207 lines
20 KiB
XML
207 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="D5617BF59683609EE07A0851895478EE" ID-CLB-Dataset="39303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3d9451b-2e0c-40e6-bafb-2d8a958fd8de" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="233231" ID-ZooBank="7AC91C1D-5EAB-40A6-B177-3A154AF2F9EA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461354776227" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jacobs, Carmen T., Scholtz, Clarke H. & Strümpher, Werner P." docDate="2015" docId="B01287C7FFB18810FF283E72CFA9E0A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04057p142.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4057 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Colophon switalae Jacobs & Scholtz, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="4C2BFFBFFFB38813FFBF397ACD4FE223" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Colophon Gray (Coleoptera: Lucanidae): new species and a status change" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1698661467203" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="83CF0034EB1E9FC55951340CE17C7D23">
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<mods:title id="22464C66CDE5FB71CF6E30D249EA221E">Taxonomy of Colophon Gray (Coleoptera: Lucanidae): new species and a status change</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BA5912D9774E080E63D655FB517BB554" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="86F452BAFE6060A13CE0FD7C38C8BCDA">Jacobs, Carmen T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97C9B110D38FCE6E86DF46D238F2E7EC">Scholtz, Clarke H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55A41AF488646FB289AA5ADC1E952E2C">Strümpher, Werner P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5F088CDD096CF24F95E3137BFC6B5FB4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AC8FA87EE38428AE43BE5D6B8AD4F681">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F7CF4B8CBD8B1A6008DF29E97E17E630">4057</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B01287C7FFB18810FF283E72CFA9E0A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093233" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119647054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093233" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B01287C7FFB18810FF283E72CFA9E0A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B01287C7FFB18810FF283E72CFA9E0A6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB18811FF283E72CC3AE560" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="380436D1FFB18811FF283E72CFBCE501" blockId="2.[151,755,1800,1859]" box="[151,755,1800,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="634C81BDFFB18811FF283E72CFBCE501" bold="true" box="[151,755,1800,1826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB18811FF283E72CFBCE501" bold="true" box="[151,755,1800,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="FFBB4D52FFB18811FF283E72CF19E501" ID-CoL="X848" authority="Jacobs & Scholtz" authorityName="Jacobs & Scholtz" box="[151,598,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Colophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="switalae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB18811FF283E72CC39E501" bold="true" box="[151,374,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Colophon switalae</emphasis>
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Jacobs & Scholtz
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="11FC57B8FFB18811FDDC3E72CFBCE501" box="[611,755,1800,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="380436D1FFB18811FF283E50CC3AE560" blockId="2.[151,755,1800,1859]" box="[151,373,1834,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A0802A54FFB18811FF203E50CD95E560" box="[159,218,1834,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[363,1226,709,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[353,1234,700,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult habitus of Colophon switalae new species: (a) male dorsal view; (b) male ventral view; (c) male protibia; d) male dorsal view (red colour form)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Fig 2</figureCitation>
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a–d;
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<tableCitation id="7539036AFFB18811FEAD3E50CC2CE560" box="[274,355,1834,1859]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic features of the head, mentum, and mandibles to aid in the identification of Colophon deschodti, C. stokoei, C. struempheri, and C. switalae." pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB18811FF283E08C9FDE5A8" box="[151,1202,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="380436D1FFB18811FF283E08C9FDE5A8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1906,2003]" box="[151,1202,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB18811FF283E08CC72E5A8" bold="true" box="[151,317,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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<typeStatus id="E7008873FFB18811FF283E08CD9DE5A8" box="[151,210,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Type</typeStatus>
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material
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</emphasis>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="E7008873FFB18811FEF33E08CCF6E5A8" box="[332,441,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: (
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<specimenCount id="2EBDFD58FFB18811FE723E08CCBDE5A8" box="[461,498,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5EAAAE14FFB18811FE423E08CF07E5A8" box="[509,584,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">ISAM</collectionCode>
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);
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<typeStatus id="E7008873FFB18811FDE33E09CF81E5A8" box="[604,718,1907,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: (
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<specimenCount id="2EBDFD58FFB18811FD5E3E08CE5AE5A8" box="[737,789,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="generic">10♂</specimenCount>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5EAAAE14FFB18811FC9F3E08CE25E5A8" box="[800,874,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">ISAM</collectionCode>
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), (
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<specimenCount id="2EBDFD58FFB18811FC383E08CEE1E5A8" box="[903,942,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5EAAAE14FFB18811FC063E08C944E5A8" box="[953,1035,1906,1931]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">TMSA</collectionCode>
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), (
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<specimenCount id="2EBDFD58FFB18811FB983E08C901E5A8" box="[1063,1102,1906,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5EAAAE14FFB18811FBE63E08C9E9E5A8" box="[1113,1190,1906,1931]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/73qr-ciny" name="University of Pretoria" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">UPSA</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB18810FF783EECCE1BE2F7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="380436D1FFB18810FF783EECCE1BE2F7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1906,2003]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB18811FF783EECCC0EE58C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1942,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FFBB4D52FFB18811FEF63EEDCF53E58C" box="[329,540,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Colophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="switalae">
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB18811FEF63EEDCF53E58C" box="[329,540,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Colophon switalae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other members in the group by the shape of the mentum, which is characterised by a distinct concave ridge on the anterior margin of the head. It is the only species in the group with two distinct colour forms. The shape of the mentum is also diagnostic (
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<tableCitation id="7539036AFFB08810FBD339EDC98CE293" box="[1132,1219,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic features of the head, mentum, and mandibles to aid in the identification of Colophon deschodti, C. stokoei, C. struempheri, and C. switalae." pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
). Pairwise genetic distance from
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<taxonomicName id="FFBB4D52FFB08810FE8839C6CCE8E2F7" box="[311,423,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Colophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stokoei">
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FE8839C6CCE8E2F7" box="[311,423,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">C. stokoei</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is 8.4% for COI (
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<bibRefCitation id="5C2A4B20FFB08810FDD039C6CE07E2F7" author="Switala" box="[623,840,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Switala, A. K., Sole, C. L. & Scholtz, C. H. (2014) Phylogeny, historical biogeography and divergence time estimates of the genus Colophon Gray (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 28, 326 - 336. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13054." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Switala
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FD7339C7CFB2E2F7" box="[716,765,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB08810FF7839A5CF4CE3A4" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="380436D1FFB08810FF7839A5CF4CE3A4" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
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||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF7839A5CC8DE2DB" bold="true" box="[199,450,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
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||
<typeStatus id="E7008873FFB08810FF7839A5CC7BE2DB" box="[199,308,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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description
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</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FE6D399ACF6EE2DB" box="[466,545,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Colour</emphasis>
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: Black.
