB0636507BDDF1AA1ED8178D81" ID-CoL="6V5JN" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Perkinsyllis_augeneri" authority="Hartmann-Schroeder, 1979" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1979" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Perkinsyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perkinsyllis augeneri" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="augeneri">
Perkinsyllis augeneri (
<normalizedToken id="711B1C80F282FEB99BD1AD45C5CD3579" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3ABBCD924D9643A0582A20DD10373256" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F327BAB4B6A52E615AF87304C9F38198" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="274B8F9114E92FE0FB080D5F1F6E6666" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Pionosyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pionosyllis augeneri" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="augeneri">Pionosyllis augeneri</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="441DD4C266BA8F28437CC08BF0A5312C" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
, 1979: 98, figs 119-125; 1980a: 52; 1981: 32, fig. 52 (Non
<bibRefCitation id="F45692596DDEEF3B772E4BBD5E6A7B5E" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="18" pageNumber="299" pagination="17 - 71" title="Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkueste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Grosses Barrier Riff)." volume="88" year="1991">
<normalizedToken id="6419C528A84D7CEFCD4F5BDDBB529054" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
: 35);
<bibRefCitation id="83305306F5B8FE9B709EF0400B62A9D2" author="San Martin, G" journalOrPublisher="Boletin Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia" pageId="19" pageNumber="300" title="Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257 - 370. http: // publications. australianmuseum. net. au / pdf / 1466 _ complete. pdf" url="10.3853/j.0067-1975.58.2006.1466" year="2006">
San
<normalizedToken id="116650112F86D51068AF643DD2B8FD89" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
and Hutchings 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 326. figs 57
<normalizedToken id="908AB5A37F784AADBC80B346D1EA3451" originalValue="aj">a-j</normalizedToken>
, 58
<normalizedToken id="8C12CA586C6451429F1C0D06DA42D9BD" originalValue="af">a-f</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3A836140E0E497CC07700FB0632EF97" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="8D97584C95C7D93EFDBC8D2D727D71A0" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Perkinsyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perkinsyllis augeneri" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="augeneri">Perkinsyllis augeneri</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="8CF3389C3F302D14B8C36701B8B9B87A" author="San Martin, G" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="19" pageNumber="300" title="Revision of the genus Pionosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89: 1455" url="10.1017/S0025315409003099" year="2009">
San
<normalizedToken id="F5F6FDE2A6D1180E05C6F76C6D52FC88" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
et al. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 26.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DD7D511E14BA23EB11C1EEF3501338E" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="7D8627D4F953A9A48AE1CDA768896043" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F556314CD170C7B4C88B799BC2D531EC" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Haifa Bay, Israel: ALA-IL-7 (7 ind.) [coll. 11.10.2009].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E499FC4601A29BA30E2925125796978D" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="CE76493A3FE46AF8F317D1D6164B3C77" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0B5CD9FB474EE71E72507715887E0AE" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Boone, west Australia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2880345647645D39F032A907DBF1E632" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AA1C4C289C4EF373453D27B57CFDF00E" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D08D1155B14371190BE55E954751B043" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Australia, New Zealand. Mediterranean Sea: LB. New record for the Mediterranean Sea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A367F3F55F24E2EBD62A54AB0E14184" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="276D571EEFF7A146F7F1E62214C3A9C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FFA48D24169F55FC1B4C4D3C2AE62AE" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
Intertidal and shallow subtidal depths, in coarse coralline sand, in muddy sand and seagrass beds (
<bibRefCitation id="24972AC4269C8C13820022C2383604B5" author="San Martin, G" journalOrPublisher="Boletin Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia" pageId="19" pageNumber="300" title="Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257 - 370. http: // publications. australianmuseum. net. au / pdf / 1466 _ complete. pdf" url="10.3853/j.0067-1975.58.2006.1466" year="2006">
San
<normalizedToken id="4CA65C657E5FD31A3C8BDAF13639CA2C" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
and Hutchings 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="71572DDA800DC917362E8DE458B8724A" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="taxonomic characters">
<paragraph id="160D3A82BD89C415A6CB6736B8F71FAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Taxonomic characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="899EE3D2BF8D3DD4A251CDBC53755495" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Prostomium pentagonal with 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, posterior pair closer together than anterior one. Palps longer than prostomium, basally fused. Antennae cylindrical, smooth, longer than prostomium and palps. Tentacular cirri similar to antennae but slightly longer. Dorsal cirri of some anterior segments slender, longer than body width, some shorter, in midbody alternating short and long cirri, posteriorly all shorter than body width. Parapodia with 9-10 falcigers per fascicle anteriorly, 6-7 posteriorly. Shafts smooth or slightly serrated. Blades with marked dorso-ventral gradation (dorsal ones 3 times longer than ventral ones), coarsely serrated, with small subdistal tooth. After proventriculum, dorsal blades unidentate, elongated, spiniger-like, twice as long as anteriorly, ventral blades stout, with strong serration, especially basally. Dorsal simple chaeta first appearing on midbody, blunt, subdistally serrated. Ventral simple chaetae posteriorly, bidentate, equally sized teeth forming a right angle, some long spines subdistally. Paired aciculae anteriorly, single ones posteriorly, with rounded, slightly enlarged tip. Pharynx through 4 chaetigers, pharyngeal tooth located anteriorly. Proventricle through 5 chaetigers with ca. 20-22 muscle cell rows.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9D4B9DB503D075B982459B263A7B84D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="24EE233452039C9A7FCFFEFC1CCF1C9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="692D39D15DCCE1E29CC6855EB22C5DBF" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
The subfamilial affiliation of
<taxonomicName id="C89C3EF212F0580F2630966564622AA5" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Perkinsyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perkinsyllis augeneri" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="augeneri">Perkinsyllis augeneri</taxonomicName>
has not yet been fully resolved. In recent molecular phylogenies the species groups either within
<taxonomicName id="2CDB2C6380AE2D7F1533BB03CA31DC35" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Exogoninae">Exogoninae</taxonomicName>
or as a sister group, and forms a sister clade of
<taxonomicName id="389E00EE9952F694D380348FC8D37F75" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eusyllinae">Eusyllinae</taxonomicName>
in all analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="53B3BA043B000629282BB3CF713B1815" author="Aguado, MT" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="297" pagination="1128 - 1138" title="Conflicting signal within a single gene confounds syllid phylogeny (Syllidae, Annelida)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.012" volume="55" year="2010">Aguado and Bleidorn 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F9F54B7936A7115F51FB3CA6EE0DC4BC" author="Aguado, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="16" pageNumber="297" pagination="552 - 564" title="Phylogeny of Syllidae (Polychaeta) based on combined molecular analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes." url="10.1111/1096-0031.2007.00163.x" volume="23" year="2007">Aguado et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F23442584A369BBB942E834D1747E232" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
The morphological characters of the Mediterranean individuals agree well with the description of
<bibRefCitation id="5216FFC742F9E896BAB0502280988A62" author="San Martin, G" journalOrPublisher="Boletin Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia" pageId="19" pageNumber="300" title="Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257 - 370. http: // publications. australianmuseum. net. au / pdf / 1466 _ complete. pdf" url="10.3853/j.0067-1975.58.2006.1466" year="2006">
San
<normalizedToken id="54C661E6850AD73CF1A26E7208D3C7CA" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
and Hutchings (2006)
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from Australia. Therefore, a detailed description of the specimens is unnecessary here. The Mediterranean specimens show slight differences from the description of the Australian ones in the length of the pharynx (6-7 chaetigers in Australian specimens vs 5 in Mediterranean ones), and the number of falcigers per bundle in anterior chaetigers (ca. 15 in Australian specimens vs ca. 10 in Mediterranean ones). These differences might however be attributed to fixation and / or individual variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73E4B903BD336EEA5AC8B71017730C26" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
Until now, the species had been known only from north-west Australia and New Zealand, while the record from the Carribean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="4355A96D35E70C66D5332F81A5D638ED" author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de dierkunde" pageId="18" pageNumber="299" pagination="387 - 401" title="Die Polychaeten der Amsterdam-Expeditionen nach Westindien." volume="50" year="1980 a">
<normalizedToken id="C9CFF953C087EA93B14546A5CFEFD6A1" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
1980a
</bibRefCitation>
) is assumed to be a different species (
<bibRefCitation id="863F23AA63D774E35EBBD9EECEBFA532" author="San Martin, G" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="19" pageNumber="300" title="Revision of the genus Pionosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89: 1455" url="10.1017/S0025315409003099" year="2009">
San
<normalizedToken id="C119A5CE01F93DFBCA85A2EE109C01F5" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
et al. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). The present findings thus extend the distribution range of the species to the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Since there are no intermediate records of the species from the Indian Ocean or Red Sea, this disjunct distribution suggests a potential human-induced introduction of the species to the Mediterranean Sea by vectors such as ballast water or fouling fauna on the hulls of ships. However, since the polychaete fauna of the Indian Ocean, Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean Sea is understudied, the species might have a truly circumtropical distribution. This is the second record of an Australian syllid species for the Mediterranean Sea (after
<taxonomicName id="064E6EDA0CB39B21943F8000595938CE" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Prosphaerosyllis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosphaerosyllis longipapillata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longipapillata">Prosphaerosyllis longipapillata</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="368DD56BCED0E5DC053478A86B010FB4" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
, 1979), recorded for the first time in 2003 in Cyprus (
<bibRefCitation id="C09D9CE4CB840FE25F2B1C3DDFDCAC14" author="Cinar, ME" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="17" pageNumber="298" pagination="741 - 767" title="Autolytinae and Exogoninae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from northern Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean sea) with a checklist of species reported from the Levant sea." url="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2003/00000072/00000003/art00009" volume="72" year="2003">
<normalizedToken id="8A3824652BCE1AB440C2753BED32D998" originalValue="Çinar">Cinar</normalizedToken>
et al. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>