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<document id="F213FF121207FD0134C92739DFDF4354" ID-DOI="10.1206/4012.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12171616" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718827447209" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Carr, Emily M., Martin, Rene P. &amp; Sparks, John S." docDate="2024" docId="AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2024.4012.1-15.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2024 (4012)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2024/issue-4012/4012.1/A-New-Extinct-Species-of-Malagodon-Cyprinodontiformes--Pantanodontidae-from/10.1206/4012.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Malagodon honahona Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks 2024, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="5378D37FFF82FFF2FF8CFFE4FFC4FFB4" masterDocTitle="A New Extinct Species of Malagodon (Cyprinodontiformes: Pantanodontidae) from Southeastern Coastal Madagascar, with a Discussion of its Phylogenetic Relationships and a Redescription of the Genus" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1718828219867" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2AAC5ED9CFF6DAC6A8CBF73A17D9B3F4">A New Extinct Species of Malagodon (Cyprinodontiformes: Pantanodontidae) from Southeastern Coastal Madagascar, with a Discussion of its Phylogenetic Relationships and a Redescription of the Genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89CD4C0F0C88EE08B2BD32C6AA17F156">Carr, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0CC1184F7D998C80C485617B2B8189C5">Martin, Rene P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8B6F9A9651DFFA4CE6E6825D5FE3FA7F">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="37AB9B5A48D6CD5993719EA4CDE25234">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="E462896DFBDF064DD109C9FCCB8F12D4">https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2024/issue-4012/4012.1/A-New-Extinct-Species-of-Malagodon-Cyprinodontiformes--Pantanodontidae-from/10.1206/4012.1.full</mods:url>
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<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FE4EFCB5FCA2FCDF" blockId="4.[450,870,849,876]" box="[450,870,849,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="7C1FAD7DFF86FFF6FE4EFCB5FCA2FCDF" box="[450,870,849,876]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FE4EFCB5FD10FCD8" bold="true" box="[450,724,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF86FFF6FE4EFCB5FD09FCD8" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[450,717,849,876]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona" status="sp. nov.">Malagodon honahona</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF86FFF6FD57FCB6FCA2FCDF" box="[731,870,849,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FDADFC6DFCC3FC10" blockId="4.[545,775,905,932]" box="[545,775,905,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="7C1FAD7DFF86FFF6FDADFC6DFCC3FC10" box="[545,775,905,932]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="7">
<figureCitation id="BFD30694FF86FFF6FDADFC6DFD68FC17" box="[545,684,905,931]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[108,194,569,590]" captionStartId-1="6.[108,194,559,580]" captionStartId-2="9.[110,196,611,632]" captionStartId-3="10.[108,194,1180,1201]" captionTargetBox-0="[108,1212,226,542]" captionTargetBox-1="[108,1212,224,532]" captionTargetBox-2="[114,1208,234,572]" captionTargetBox-3="[108,1212,224,1153]" captionTargetId-0="figure-409@5.[108,1212,226,542]" captionTargetId-1="figure-413@6.[108,1212,224,532]" captionTargetId-2="figure-332@9.[108,1212,224,584]" captionTargetId-3="figure-103@10.[108,1212,224,1155]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Malagodon honahona, new species, holotype, UMMZ 240245, adult male, 23.9 mm SL. Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, southeastern coastal Madagascar. Preserved in ethanol." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Malagodon honahona, new species, allotype, UMMZ 254162, adult female, 18.9 mm SL. Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, southeastern coastal Madagascar. Preserved in ethanol." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Comparison of adult male and female cleared-and-stained Malagodon species. Malagodon honahona: A, male, AMNH 278989, 20.2 mm SL, and B, female, AMNH 278989, 18.6 mm SL. Malagodon madagascariensis: C, male, AMNH 20526, 22.3 mm SL, and D, female, MNHN 1963-166, 22.2 mm SL. Asterisks (*) mark the neural spine on the fifth vertebral centrum for comparison. Inset on C is of same specimen with additional alizarin staining to visualize neural spines more easily. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Ontogenetic series comparing pelvic-fin development during ontogeny in Malagodon males. Malagodon honahona: A, UMMZ 254159, 20.2 mm SL; C, UMMZ 254161, 18.3 mm SL; E, UMMZ 240245, holotype, 23.9 mm SL. Malagodon madagascariensis: B, MNHN 1963-166, 11.8 mm SL; D, MNHN 1963-166, 21.6 mm SL; F, MNHN 1963-166, 26.1 mm SL. S = spinelike process with associated hook. Numerals 1–4 designate hooked segmented rays in series, following thickened spinelike processes, if present. Both spinelike processes and associated hooks increase in number over ontogeny, with sexually mature males possessing both more spinelike processes and hooks: (B) no thickened spinelike process, no hook; (A) no spinelike process, first ray with single hook; (C, D) one spinelike process present, exhibiting single hook, and following ray with paired hooks; (E) two spinelike processes present, with first spinelike process exhibiting single hook, second with paired hooks, and following ray with paired hooks; and (F) three spinelike processes present, all exhibiting paired hooks, and following ray also with paired hooks." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171618" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171620" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171624" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171626" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12171618/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12171620/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12171624/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/12171626/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 2–6</figureCitation>
; table 1
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FFE0FC27FCFBFC6F" blockId="4.[108,1008,963,1124]" box="[108,831,963,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF86FFF6FFE0FC27FF28FC6F" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[108,236,963,987]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Pantanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FFE0FC27FF28FC6F" box="[108,236,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pantanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF86FFF6FF7FFC20FEE8FC6F" box="[243,300,964,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
“manombo”: 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF86FFF6FE4DFC27FD10FC6F" author="Sparks, J. S. &amp; M. L. J. Stiassny" box="[449,724,963,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="849 - 863" refId="ref7585" refString="Sparks, J. S., and M. L. J. Stiassny. 2003. Introduction to the freshwater fishes. In S. M. Goodman (editor), The new natural history of Madagascar: 849 - 863. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book chapter" year="2003">Sparks and Stiassny, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: table 9.1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FFE0FC01FCE8FC49" blockId="4.[108,1008,963,1124]" box="[108,812,997,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF86FFF6FFE0FC01FF28FC49" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[108,236,997,1021]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Pantanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FFE0FC01FF28FC49" box="[108,236,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pantanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF86FFF6FF7FFC02FEE8FC49" box="[243,300,998,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
“manombo”: 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF86FFF6FE4DFC01FD10FC49" author="Sparks, J. S. &amp; M. L. J. Stiassny" box="[449,724,997,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="283 - 309" refId="ref7637" refString="Sparks, J. S., and M. L. J. Stiassny. 2008. Les poissons d'eaux douce. In S. M. Goodman (editor), Paysages naturels et biodiversite de Madagascar: 283 - 309. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." type="book chapter" year="2008">Sparks and Stiassny, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: table 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FFE0FBE3FC04FB94" blockId="4.[108,1008,963,1124]" box="[108,960,1031,1056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF86FFF6FFE0FBE3FF28FBAB" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[108,236,1031,1055]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Pantanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FFE0FBE3FF28FBAB" box="[108,236,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pantanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF86FFF6FF7FFBECFEE8FBAB" box="[243,300,1032,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
“manombo”: 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF86FFF6FE4DFBE3FD10FB94" author="Sparks, J. S. &amp; M. L. J. Stiassny" box="[449,724,1031,1056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1300 - 1304" refId="ref7691" refString="Sparks, J. S., and M. L. J. Stiassny. 2022. Introduction to the freshwater fishes. In S. M. Goodman (editor), The new natural history of Madagascar: 1245 - 1260, refs. 1300 - 1304. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press." type="book chapter" year="2022">Sparks and Stiassny, 2022</bibRefCitation>
: tables 10-1 and 10-9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FFE0FBCEFD01FBF6" blockId="4.[108,1008,963,1124]" box="[108,709,1066,1090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF86FFF6FFE0FBCEFF28FBF6" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[108,236,1066,1090]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Pantanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FFE0FBCEFF28FBF6" box="[108,236,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pantanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF86FFF6FF7FFBCEFEE8FBF5" box="[243,300,1066,1089]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
“manombo”: 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF86FFF6FE4DFBCEFD05FBF6" author="Sparks, J. S. &amp; W. L. Smith" box="[449,705,1066,1090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1270 - 1271" refId="ref7532" refString="Sparks, J. S., and W. L. Smith. 2022. Pantanodontidae: Pantanodon. In S. M. Goodman (editor), The new natural history of Madagascar, vol. 2: 1270 - 1271. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press." type="journal article" year="2022">Sparks and Smith, 2022</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FFE0FBA8FC34FBD0" blockId="4.[108,1008,963,1124]" box="[108,1008,1100,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF86FFF6FFE0FBA8FEDBFBD7" box="[108,287,1100,1124]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FFE0FBA8FF26FBD0" box="[108,226,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malagodon</emphasis>
spec.
</taxonomicName>
‘Manombo Reserve’ (yet undescribed): Meinema and Huber, 2023.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FF10FB63FC9AFB58" blockId="4.[108,1212,1159,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF86FFF6FF10FB63FC9AFB58" collectingDate="1994-06-16" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal &amp; J. Sparks &amp; K. Riseng" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UMMZ 240245" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF86FFF6FF10FB63FEDAFB15" box="[156,286,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FEBEFB6CFE30FB16" box="[306,500,1159,1186]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 240245</specimenCode>
; male, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF86FFF6FDDEFB63FD05FB16" box="[594,705,1159,1186]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF86FFF6FC8CFB63FC57FB15" box="[768,915,1159,1185]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF86FFF6FC28FB63FB7CFB15" box="[932,1208,1159,1185]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF86FFF6FFE0FB49FE17FB72" box="[108,467,1196,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FDA8FB48FD51FB72" box="[548,661,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<location id="22374CCAFF86FFF6FDA8FB48FD51FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF86FFF6FDA8FB48FD51FB72" box="[548,661,1196,1222]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FB8FFB49FB9AFB73" box="[1027,1118,1196,1223]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FBE5FB49FFBBFB58" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 94-4; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FE83FB36FE54FB58" box="[271,400,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FE10FB36FDC7FB58" box="[412,515,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Sparks</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FDCFFB36FD7CFB58" box="[579,696,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">K. Riseng</collectorName>
, 
<date id="53563CD1FF86FFF6FD48FB36FC9EFB58" box="[708,858,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-16">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF86FFF6FD48FB36FC9EFB58" box="[708,858,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-16">16 Jun. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF6FF10FB13FD92FAE8" blockId="4.[108,1212,1159,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF86FFF6FF10FB13FD92FAE8" collectingDate="1997-10" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UMMZ 254162" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="allotype">
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF86FFF6FF10FB13FEDCFAA5" box="[156,280,1271,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="allotype">ALLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FEA7FB1CFE2EFAA6" box="[299,490,1271,1298]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 254162</specimenCode>
; female, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF86FFF6FDD7FB13FD0DFAA6" box="[603,713,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF86FFF6FC89FB13FC53FAA5" box="[773,919,1271,1297]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF86FFF6FC2AFB13FB7CFAA5" box="[934,1208,1271,1297]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF86FFF6FFE0FAF9FE17FA83" box="[108,467,1309,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FDA8FAF9FD51FA83" box="[548,661,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<location id="22374CCAFF86FFF6FDA8FAF9FD51FA83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF86FFF6FDA8FAF9FD51FA83" box="[548,661,1309,1335]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FB8FFAF9FB9AFA83" box="[1027,1118,1308,1335]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FBE5FAF9FFBBFAE8" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 97-2; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FE83FAA6FE49FAE8" box="[271,397,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
et al., 
<date id="53563CD1FF86FFF6FE50FAA6FD96FAE8" box="[476,594,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF86FFF6FE50FAA6FD96FAE8" box="[476,594,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10">Oct. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FF2499AFF86FFF7FF10FA83FCD9FCA5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF86FFF7FF10FA83FCD9FCA5" blockId="4.[108,1212,1159,1746]" lastBlockId="5.[108,1212,646,1760]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF86FFF6FF10FA83FE7CFA45" collectingDate="1994-06-16" collectionCode="AMNH, UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal &amp; J. Sparks &amp; K. Riseng" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="AMNH 278989, UMMZ 240245" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF86FFF6FF10FA83FEDBFA35" box="[156,287,1383,1409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FEA2FA83FE20FA35" box="[302,484,1383,1409]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH 278989</specimenCode>
(formerly 
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FDE9FA8CFCE5FA36" box="[613,801,1383,1410]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 240245</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF86FFF6FCB9FA83FCA8FA36" box="[821,876,1383,1410]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">2 ex.</specimenCount>
C&amp;S (
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF86FFF6FC32FA83FBC8FA35" box="[958,1036,1383,1409]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF86FFF6FBCBFA83FB74FA35" box="[1095,1200,1383,1409]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
), 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF86FFF6FFE0FA68FED2FA13" box="[108,278,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" metricValueMax="2.02" metricValueMin="1.86" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="19.4" valueMax="20.2" valueMin="18.6">18.6–20.2 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF86FFF6FEC0FA69FE18FA13" box="[332,476,1421,1447]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF86FFF6FE65FA69FD31FA13" box="[489,757,1421,1447]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF86FFF6FC8DFA69FBB4FA13" box="[769,1136,1421,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FFE0FA56FF19FA78" box="[108,221,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<location id="22374CCAFF86FFF6FFE0FA56FF19FA78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF86FFF6FFE0FA56FF19FA78" box="[108,221,1458,1484]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FDDBFA56FD72FA78" box="[599,694,1457,1484]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FD4EFA56FCF6FA79" box="[706,818,1457,1485]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 94-4; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FC4FFA57FB80FA78" box="[963,1092,1458,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FBDCFA57FB7CFA78" box="[1104,1208,1458,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Sparks</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FF2CFA3CFED1FA45" box="[160,277,1495,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">K. Riseng</collectorName>
, 
<date id="53563CD1FF86FFF6FEADFA33FE7CFA45" box="[289,440,1495,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-16">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF86FFF6FEADFA33FE7CFA45" box="[289,440,1495,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-16">16 Jun. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF86FFF6FE48FA3CFB97F988" collectingDate="1997-10" collectionCode="AMNH, UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="AMNH 278990, UMMZ 254161" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FE48FA3CFDBFFA45" box="[452,635,1495,1522]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH 278990</specimenCode>
(formerly 
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FD70FA3CFC7CFA46" box="[764,952,1495,1522]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 254161</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF86FFF6FC41FA33FBC2FA46" box="[973,1030,1495,1522]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">2 ex.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF86FFF6FB9FFA33FB78FA46" box="[1043,1212,1495,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0549999999999997" metricValueMax="2.07" metricValueMin="2.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="20.549999999999997" valueMax="20.7" valueMin="20.4">20.4–20.7 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF86FFF6FF1AFA19FEE1F9A3" box="[150,293,1533,1559]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF86FFF6FEA3FA19FDF2F9A3" box="[303,566,1533,1559]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF86FFF6FDCCFA19FC60F9A3" box="[576,932,1533,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FC78FA19FBA0F9A3" box="[1012,1124,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<location id="22374CCAFF86FFF6FC78FA19FBA0F9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF86FFF6FC78FA19FBA0F9A3" box="[1012,1124,1533,1559]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FE00F9C6FE2AF988" box="[396,494,1569,1596]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FE71F9C6FDB4F989" box="[509,624,1569,1597]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 97-2; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FC8AF9C7FC42F988" box="[774,902,1570,1597]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
et al., 
<date id="53563CD1FF86FFF6FC57F9C6FB97F988" box="[987,1107,1570,1596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF86FFF6FC57F9C6FB97F988" box="[987,1107,1570,1596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10">Oct. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF86FFF6FBEDF9C7FC6AF918" collectingDate="1994-06-16" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal &amp; J. Sparks &amp; K. Riseng" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UMMZ 254159, UMMZ 240245" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FBEDF9C7FF04F9D6" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 254159</specimenCode>
(formerly 
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FECFF9ACFDC4F9D6" box="[323,512,1607,1634]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 240245</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF86FFF6FD99F9A3FD8BF9D6" box="[533,591,1607,1634]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">2 ex.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF86FFF6FDD1F9A3FCC3F9D6" box="[605,775,1607,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9799999999999998" metricValueMax="2.02" metricValueMin="1.94" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="19.799999999999997" valueMax="20.2" valueMin="19.4">19.4–20.2 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF86FFF6FCB1F9A3FC09F9D5" box="[829,973,1607,1633]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF86FFF6FC56F9A3FF64F933" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF86FFF6FF20F989FDDDF933" box="[172,537,1645,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF86FFF6FDE1F989FD1AF933" box="[621,734,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<location id="22374CCAFF86FFF6FDE1F989FD1AF933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF86FFF6FDE1F989FD1AF933" box="[621,734,1645,1671]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FBD5F989FB73F933" box="[1113,1207,1644,1671]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF86FFF6FFE0F976FF1EF919" box="[108,218,1681,1709]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 94-4; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FEE4F977FE2DF918" box="[360,489,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FE78F977FD9FF918" box="[500,603,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Sparks</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF86FFF6FD16F977FCCAF918" box="[666,782,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">K. Riseng</collectorName>
, 
<date id="53563CD1FF86FFF6FC95F976FC6AF918" box="[793,942,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-16">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF86FFF6FC95F976FC6AF918" box="[793,942,1682,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-16">16 Jun. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF86FFF7FC36F977FE7CFD73" collectingDate="1994-06-15" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal &amp; J. Sparks &amp; K. Riseng" country="Madagascar" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="UMMZ 254160" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF86FFF6FC36F977FBB7F919" box="[954,1139,1682,1709]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">UMMZ 254160</specimenCode>
; 
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF86FFF6FBF3F976FB73F919" box="[1151,1207,1682,1709]" count="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">5 ex.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF86FFF6FFE0F953FED2F966" box="[108,278,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" metricValueMax="2.32" metricValueMin="1.6199999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="19.7" valueMax="23.2" valueMin="16.2">16.2–23.2 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF86FFF6FEC0F953FE18F965" box="[332,476,1719,1745]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF86FFF6FE65F953FD31F965" box="[489,757,1719,1745]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF86FFF6FC8DF953FBB4F965" box="[769,1136,1719,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FFE0FD63FF19FD15" box="[108,221,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<location id="22374CCAFF87FFF7FFE0FD63FF19FD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF87FFF7FFE0FD63FF19FD15" box="[108,221,647,673]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF87FFF7FDDBFD63FD72FD15" box="[599,694,646,673]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF87FFF7FD4EFD63FCF6FD16" box="[706,818,646,674]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 94-3; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF87FFF7FC4FFD6CFB80FD15" box="[963,1092,647,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF87FFF7FBDCFD6CFB7CFD15" box="[1104,1208,647,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">J. Sparks</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF87FFF7FF2CFD49FED1FD72" box="[160,277,684,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">K. Riseng</collectorName>
, 
<date id="53563CD1FF87FFF7FEADFD48FE7CFD73" box="[289,440,684,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1994-06-15">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF87FFF7FEADFD48FE7CFD73" box="[289,440,684,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1994-06-15">15 Jun. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF87FFF7FE48FD49FCDCFCA5" collectingDate="1997-10" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="P. Reinthal" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" location="Pandanas" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="UMMZ 254161" specimenCount="13" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF87FFF7FE48FD49FDBAFD73" box="[452,638,684,711]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="University or college">UMMZ 254161</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="31EED198FF87FFF7FD07FD49FD16FD73" box="[651,722,685,711]" count="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">13 ex.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF87FFF7FD53FD48FC4DFD73" box="[735,905,684,711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.855" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="18.55" valueMax="21.8" valueMin="15.3">15.3–21.8 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF87FFF7FC31FD48FB89FD72" box="[957,1101,684,710]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF87FFF7FBD5FD48FED9FD58" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C733806BFF87FFF7FEA4FD36FD54FD58" box="[296,656,722,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Réserve Spéciale de Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
; small 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FD6DFD36FC96FD58" box="[737,850,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<location id="22374CCAFF87FFF7FD6DFD36FC96FD58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF41AB07FF86FFFBFE4EFCB5FF2BFA37:22374CCAFF87FFF7FD6DFD36FC96FD58" box="[737,850,722,748]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.05" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="47.7" municipality="Reserve Speciale de Manombo" name="Pandanas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Pandanas</location>
</emphasis>
swamp at edge of intact forest; 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF87FFF7FFE0FD13FF0EFCA5" box="[108,202,758,785]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF87FFF7FF5BFD13FE82FCA6" box="[215,326,758,786]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
; PNR 97-2; 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF87FFF7FE5AFD1CFD90FCA5" box="[470,596,759,786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
et al., 
<date id="53563CD1FF87FFF7FD2FFD13FCDCFCA5" box="[675,792,759,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1997-10">
<collectingDate id="4312C539FF87FFF7FD2FFD13FCDCFCA5" box="[675,792,759,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1997-10">Oct. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="73974A99FF87FFF7FFE0FDDDFC48FDD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12171618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171618/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[108,194,569,590]" targetBox="[108,1212,226,542]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF87FFF7FFE0FDDDFC48FDD8" blockId="5.[108,1212,566,620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
FIGURE 2. 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF87FFF7FF68FDD3FE04FDFB" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[228,448,567,591]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FF68FDD3FE04FDFB" box="[228,448,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malagodon honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF87FFF7FE42FDD3FD8DFDFB" box="[462,585,567,591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, UMMZ 240245, adult male, 23.9 mm SL. Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, southeastern coastal Madagascar. Preserved in ethanol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6FF2499AFF87FFF7FF10FCF9FE75FBA3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF87FFF7FF10FCF9FE75FBA3" blockId="5.[108,1212,646,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
DIAGNOSIS: The new species is readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF87FFF7FCD7FCF8FB71FC82" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[859,1205,796,822]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FCD7FCF8FB71FC82" box="[859,1205,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Malagodon madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its only congener, by the following apomorphic features: lower anal-fin ray count (15–17 vs. 18–19), longer caudal peduncle (26.8–39.8 vs. 21.9–26.7% SL), and notably expanded and platelike neural spine on arch of fifth vertebral centrum in both sexes (vs. thin and spinelike in 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF87FFF7FF00FC57FE46FC78" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[140,386,946,972]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FF00FC57FF62FC78" box="[140,166,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FF38FC56FE46FC78" box="[180,386,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, neural spines on both sixth and seventh vertebral centra in new species also somewhat expanded and platelike dorsally versus narrow and spinelike in 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF87FFF7FF4CFC19FE6EFBA2" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[192,426,1020,1046]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FF4CFC19FE6EFBA2" box="[192,426,1020,1046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FF2499AFF87FFFAFF10FBC6FE8AFCC2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF87FFF7FF10FBC6FF5FFA05" blockId="5.[108,1212,646,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
DESCRIPTION: Morphometric and meristic data presented in table 1. Pigmentation pattern in life and preservation, as well as external and internal morphological features, shown in figures 2–6. Body similar in overall shape to 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF87FFF7FDFFFB89FCACFB32" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[627,872,1132,1158]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF87FFF7FDFFFB89FCACFB32" box="[627,872,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and relatively elongate and dorsoventrally flattened anteriorly. Body width of males becoming gradually more laterally compressed posteriorly, whereas body width of females becoming significantly laterally compressed posterior to pelvic fins. Head extremely dorsoventrally flattened. Snout pointed and oriented dorsally. Orbit very large. Eyes dorsolaterally oriented. Interorbital width approximately half of orbit diameter. Mouth wide, superiorly oriented, and jaws short. Posterior margin of maxilla extending posteroventrally to vertical approximately at midpoint of orbit. Upper lip large and thickened medially. Lower lip thin. Lower jaw greatly protrudes anterior to upper jaw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF87FFF4FF10FA58FE14FC80" blockId="5.[108,1212,646,1760]" lastBlockId="6.[108,1213,644,1754]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Three rows of sharp lingually curved villiform teeth restricted to the premaxilla, becoming reduced to a single row posterolaterally. Tooth size decreasing laterally from premaxillary symphysis. Lower jaw with two distinct rows of lingually curved villiform teeth at symphysis of dentary, slightly decreasing in size posterolaterally. Paired 5th ceratobranchial bones (IF = inferior pharyngobranchials of 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF87FFF7FE72F9B6FD50F9D9" author="Rosen, D. E." box="[510,660,1618,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7270" refString="Rosen, D. E. 1965. Oryzias madagascariensis Arnoult redescribed and assigned to the East African fish genus Pantanodon (Atherinformes, Cyprinodontoidei). American Museum Novitates 2240: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1965">Rosen, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3) with 10 rows of sharp, slightly posteriorly recurved villiform teeth. Tooth number decreasing anteriorly with 12–13 teeth in the most posterior row decreasing to one tooth in the most anterior row. Pharyngobranchials 3,4 (PB 
<subScript id="BB6C1854FF87FFF7FF49F92BFF19F954" attach="left" box="[197,221,1743,1760]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3,4</subScript>
of 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF87FFF7FE8FF926FE57F969" author="Rosen, D. E." box="[259,403,1730,1757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7270" refString="Rosen, D. E. 1965. Oryzias madagascariensis Arnoult redescribed and assigned to the East African fish genus Pantanodon (Atherinformes, Cyprinodontoidei). American Museum Novitates 2240: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1965">Rosen 1965</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3) with eight rows of sharp, slightly posteriorly recurved villiform teeth. Tooth number greatest in medial rows, with 7–8 teeth, decreasing anteriorly and posteriorly to 3–4 teeth per row. Second pharyngobranchial elements (PB 
<subScript id="BB6C1854FF84FFF4FC69FD5CFC2AFD7D" attach="left" box="[997,1006,696,713]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
? of 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF84FFF4FBAEFD4EFB7CFD71" author="Rosen, D. E." box="[1058,1208,682,709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7270" refString="Rosen, D. E. 1965. Oryzias madagascariensis Arnoult redescribed and assigned to the East African fish genus Pantanodon (Atherinformes, Cyprinodontoidei). American Museum Novitates 2240: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1965">Rosen, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3) weakly ossified, large and elongate, tapering to a point rostrally, and with numerous associated toothplates (many weakly associated and floating in adjacent tissue as opposed to directly fused to PB 
<subScript id="BB6C1854FF84FFF4FED0FCCCFEA1FC8D" attach="right" box="[348,357,808,825]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
? bones).
</paragraph>
<caption id="73974A99FF84FFF4FFE0FDCBFC48FDD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12171620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[108,194,559,580]" targetBox="[108,1212,224,532]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF84FFF4FFE0FDCBFC48FDD6" blockId="6.[108,1212,557,610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
FIGURE 3. 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF84FFF4FF6FFDC9FE7AFDF1" authority="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks, 2024" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[227,446,557,581]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF84FFF4FF6FFDC9FE7AFDF1" box="[227,446,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malagodon honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EAF7B78FF84FFF4FE47FDCAFD81FDF1" box="[459,581,557,581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, allotype, UMMZ 254162, adult female, 18.9 mm SL. Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, southeastern coastal Madagascar. Preserved in ethanol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF84FFF4FF10FCDBFEDAFB8E" blockId="6.[108,1213,644,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Suborbital series comprised of the lacrimal and the dermosphenotic. Posterior margin of preopercle smooth, lacking serrations. Opercle lacking spines. Operculum extending posterior to pectoral-fin base. Gill membrane joined to isthmus, but sides meet without a connecting membrane. Lower limb of first gill arch with two rows (one inner and one outer) of 32–35 elongate, triangular rakers. Lower limb of gill arches two through four with inner and outer row rakers of a similar morphology and count (
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF84FFF4FD19FC1EFD39FBA0" box="[661,765,1018,1045]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.509" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="33.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="32.0">32–35 in</quantity>
each row) as first arch. Five branchiostegals present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF84FFF4FF10FBA1FC46FB41" blockId="6.[108,1213,644,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">All scales cycloid, relatively uniform in size, and covering entire body. Smaller scales on caudal fin extending approximately 1/6 length of fin. Scales on nape laterally oblong. Cheek and ventrum fully scaled. Lacrimal asquamate. Snout and occiput fully scaled. Fourteen scales in diagonal from dorsal margin of opercle to origin of dorsal fin. Twenty-two predorsal scales along dorsal midline. Twenty-eight to 29 lateral line scales present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF84FFFAFF10FB1BFD57FEF2" blockId="6.[108,1213,644,1754]" lastBlockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fin ray counts as follows: dorsal 7–8; anal 15–17; pectoral 8–9; pelvic 6; caudal 25–27. Anal fin frequently with one or two feeble leading spinelike unbranched rays (rarely three), especially in larger individuals. Pelvic fin with hooked spinelike processes (thickened rays) present in males, with both number of spinelike processes and associated hooks variable and generally increasing over ontogeny (i.e., sexually mature males generally have both more thickened spinelike rays and associated hooks; fig. 6A, C, E): (A) no spinelike process, first ray with single hook; (C) one spinelike process present, exhibiting single hook, and following ray with paired hooks; (E) two spinelike processes present, with first exhibiting single hook, second with paired hooks, and third ray with paired hooks. All females lack hooks on pelvic-fin rays regardless of size or sexual maturity. Vertebral count 17 precaudal + 13–15 caudal = 30–32 total vertebrae. Anteriormost precaudal vertebra lacking pleural ribs. Pectoral fin extending posteriorly to near vertical of longest pelvic-fin ray when both adducted. Anterior origin of dorsal fin at approximate midpoint of anal fin. Anal fin originating at vertical greater than three-quarters of predorsal distance and terminating slightly posterior to last dorsal-fin ray. Caudal fin evenly rounded to lanceolate in larger males</paragraph>
<caption id="73974A99FF85FFF5FFE0FF04FE95FEA2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[108,182,224,248]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF85FFF5FFE0FF04FE95FEA2" blockId="7.[108,1186,224,278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for holotype, allotype, and paratypes of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF85FFF5FC4DFF04FB58FF4C" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[961,1180,224,248]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FC4DFF04FB58FF4C" box="[961,1180,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Malagodon honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. M = male; F = female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF85FFF5FFFBFED2FB55F9D4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="55E8E8B1FF85000DFFFBFED2FB53F9D5" box="[119,1175,310,1633]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="99D81853FF85000DFFFBFED2FB53FEF8" box="[119,1175,310,332]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFFFBFED2FE55FEF8" box="[119,401,310,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FFFBFED2FF11FEF8" bold="true" box="[119,213,310,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFE6DFED2FE33FEF8" box="[481,503,310,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FE68FED2FE31FEFF" bold="true" box="[484,501,310,331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFDA9FED2FD6CFEF8" box="[549,680,310,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FDA9FED2FD6CFEF8" bold="true" box="[549,680,310,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holotype (M)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFD47FED2FCFBFEF8" box="[715,831,310,332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FD47FED2FCFBFEF8" bold="true" box="[715,831,310,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allotype (F)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFCFCFED2FC0EFEF8" box="[880,970,310,332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FC0CFED2FC7FFEFF" bold="true" box="[896,955,310,331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Range</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFB8AFED2FBFFFEF8" box="[1030,1083,310,332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FB8AFED2FBFFFEFF" bold="true" box="[1030,1083,310,331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFBF7FED2FB53FEF8" box="[1147,1175,310,332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FBF7FED2FB53FEF8" bold="true" box="[1147,1175,310,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SD</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="99D81853FF85000DFFFBFE84FB53FEC3" box="[119,1175,352,375]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFFFBFE84FE55FEC3" box="[119,401,352,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Standard Length (mm)</th>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFE6DFE84FE33FEC3" box="[481,503,352,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFDA9FE84FD6CFEC3" box="[549,680,352,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23.9</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFD47FE84FCFBFEC3" box="[715,831,352,375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18.9</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFCFCFE84FC0EFEC3" box="[880,970,352,375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15.3–23.9</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFB8AFE84FBFFFEC3" box="[1030,1083,352,375]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18.9</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFBF7FE84FB53FEC3" box="[1147,1175,352,375]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="99D81853FF85000DFFFBFE41FB53FC46" box="[119,1175,421,1010]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFFFBFE41FE55FC46" box="[119,401,421,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FFFBFE42FED1FE0F" bold="true" box="[119,277,421,443]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Percentage of SL</emphasis>
Head depth Head length Body depth Caudal-peduncle length Caudal-peduncle width Caudal-peduncle depth Predorsal length Preanal length Prepelvic length Pectoral-fin length Pectoral-fin base length Dorsal-fin base length Pelvic-fin length Caudal-fin length Anal-fin base length
</th>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFE6DFE41FE33FC46" box="[481,503,421,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 12 23</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFDA9FE41FD6CFC46" box="[549,680,421,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15.9 23.7 23.9 28.5 1.8 13.8 60.9 49.6 35.8 17.1 4.3 10.3 12.7 25.4 22.8</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFD47FE41FCFBFC46" box="[715,831,421,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16.4 25.3 22.2 28.5 1.4 12.7 62.2 54.2 39.9 14.7 4.7 9.2 10.2 27.7 17.7</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFCFCFE41FC0EFC46" box="[880,970,421,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15.1–21.1 23.0–28.6 20.0–28.2 26.8–39.8 1.4–4.0 10.8–15.0 59.4–83.9 49.6–72.0 34.6–52.4 12.0–22.9 3.7–6.6 7.5–13.5 8.4–14.2 22.2–35.8 16.5–24.7</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFB8AFE41FBFFFC46" box="[1030,1083,421,1010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17.0 25.4 22.6 28.8 2.3 13.0 62.6 53.4 38.9 16.7 4.7 9.8 11.2 26.6 19.9</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFBF7FE41FB53FC46" box="[1147,1175,421,1010]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.3 1.4 1.9 2.6 0.6 0.9 4.9 4.4 3.5 2.4 0.6 1.6 1.5 3.5 2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="99D81853FF85000DFFFBFBC5FB53FB1D" box="[119,1175,1057,1193]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFFFBFBC5FE55FB1D" box="[119,401,1057,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FFFBFBC5FEDFFB82" bold="true" box="[119,283,1057,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Percentage of HL</emphasis>
Snout length Orbit diameter Interorbital width
</th>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFE6DFBC5FE33FB1D" box="[481,503,1057,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23 23 23</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFDA9FBC5FD6CFB1D" box="[549,680,1057,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21.3 36.5 53.4</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFD47FBC5FCFBFB1D" box="[715,831,1057,1193]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">26.4 33.3 49.5</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFCFCFBC5FC0EFB1D" box="[880,970,1057,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17.7–30.4 32.4–40.1 42.5–59.4</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFB8AFBC5FBFFFB1D" box="[1030,1083,1057,1193]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24.8 35.8 49.1</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFBF7FBC5FB53FB1D" box="[1147,1175,1057,1193]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.8 2.2 5.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="99D81853FF85000DFFFBFB33FB53FAA7" box="[119,1175,1239,1299]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFFFBFB33FE55FAA7" box="[119,401,1239,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Caudal-peduncle length/width Caudal-peduncle length/depth</th>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFE6DFB33FE33FAA7" box="[481,503,1239,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23 23</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFDA9FB33FD6CFAA7" box="[549,680,1239,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15.5 2.06</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFD47FB33FCFBFAA7" box="[715,831,1239,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20.7 2.25</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFCFCFB33FC0EFAA7" box="[880,970,1239,1299]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6.8–20.7 1.9–2.7</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFB8AFB33FBFFFAA7" box="[1030,1083,1239,1299]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.2 2.2</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFBF7FB33FB53FAA7" box="[1147,1175,1239,1299]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9 0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="99D81853FF85000DFFFBFAA6FB53F9D5" box="[119,1175,1346,1633]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="DA09712FFF85000DFFFBFAA6FE55F9D5" box="[119,401,1346,1633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF85FFF5FFFBFAA6FF0AFAEC" bold="true" box="[119,206,1346,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Meristics</emphasis>
Vertebrae (precaudal + caudal) Dorsal-fin rays Anal-fin rays Pectoral-fin rays Pelvic-fin rays Caudal-fin rays Lateral-line scales
</th>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFE6DFAA6FE33F9D5" box="[481,503,1346,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24 24 24 23 23 22 23</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFDA9FAA6FD6CF9D5" box="[549,680,1346,1633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17+13 7 17 9 6 27 28</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFD47FAA6FCFBF9D5" box="[715,831,1346,1633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17+14 7 16 9 6 25 29</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFCFCFAA6FC0EF9D5" box="[880,970,1346,1633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17+13–15 7–8 15–17 8–9 6 25–27 28–29</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFB8AFAA6FBFFF9D5" box="[1030,1083,1346,1633]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-- -- -- -- -- -- --</td>
<td id="DA09712FFF85000DFBF7FAA6FB53F9D5" box="[1147,1175,1346,1633]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-- --- -- -- -- -- --</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FEB5FF05FED8" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,193,337,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(fig. 4).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFF10FE93FD57FE02" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Neural spines (= processes) notably expanded and platelike on first five vertebral</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFD21FE51FD50FE6F" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
FIGURE 4. Live adult male 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFC58FE57FB72FE7F" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[980,1206,435,459]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFC58FE57FB72FE7F" box="[980,1206,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, centra in both sexes, not thin and spinelike (fig.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFD20FE35FC90FD97" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF8AFFFAFD20FE35FC90FD97" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="Additionally &amp; Photo &amp; P. Reinthal &amp; J. S. Sparks." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="UMMZ 240245" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="774EB26AFF8AFFFAFD20FE35FC93FE5D" box="[684,855,465,489]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="University or college">UMMZ 240245</specimenCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF8AFFFAFCE4FE35FC03FE5D" box="[872,967,465,489]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF8AFFFAFC54FE35FBFEFE5C" box="[984,1082,465,489]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
SL, photo- 5A, B). 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF8AFFFAFF58FE03FEAFFDB5" box="[212,363,487,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Additionally</collectorName>
, neural spines on both graphed shortly after capture. (
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF8AFFFAFC65FE0AFBEDFDB2" box="[1001,1065,494,518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Photo</collectorName>
by 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF8AFFFAFBC2FE0BFB78FDB2" box="[1102,1212,494,518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. Reinthal</collectorName>
sixth and seventh vertebral centra somewhat and 
<collectorName id="8A1D7FC7FF8AFFFAFD56FDE8FC8AFD97" box="[730,846,523,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">J.S. Sparks.</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FDD5FE22FDFF" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,486,561,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">expanded and platelike dorsally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFF10FDB3FEE3FCB2" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PIGMENTATION IN LIFE: Coloration of recently collected male shown in figure 4. Base body color orangish-brown. Head with a purplish-blue blotch that continues posteriorly as thin stripe along midline to caudal peduncle. Reddish-orange spots present on snout and bases of both pectoral and caudal fins. Unpaired fins, especially anal and caudal, reddish orange with darker margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFF10FCF6FE8AFCC2" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PIGMENTATION IN PRESERVATIVE: Coloration in alcohol shown in figures 2 and 3. Overall coloration light grayish brown with very small dark spots covering body and visible only under microscope.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FF2499AFF8AFFFAFF10FC66FB7FFA82" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFF10FC66FB78FC2F" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[156,1212,897,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: The new species is known only from a single, small, isolated</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FC43FB78FC75" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,1212,935,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFFE0FC43FF19FC75" box="[108,221,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pandanas</emphasis>
swamp in southeastern coastal 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF8AFFFAFDD6FC43FD23FC75" box="[602,743,935,961]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, located within the Réserve Spéciale de
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FC28FB78FBE2" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Manombo (
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF8AFFFAFF7AFC28FE90FC52" box="[246,340,971,998]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF8AFFFAFEECFC28FE0AFC52" box="[352,462,971,998]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
), south of the coastal town of Farafangana (fig. 1). Although the species was first collected in 1994, it has not been collected since the late 1990s despite repeated attempts and is presumed to be extinct. The habitat was a small, turbid swamp, with only a thin layer of clear water over a much more extensive highly sedimented layer. All specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFB17FBD9FB78FBE2" box="[1179,1212,1085,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFB17FBD9FB78FBE2" box="[1179,1212,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FB85FC9EFBC8" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,858,1121,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFFE0FB85FF24FBCF" box="[108,224,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">honahona</emphasis>
were collected from this thin top layer of clear water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFF10FB63FB78FB15" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[156,1212,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Members of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFEBCFB63FE76FB15" authorityName="Meinema and Huber" authorityYear="2023" box="[304,434,1159,1185]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFEBCFB63FE76FB15" box="[304,434,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are omnivorous. In aquaria, 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFC8BFB6CFC67FB15" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[775,931,1159,1185]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFC8BFB6CFC67FB15" box="[775,931,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fed on algae, zooplank-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FB49FB5EFAA5" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
ton, and chironomid larvae. These fishes are oviparous, and fertilization is external. This species was kept in aquaria for several years (at UMMZ). However, efforts to induce reproduction failed. Little else is known regarding reproductive behavior of either species of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFB9DFB13FB57FAA5" authorityName="Meinema and Huber" authorityYear="2023" box="[1041,1171,1271,1297]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFB9DFB13FB57FAA5" box="[1041,1171,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFF10FAF8FB7FFA82" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[156,1211,1308,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CONSERVATION STATUS: Based on the most recent Red List assessment (IUCN, 2023),</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FF2499AFF8AFFFBFFE0FAA6FE2FFB5A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FAA6FB78FAE8" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,1212,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFFE0FAA6FE78FAE8" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[108,444,1346,1372]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFFE0FAA6FE78FAE8" box="[108,444,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be extinct (Ravelomanana et al., 2018; 
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF8AFFFAFBB0FAA6FB78FAE8" author="Sparks, J. S. &amp; W. L. Smith" box="[1084,1212,1346,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1270 - 1271" refId="ref7532" refString="Sparks, J. S., and W. L. Smith. 2022. Pantanodontidae: Pantanodon. In S. M. Goodman (editor), The new natural history of Madagascar, vol. 2: 1270 - 1271. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press." type="journal article" year="2022">Sparks and</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0FA83FB7FF9A2" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Smith, 2022). Although the newly described species from southeastern coastal 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF8AFFFAFC73FA83FB4FFA35" box="[1023,1163,1383,1409]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
was not assessed by IUCN in 2016 (
<bibRefCitation id="437967E0FF8AFFFAFE6DFA68FDB9FA12" author="Sparks, J. S." box="[481,637,1420,1446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="58297104" refId="ref7496" refString="Sparks, J. S. 2016. Pantanodon madagascariensis. In The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 15949 A 58297104. Online resource, accessed 21 February 2024." type="journal article" year="2016">Sparks, 2016</bibRefCitation>
), which limits assessments to formally described species, extensive collecting efforts over the past three decades by our research team and others have failed to locate additional individuals, therefore, it can be presumed that 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFB89FA3CFB66FA45" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[1029,1186,1495,1521]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFB89FA3CFB66FA45" box="[1029,1186,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also extinct. Both species of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFE39FA18FDF3F9A2" authorityName="Meinema and Huber" authorityYear="2023" box="[437,567,1532,1558]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFE39FA18FDF3F9A2" box="[437,567,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibited extremely restricted ranges in eastern coastal
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0F9C6FB78F988" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,1212,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF8AFFFAFFE0F9C6FF3EF988" box="[108,250,1570,1596]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFE88F9C6FD91F988" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[260,597,1570,1596]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFE88F9C6FD91F988" box="[260,597,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known only from forested areas in the region of
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFAFFE0F9A3FB78F9D5" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" box="[108,1212,1606,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="9780104CFF8AFFFAFFE0F9A3FB7CF9D5" box="[108,1208,1606,1634]" latitude="-17.483334" location="Toamasina" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="49.466667" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
Mahambo (
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF8AFFFAFF79F9A3FEA5F9D5" box="[245,353,1606,1633]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-17.483334">17° 29′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF8AFFFAFEE1F9A3FE18F9D5" box="[365,476,1606,1633]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="49.466667">49° 28′ E</geoCoordinate>
), about 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF8AFFFAFDB6F9A3FD41F9D5" box="[570,645,1607,1633]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
north of the port city of 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF8AFFFAFC27F9A3FBEEF9D5" box="[939,1066,1607,1633]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
(Tamatave)
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8AFFFBFFE0F988FBBCFB7D" blockId="8.[108,1213,225,1746]" lastBlockId="9.[108,1212,787,1411]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
and no additional specimens have been collected from the region since collection of the 
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF8AFFFAFB05F989FB78F933" box="[1161,1212,1645,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
series in late 1962 by Arnoult (figs. 1, 7). 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFDD7F976FC9EF918" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[603,858,1682,1708]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFDD7F976FC9EF918" box="[603,858,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malagodon honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first collected in 1994 by our research team from a single, small lowland 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8AFFFAFD2DF953FCD7F965" box="[673,787,1719,1745]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8AFFFAFD2DF953FCD7F965" box="[673,787,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
swamp within the Réserve Spéciale de Manombo (
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF8BFFFBFE95FCF0FEB3FC9A" box="[281,375,787,814]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="-23.05">23° 3′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="42DC7CD6FF8BFFFBFE0FFCF0FE35FC9A" box="[387,497,787,814]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="47.7">47° 42′ E</geoCoordinate>
), located to the south of Farafangana, its only known locality (figs. 1, 2, 4). Unfortunately, introduced 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFDDBFCDDFD0AFCE7" authorityName="Poey in Poey" authorityYear="1854" box="[599,718,825,851]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Gambusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFDDBFCDDFD0AFCE7" box="[599,718,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gambusia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were prevalent at this locality and likely competing with 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFEA1FCBBFE0EFCCC" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[301,458,862,888]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFEA1FCBBFE0EFCCC" box="[301,458,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and specimens of the new species of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFC01FCBAFBCBFCCC" authorityName="Meinema and Huber" authorityYear="2023" box="[909,1039,862,888]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFC01FCBAFBCBFCCC" box="[909,1039,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malagodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been collected at the 
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF8BFFFBFEABFC60FE9EFC2A" box="[295,346,900,926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality since 1997. The region upstream of their only known habitat lies outside the Réserve Spéciale de Manombo protected area and is afforded no protection. As a result, the watershed has experienced rapid deforestation in recent decades such that the fragile 
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF8BFFFBFFE0FC10FF5BFBBA" box="[108,159,1012,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality has suffered severe degradation. It is likely 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFC9CFC11FC6AFBBA" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[784,942,1012,1038]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFC9CFC11FC6AFBBA" box="[784,942,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became extinct in the late 1990s, not long after it was first discovered. Despite the similar spelling of the 
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF8BFFFBFB91FBFEFB8BFB80" box="[1053,1103,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
localities for 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFF1AFBDBFE4CFBEC" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[150,392,1086,1112]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFF1AFBDBFE4CFBEC" box="[150,392,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFE48FBDBFDA5FBEC" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[452,609,1086,1112]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFE48FBDBFDA5FBEC" box="[452,609,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is clear from the description and accompanying notes made by Arnoult (1963) that the specimens he collected were from forested swamps located to the north of 
<collectingRegion id="E52CD4F3FF8BFFFBFEF4FB6DFE3EFB17" box="[376,506,1161,1187]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
, near Mahambo, which is approximately 
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF8BFFFBFC56FB6DFBF6FB17" box="[986,1074,1161,1188]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="650.0">650 km</quantity>
(
<quantity id="E010B7F4FF8BFFFBFBCCFB6DFB70FB17" box="[1088,1204,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mi" value="400.0">400 miles</quantity>
) to the north of the Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, 
<typeStatus id="F853A4B3FF8BFFFBFD4BFB4BFD3EFB7D" box="[711,762,1199,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFCF2FB4BFBDFFB7D" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[894,1051,1199,1225]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFCF2FB4BFBDFFB7D" box="[894,1051,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="73974A99FF8BFFFBFFE2FD87FC0BFD59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12171624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171624/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[110,196,611,632]" targetBox="[114,1208,234,572]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8BFFFBFFE2FD87FC0BFD59" blockId="9.[108,1212,608,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
FIGURE 5. Comparison of adult male and female cleared-and-stained 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFCB3FD85FBC0FDCD" box="[831,1028,609,633]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFCB3FD85FC6BFDCD" box="[831,943,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malagodon</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFB86FD85FF5AFD22" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFB86FD85FF5AFD22" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malagodon honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFF27FD9AFF79FD22" bold="true" box="[171,189,638,662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
, male, AMNH 278989, 20.2 mm SL, and 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFDE9FD9AFDB1FD22" bold="true" box="[613,629,638,662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
, female, AMNH 278989, 18.6 mm SL. 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFB8FFD9AFF25FD07" baseAuthorityName="Arnoult" baseAuthorityYear="1963" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFB8FFD9AFF25FD07" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malagodon madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFF62FD7FFF3BFD07" bold="true" box="[238,255,667,691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
, male, AMNH 20526, 22.3 mm SL, and 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFD2FFD7FFD72FD07" bold="true" box="[675,694,667,691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
, female, MNHN 1963-166, 22.2 mm SL. Asterisks (*) mark the neural spine on the fifth vertebral centrum for comparison. Inset on C is of same specimen with additional alizarin staining to visualize neural spines more easily. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8BFFFBFF10FB30FE2FFB5A" blockId="9.[108,1212,787,1411]" box="[156,491,1236,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">LOCAL NAME: None known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FF2499AFF8BFFFBFF10FB1DFF2BFA37" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="27571A11FF8BFFFBFF10FB1DFF2BFA37" blockId="9.[108,1212,787,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
ETYMOLOGY: Named for the swampy 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFDEFFB1DFD10FAA7" box="[611,724,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pandanas</emphasis>
dominated habitat in which this species occurred within the Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, in southeastern coastal 
<collectingCountry id="5FFF5A81FF8BFFFBFC57FAFBFBACFA8D" box="[987,1128,1311,1337]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFBFFFAFBFF62FAEA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hohahona</emphasis>
translates as swamp or swampy in Malagasy. The epithet, 
<taxonomicName id="E0E86192FF8BFFFBFCDDFAA0FC01FAEA" authorityName="Carr &amp; Martin &amp; Sparks" authorityYear="2024" box="[849,965,1348,1374]" class="Actinopteri" family="Pantanodontidae" genus="Malagodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honahona">
<emphasis id="159CC603FF8BFFFBFCDDFAA0FC01FAEA" box="[849,965,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">honahona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>