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<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FD3B399ACFFEE2D4" box="[644,689,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Size</emphasis>
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||
: length
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<quantity id="FF439B34FFB08810FCAE399ACE36E2D4" box="[785,889,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="23.4">23.4 mm</quantity>
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, pronotal width,
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<quantity id="FF439B34FFB08810FB82399AC9EBE2D4" box="[1085,1188,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="11.9">11.9 mm</quantity>
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, mandible length:
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<quantity id="FF439B34FFB08810FAC6399ACD89E33F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF6F387ECC43E33F" box="[208,268,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Anterior margin with distinct concave ridge, straight to sinuate (
|
||
<tableCitation id="7539036AFFB08810FC54387EC970E33F" box="[1003,1087,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic features of the head, mentum, and mandibles to aid in the identification of Colophon deschodti, C. stokoei, C. struempheri, and C. switalae." pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FBE8387EC98DE33F" box="[1111,1218,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
: Apex of mandible deeply impressed on upper surface as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFBB4D52FFB08810FDC43852CFA0E363" box="[635,751,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Colophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stokoei">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FDC43852CFA0E363" box="[635,751,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">C. stokoei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="7539036AFFB08810FCBD385DCE15E363" box="[770,858,295,320]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic features of the head, mentum, and mandibles to aid in the identification of Colophon deschodti, C. stokoei, C. struempheri, and C. switalae." pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FCC83853CE9DE363" box="[887,978,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mentum</emphasis>
|
||
: Attenuated anteriorly in ventral view; anterior margin rounded; anterior surface quadrangulate and excavated (
|
||
<tableCitation id="7539036AFFB08810FC723836C96CE347" box="[973,1059,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic features of the head, mentum, and mandibles to aid in the identification of Colophon deschodti, C. stokoei, C. struempheri, and C. switalae." pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FB823837C93DE347" box="[1085,1138,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Protibia robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0802A54FFB08810FA843836C830E347" box="[1339,1407,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[354,1244,193,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1298]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus Colophon struempheri new species: (a) male dorsal view; (b) male ventral view; (c) female dorsal view; (d) male protibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233234/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
c).
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF28380ACC74E3AB" box="[151,315,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFBB4D52FFB08810FE33380ACCB3E3AB" box="[396,508,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Colophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stokoei">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FE33380ACCB3E3AB" box="[396,508,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">C. stokoei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB08810FF7838EEC848E38E" box="[199,1287,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="380436D1FFB08810FF7838EEC848E38E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" box="[199,1287,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF7838EECC7AE38E" bold="true" box="[199,309,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FEFA38EECC3DE388" box="[325,370,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Size</emphasis>
|
||
: length 17.0–21.0 mm, pronotal width
|
||
<quantity id="FF439B34FFB08810FC9538EECEF0E38F" box="[810,959,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.08" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="10.25" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="9.7">9.7–10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FC7038EFCE92E38F" box="[975,989,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14).
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FB9138EEC9CDE38F" box="[1070,1154,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB08810FF7838CDC93AE3F3" box="[199,1141,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="380436D1FFB08810FF7838CDC93AE3F3" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" box="[199,1141,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF7838CDCC16E3F3" bold="true" box="[199,345,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Hottentots
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40AC7641FFB08810FE5C38CDCF72E3F3" box="[483,573,439,464]" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mountains, Western Cape Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40AC7641FFB08810FC6138CDC93EE3F3" box="[990,1137,439,464]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB08810FF7838A6CE0FE03B" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="380436D1FFB08810FF7838A6CE0FE03B" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF7838A6CC09E3D6" bold="true" box="[199,326,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. It is with great pleasure that we name this species after Angelika Switala, in recognition of her contribution to our knowledge of these rare mountain relicts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="70A1655AFFB08810FF783B5ECFA9E0A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="380436D1FFB08810FF783B5ECFA9E0A6" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ACFEAC3FFB08810FF783B5ECC72E01E" bold="true" box="[199,317,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Comment</emphasis>
|
||
. The colour of the legs of the males shows two distinct forms, red and black, without any intermediates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A0802A54FFB08810FE813B3DCCCEE043" box="[318,385,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[354,1244,193,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1298]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus Colophon struempheri new species: (a) male dorsal view; (b) male ventral view; (c) female dorsal view; (d) male protibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233234/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
d). The populations of the two colour forms appear to occur allopatrically and may represent novel lineages but this requires further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |